Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1616363
Qianping Lang, Shao-nan Li
Abstract Context: Cholinesterase (ChE) had long been employed for revealing environmental existence of anticholinesterases, and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) is a newly developed biomarker of aquatic arthropods. Still, population consequences of ChE inhibition and the consequences in terms of NAGase remained unclear. Objective: To quantify relationship between level of ChE and that of NAGase deliberated from chemical suppressed population of Daphnia magna. Methods: A set of macrophyte-dominated systems were established indoor to test insecticide chlorpyrifos. Antibodies were developed for quantifying content of ChE in bodies and content of NAGase in media, which was achieved by indirect-competitive and indirect-noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results: Lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of chlorpyrifos, as it was counted by actual concentrations, was 0.128, <0.011, 0.092, and 0.092 µg/L for population density, inherent activity of ChE, apparent activity of ChE, and content of NAGase, respectively. Corresponding to 0.90–0.48 U/µg declination in inherent activity of ChE, atrophy of −1.65 to 23% in population and that of −4.1 to 24.89% in NAGase was detected, respectively. Conclusion: Population impact of an anticholinesterase could be predicted, with adequate accuracy, by either ChE or NAGase.
{"title":"Population and biomarker responses of Daphnia magna towards anticholinesterase exposures","authors":"Qianping Lang, Shao-nan Li","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1616363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1616363","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context: Cholinesterase (ChE) had long been employed for revealing environmental existence of anticholinesterases, and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) is a newly developed biomarker of aquatic arthropods. Still, population consequences of ChE inhibition and the consequences in terms of NAGase remained unclear. Objective: To quantify relationship between level of ChE and that of NAGase deliberated from chemical suppressed population of Daphnia magna. Methods: A set of macrophyte-dominated systems were established indoor to test insecticide chlorpyrifos. Antibodies were developed for quantifying content of ChE in bodies and content of NAGase in media, which was achieved by indirect-competitive and indirect-noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results: Lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of chlorpyrifos, as it was counted by actual concentrations, was 0.128, <0.011, 0.092, and 0.092 µg/L for population density, inherent activity of ChE, apparent activity of ChE, and content of NAGase, respectively. Corresponding to 0.90–0.48 U/µg declination in inherent activity of ChE, atrophy of −1.65 to 23% in population and that of −4.1 to 24.89% in NAGase was detected, respectively. Conclusion: Population impact of an anticholinesterase could be predicted, with adequate accuracy, by either ChE or NAGase.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1616363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47166646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bryan J McCranor, Talearia D Young, Justin Tressler, Laura Jennings, James Irwin, Nazira A Alli, Marilynda K Abilez, Samuel Stone, Michelle Racine, Jennifer L Devorak, Alfred M Sciuto, Benjamin Wong
Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is a highly toxic metabolic poison that has the potential because of its lack of defined color, odor, and taste and its high water solubility to be intentionally or unintentionally ingested through food adulteration. Although the mechanism of action for 1080 has been known since the 1950's, no known antidote exists. In an effort to better understand the cardiopulmonary impacts of 1080, we utilized whole-body plethysmography and telemeterized Sprague-Dawley rats which allowed for the real-time measurement of respiratory and cardiac parameters following exposure using a non-invasive assisted-drinking method. Overall, the animals showed marked depression of respiratory parameters over the course of 24 hours post-exposure and the development of hemorrhage in the lung tissue. Tidal volume was reduced by 30% in males and 60% in females at 24 hours post-exposure, and respiratory frequency was significantly depressed as well. In telemeterized female rats, we observed severe cardiac abnormalities, highlighted by a 50% reduction in heart rate, 75% reduction in systolic blood pressure, and a 3.5-fold lengthening of the QRS interval over the course of 24 hours. We also observed a reduction in core body temperature of nearly 15°C. Our study was able to describe the severe and pronounced effects of sodium fluoroacetate poisoning on cardiopulmonary function, the results of which indicate that both tissue specific and systemic deficits contribute to the toxicological progression of 1080 intoxication and will need to be accounted for when developing any potential countermeasure for 1080 poisoning.
{"title":"The Cardiopulmonary Effects of Sodium Fluoroacetate (1080) in Sprague-Dawley Rats.","authors":"Bryan J McCranor, Talearia D Young, Justin Tressler, Laura Jennings, James Irwin, Nazira A Alli, Marilynda K Abilez, Samuel Stone, Michelle Racine, Jennifer L Devorak, Alfred M Sciuto, Benjamin Wong","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is a highly toxic metabolic poison that has the potential because of its lack of defined color, odor, and taste and its high water solubility to be intentionally or unintentionally ingested through food adulteration. Although the mechanism of action for 1080 has been known since the 1950's, no known antidote exists. In an effort to better understand the cardiopulmonary impacts of 1080, we utilized whole-body plethysmography and telemeterized Sprague-Dawley rats which allowed for the real-time measurement of respiratory and cardiac parameters following exposure using a non-invasive assisted-drinking method. Overall, the animals showed marked depression of respiratory parameters over the course of 24 hours post-exposure and the development of hemorrhage in the lung tissue. Tidal volume was reduced by 30% in males and 60% in females at 24 hours post-exposure, and respiratory frequency was significantly depressed as well. In telemeterized female rats, we observed severe cardiac abnormalities, highlighted by a 50% reduction in heart rate, 75% reduction in systolic blood pressure, and a 3.5-fold lengthening of the QRS interval over the course of 24 hours. We also observed a reduction in core body temperature of nearly 15°C. Our study was able to describe the severe and pronounced effects of sodium fluoroacetate poisoning on cardiopulmonary function, the results of which indicate that both tissue specific and systemic deficits contribute to the toxicological progression of 1080 intoxication and will need to be accounted for when developing any potential countermeasure for 1080 poisoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6782068/pdf/nihms-1518749.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10752720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1606555
N. Elhawary, M. Tayeb, Ikhlas Sindi, Nermeen A. Qutub, M. Rashad, A. Mufti, Arwa H Arab, A. Khogeer, Ezzeldin N Elhawary, A. Dannoun, N. Bogari
Abstract Objective: To determine whether individual or interactive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may influence the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: DNA from buccal cells of 212 participants (110 cases and 102 controls) were subjected to TaqMan genotyping of the HTR2A rs7997012, HTR2C rs6318, SLC6A4 rs3813034, ANKK1 rs1800497, and BDNF rs6265 SNPs. The ASD symptoms and severity were assessed by DSM-IV criteria and CARS scores. The SNPStats software was used to determine the best interactive model of inheritance of genotypic data. Results: We found susceptibility in ASD cases when compared with controls in rs7997012 (log-additive), rs6318, and rs3813034 (overdominant) and in 1800497 and rs6265 (recessive) (P< 0.05). Heterozygosity significantly contributed to the risk of ASD for rs6318 and rs3813034 SNPs (56%, P= 0.03 and 89%, P= 0.005, respectively). The rs6318 and rs6265 SNPs were significantly associated with cases with CARS scores ≥37 (recessive) (P= 0.03 and P= 0.05, respectively). Both the rs7997012 and rs6265A variant alleles were strongly associated with ASD cases with CARS scores ≥37 (P= 0.005 and P= 0.003). Conclusions: Our study provides clear evidence of associations between all five examined biomarkers and risk for ASD. Achieving exome analyses for Saudi patients with ASD could enable to identify more genetic variants and candidate genes.
{"title":"Genetic biomarkers predict susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder through interactive models of inheritance in a Saudi community","authors":"N. Elhawary, M. Tayeb, Ikhlas Sindi, Nermeen A. Qutub, M. Rashad, A. Mufti, Arwa H Arab, A. Khogeer, Ezzeldin N Elhawary, A. Dannoun, N. Bogari","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1606555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1606555","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: To determine whether individual or interactive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may influence the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: DNA from buccal cells of 212 participants (110 cases and 102 controls) were subjected to TaqMan genotyping of the HTR2A rs7997012, HTR2C rs6318, SLC6A4 rs3813034, ANKK1 rs1800497, and BDNF rs6265 SNPs. The ASD symptoms and severity were assessed by DSM-IV criteria and CARS scores. The SNPStats software was used to determine the best interactive model of inheritance of genotypic data. Results: We found susceptibility in ASD cases when compared with controls in rs7997012 (log-additive), rs6318, and rs3813034 (overdominant) and in 1800497 and rs6265 (recessive) (P< 0.05). Heterozygosity significantly contributed to the risk of ASD for rs6318 and rs3813034 SNPs (56%, P= 0.03 and 89%, P= 0.005, respectively). The rs6318 and rs6265 SNPs were significantly associated with cases with CARS scores ≥37 (recessive) (P= 0.03 and P= 0.05, respectively). Both the rs7997012 and rs6265A variant alleles were strongly associated with ASD cases with CARS scores ≥37 (P= 0.005 and P= 0.003). Conclusions: Our study provides clear evidence of associations between all five examined biomarkers and risk for ASD. Achieving exome analyses for Saudi patients with ASD could enable to identify more genetic variants and candidate genes.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1606555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47156428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1665406
S. Mahmoodi, Mohammad Pourhassan-Moghaddam, D. Wood, Hasan Majdi, N. Zarghami
Abstract Recombinant proteins have wide applications in the development of pharmaceutical compounds, industrial applications of enzymes, and basic proteomics research. In this way, efficient production of recombinant proteins with high purity needs efficient purification methods. Various strategies have been devised to improve these proteins purification such as affinity purification and physicochemical purification methods which the affinity purification has some advantages over the others. Affinity strategies especially fusion strategies have been devised as indispensable tools for the massive parallel production, identification and purification of recombinant proteins from the host systems. These strategies facilitate commercial and industrial formulations of recombinant proteins, improve the study of protein interactions at the molecular level, and develop highly sensitive and specific bioassays. Recently, various surface-modified nanoparticles have been widely developed to enhance recovery and purification of recombinant proteins such as Hydrophobic polymer nanoparticles and Oleosin nanoparticles. In this review, we aim to discuss affinity purification technologies and address the principles, advantages, limitations and potential applications of them.
{"title":"Current affinity approaches for purification of recombinant proteins","authors":"S. Mahmoodi, Mohammad Pourhassan-Moghaddam, D. Wood, Hasan Majdi, N. Zarghami","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1665406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1665406","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recombinant proteins have wide applications in the development of pharmaceutical compounds, industrial applications of enzymes, and basic proteomics research. In this way, efficient production of recombinant proteins with high purity needs efficient purification methods. Various strategies have been devised to improve these proteins purification such as affinity purification and physicochemical purification methods which the affinity purification has some advantages over the others. Affinity strategies especially fusion strategies have been devised as indispensable tools for the massive parallel production, identification and purification of recombinant proteins from the host systems. These strategies facilitate commercial and industrial formulations of recombinant proteins, improve the study of protein interactions at the molecular level, and develop highly sensitive and specific bioassays. Recently, various surface-modified nanoparticles have been widely developed to enhance recovery and purification of recombinant proteins such as Hydrophobic polymer nanoparticles and Oleosin nanoparticles. In this review, we aim to discuss affinity purification technologies and address the principles, advantages, limitations and potential applications of them.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1665406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49062574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1568669
Bryan J. McCranor, Talearia D. Young, Justin Tressler, Laura Jennings, J. Irwin, N. Alli, Marilynda K. Abilez, Samuel Stone, M. Racine, Jennifer L. Devorak, A. Sciuto, Benjamin Wong
Abstract Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is a highly toxic metabolic poison that has the potential because of its lack of defined color, odor, and taste and its high water solubility to be intentionally or unintentionally ingested through food adulteration. Although the mechanism of action for 1080 has been known since the 1950s, no known antidote exists. In an effort to better understand the cardiopulmonary impacts of 1080, we utilized whole-body plethysmography and telemeterized Sprague-Dawley rats which allowed for the real-time measurement of respiratory and cardiac parameters following exposure using a non-invasive assisted-drinking method. Overall, the animals showed marked depression of respiratory parameters over the course of 24 h post-exposure and the development of hemorrhage in the lung tissue. Tidal volume was reduced by 30% in males and 60% in females at 24 h post-exposure, and respiratory frequency was significantly depressed as well. In telemeterized female rats, we observed severe cardiac abnormalities, highlighted by a 50% reduction in heart rate, 75% reduction in systolic blood pressure, and a 3.5-fold lengthening of the QRS interval over the course of 24 h. We also observed a reduction in core body temperature of nearly 15°C. Our study was able to describe the severe and pronounced effects of sodium fluoroacetate poisoning on cardiopulmonary function, the results of which indicate that both tissue specific and systemic deficits contribute to the toxicological progression of 1080 intoxication and will need to be accounted for when developing any potential countermeasure for 1080 poisoning.
{"title":"The cardiopulmonary effects of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) in Sprague-Dawley rats","authors":"Bryan J. McCranor, Talearia D. Young, Justin Tressler, Laura Jennings, J. Irwin, N. Alli, Marilynda K. Abilez, Samuel Stone, M. Racine, Jennifer L. Devorak, A. Sciuto, Benjamin Wong","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1568669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1568669","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is a highly toxic metabolic poison that has the potential because of its lack of defined color, odor, and taste and its high water solubility to be intentionally or unintentionally ingested through food adulteration. Although the mechanism of action for 1080 has been known since the 1950s, no known antidote exists. In an effort to better understand the cardiopulmonary impacts of 1080, we utilized whole-body plethysmography and telemeterized Sprague-Dawley rats which allowed for the real-time measurement of respiratory and cardiac parameters following exposure using a non-invasive assisted-drinking method. Overall, the animals showed marked depression of respiratory parameters over the course of 24 h post-exposure and the development of hemorrhage in the lung tissue. Tidal volume was reduced by 30% in males and 60% in females at 24 h post-exposure, and respiratory frequency was significantly depressed as well. In telemeterized female rats, we observed severe cardiac abnormalities, highlighted by a 50% reduction in heart rate, 75% reduction in systolic blood pressure, and a 3.5-fold lengthening of the QRS interval over the course of 24 h. We also observed a reduction in core body temperature of nearly 15°C. Our study was able to describe the severe and pronounced effects of sodium fluoroacetate poisoning on cardiopulmonary function, the results of which indicate that both tissue specific and systemic deficits contribute to the toxicological progression of 1080 intoxication and will need to be accounted for when developing any potential countermeasure for 1080 poisoning.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1568669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42717351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1663698
R. Arab, A. Majd, G. Tajadod, F. Rezanejad, M. Mirzaei
Abstract Maclura pomifera, a dioecious tree species, is recognized by its orange-like fruits and has a fascinating history and varied economic uses. The morphology and anatomy of female inflorescence, flower, embryo, fruit and seed development were surveyed by cyto-histological methods. The flowers and fruits were collected at different developmental stages, fixed in FAA fixative, embedded in the paraffin, sectioned using microtome, stained by hematoxylin and eosin and were photographed using light microscopy. There are 60–70 female flowers in each hairy inflorescence. Each young flower has pinkish and tetrameric perianth which surrounds the unicarpellate pistil composing of a unilocular ovary and long style. The perianth becomes fleshy and green during development and surrounds the ovary forming a drupe-like fruit with a permanent long style. The fleshy perianths and the drupes inside them produce a false multiple (accessory fruit or pseudocarp) and pomaceous fruit in which a few filled seeds are formed. Ovule primordium appears in an apical placentation and its growth direction changes during development. The ovule is ana-campylotropous, suspended, bitegmic and tenuinucellate. The embryo passes globular, heart-shaped and cotyledonary steps. Finally, the curved embryo is formed whose cotyledons constitute massive volume of ovule (seed) and endosperm is eventually degenerated. Suspensor is short and multi-celled. Ovule integument makes the membranous seed coat. The middle part of perianth contains secretory cells that is detached during development forming a soft spongy tissue. This study shows the characteristics of inflorescence and fruit architecture during development that can also clarify phylogenetic relationships among genera and in the family.
{"title":"The morphological and anatomical studies of inflorescence, flower, embryo and fruit development in Maclura pomifera (Moraceae)","authors":"R. Arab, A. Majd, G. Tajadod, F. Rezanejad, M. Mirzaei","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1663698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1663698","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Maclura pomifera, a dioecious tree species, is recognized by its orange-like fruits and has a fascinating history and varied economic uses. The morphology and anatomy of female inflorescence, flower, embryo, fruit and seed development were surveyed by cyto-histological methods. The flowers and fruits were collected at different developmental stages, fixed in FAA fixative, embedded in the paraffin, sectioned using microtome, stained by hematoxylin and eosin and were photographed using light microscopy. There are 60–70 female flowers in each hairy inflorescence. Each young flower has pinkish and tetrameric perianth which surrounds the unicarpellate pistil composing of a unilocular ovary and long style. The perianth becomes fleshy and green during development and surrounds the ovary forming a drupe-like fruit with a permanent long style. The fleshy perianths and the drupes inside them produce a false multiple (accessory fruit or pseudocarp) and pomaceous fruit in which a few filled seeds are formed. Ovule primordium appears in an apical placentation and its growth direction changes during development. The ovule is ana-campylotropous, suspended, bitegmic and tenuinucellate. The embryo passes globular, heart-shaped and cotyledonary steps. Finally, the curved embryo is formed whose cotyledons constitute massive volume of ovule (seed) and endosperm is eventually degenerated. Suspensor is short and multi-celled. Ovule integument makes the membranous seed coat. The middle part of perianth contains secretory cells that is detached during development forming a soft spongy tissue. This study shows the characteristics of inflorescence and fruit architecture during development that can also clarify phylogenetic relationships among genera and in the family.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1663698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42886946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-12DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2018.1450917
Jie Yang
AbstractPeptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are innate immunity proteins that are conserved from insects to mammals. Related research results show the functions of PGLYRP1 in the innate immu...
{"title":"Human peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 in innate immunity","authors":"Jie Yang","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2018.1450917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2018.1450917","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractPeptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are innate immunity proteins that are conserved from insects to mammals. Related research results show the functions of PGLYRP1 in the innate immu...","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2018.1450917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60091328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2018.1459010
Z. Sawan
Abstract Cotton is the principal crop of Egyptian agriculture, it is grown mainly for its fiber, but cottonseed products are also of economic importance. Cottonseed is presently the main source of edible oil and meal for livestock in Egypt. Economic conditions in modern agriculture demand high crop yields in order to be profitable and consequently meet the high demand for food that comes with population growth. Oil crop production can be improved by development of new high yielding varieties, and the application of appropriate agronomic practices. There is limited information about the most suitable management practice for application of N, P, K, Zn, Ca, and PGRs in order to optimize the quantity and quality of oil and protein of cottonseed. In maximizing the quantity and quality of a crop’s nutritional value in terms of fatty acids and protein, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, foliar application of zinc and calcium, the use of a plant growth retardant (Pix), on cottonseed, protein, oil yields, and oil properties of Egyptian cotton. From the findings of this study, it seems rational to recommended applied of N, P, K, foliar application of Zn and Ca, the use of PGR Pix, could bring about better impact on cottonseed yield, seed protein content, oil and protein yields, oil refractive index, unsaponifiable matter, and unsaturated fatty acids in comparison with the ordinary cultural practices adopted by Egyptian cotton producers.
{"title":"Mineral fertilizers and plant growth retardants: Its effects on cottonseed yield; its quality and contents","authors":"Z. Sawan","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2018.1459010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2018.1459010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cotton is the principal crop of Egyptian agriculture, it is grown mainly for its fiber, but cottonseed products are also of economic importance. Cottonseed is presently the main source of edible oil and meal for livestock in Egypt. Economic conditions in modern agriculture demand high crop yields in order to be profitable and consequently meet the high demand for food that comes with population growth. Oil crop production can be improved by development of new high yielding varieties, and the application of appropriate agronomic practices. There is limited information about the most suitable management practice for application of N, P, K, Zn, Ca, and PGRs in order to optimize the quantity and quality of oil and protein of cottonseed. In maximizing the quantity and quality of a crop’s nutritional value in terms of fatty acids and protein, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, foliar application of zinc and calcium, the use of a plant growth retardant (Pix), on cottonseed, protein, oil yields, and oil properties of Egyptian cotton. From the findings of this study, it seems rational to recommended applied of N, P, K, foliar application of Zn and Ca, the use of PGR Pix, could bring about better impact on cottonseed yield, seed protein content, oil and protein yields, oil refractive index, unsaponifiable matter, and unsaturated fatty acids in comparison with the ordinary cultural practices adopted by Egyptian cotton producers.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2018.1459010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44512146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2018.1456738
F. Yasmin, A. Ideris, A. Omar, M. Bejo, R. Islam, T. Wei, Tan Ching Giap, K. Ahmad
Abstract To characterize field strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in Malaysia, selected gene target-specific sequences to MG, hemagglutinin protein A (pMGA) and phase variable putative adhesion protein A (pvpA) genes, were amplified from positive MG samples using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 25 MG-positive samples out of 94 field samples were sequenced with primer targeting pMGA and pvpA genes. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using bioinformatics softwares (Bioedit and MEGA 5) and genetic variation patterns were evaluated based on partial nucleotide sequencing of pMGA and pvpA genes. In case of pMGA, all 25 field strains showed similar gene size patterns with strains of pathogenic reference (MGS6) and vaccine (MG F), which were different from the PCR product size of less pathogenic vaccine strain (TS 11). However, pvpA partial nucleotide sequences of MG local strains showed that 20 out of 25 strains possessed similar gene size pattern with MG F, which were different from MGS6 and TS 11. In conclusion, based on the molecular characterization from phylogenetic analysis of pMGA and pvpA partial nucleotide sequences, it was found that Malaysian MG strains were different from strains reported in other countries.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of field strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Malaysia through pMGA and pVPA genes sequencing","authors":"F. Yasmin, A. Ideris, A. Omar, M. Bejo, R. Islam, T. Wei, Tan Ching Giap, K. Ahmad","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2018.1456738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2018.1456738","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To characterize field strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in Malaysia, selected gene target-specific sequences to MG, hemagglutinin protein A (pMGA) and phase variable putative adhesion protein A (pvpA) genes, were amplified from positive MG samples using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 25 MG-positive samples out of 94 field samples were sequenced with primer targeting pMGA and pvpA genes. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using bioinformatics softwares (Bioedit and MEGA 5) and genetic variation patterns were evaluated based on partial nucleotide sequencing of pMGA and pvpA genes. In case of pMGA, all 25 field strains showed similar gene size patterns with strains of pathogenic reference (MGS6) and vaccine (MG F), which were different from the PCR product size of less pathogenic vaccine strain (TS 11). However, pvpA partial nucleotide sequences of MG local strains showed that 20 out of 25 strains possessed similar gene size pattern with MG F, which were different from MGS6 and TS 11. In conclusion, based on the molecular characterization from phylogenetic analysis of pMGA and pvpA partial nucleotide sequences, it was found that Malaysian MG strains were different from strains reported in other countries.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2018.1456738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43866005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2018.1480338
Parth Pandya, A. Upadhyay, Bhumi Thakkar, Pragna Parikh
Abstract The agricultural sector is considered to be the backbone of a countries economy. To increase the crop yield, there is an extensive use of agrochemicals in the form of insecticides, herbicides, nutrient mixture, fungicides, etc. This is necessarily involved in controlling the unwanted organisms; however, it leads to toxicity in a nearby ecosystem. Aquatic habitats being a complexed ecosystem are distressed with the increasing concentration of agrochemicals, which leads to an alteration in nontarget species at various trophic levels. Fishes are considered to be the dynamic players of this ecosystem and are the first one to be acquainted with any contaminants present in it. In this context, the present study was aimed to find the sublethal effects (1/10th of the LC50 value) of four different agrochemicals (imidacloprid—insecticide, pyrazosulfuron ethyl—herbicide, curzate—fungicide and micronutrient mixture) on the stress physiology of Oreochromis mossambicus. The hormonal titer of cortisol and gene expression of its receptor was carried out to understand the toxicity of diverse agrochemicals. The results suggested that there was a significant decrease in hormonal titer of cortisol upon the exposure of curzate and imidacloprid, with a significant downregulation of glucocorticoid receptor under the exposure of imidacloprid. Thus, the novel findings suggest that fishes were found to be devoid of stress response which may be due to hypothalamus pituitary interrenal exhaustion.
{"title":"Evaluating the toxicological effects of agrochemicals on glucocorticoid receptor and serum cortisol level in Mozambique tilapia","authors":"Parth Pandya, A. Upadhyay, Bhumi Thakkar, Pragna Parikh","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2018.1480338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2018.1480338","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The agricultural sector is considered to be the backbone of a countries economy. To increase the crop yield, there is an extensive use of agrochemicals in the form of insecticides, herbicides, nutrient mixture, fungicides, etc. This is necessarily involved in controlling the unwanted organisms; however, it leads to toxicity in a nearby ecosystem. Aquatic habitats being a complexed ecosystem are distressed with the increasing concentration of agrochemicals, which leads to an alteration in nontarget species at various trophic levels. Fishes are considered to be the dynamic players of this ecosystem and are the first one to be acquainted with any contaminants present in it. In this context, the present study was aimed to find the sublethal effects (1/10th of the LC50 value) of four different agrochemicals (imidacloprid—insecticide, pyrazosulfuron ethyl—herbicide, curzate—fungicide and micronutrient mixture) on the stress physiology of Oreochromis mossambicus. The hormonal titer of cortisol and gene expression of its receptor was carried out to understand the toxicity of diverse agrochemicals. The results suggested that there was a significant decrease in hormonal titer of cortisol upon the exposure of curzate and imidacloprid, with a significant downregulation of glucocorticoid receptor under the exposure of imidacloprid. Thus, the novel findings suggest that fishes were found to be devoid of stress response which may be due to hypothalamus pituitary interrenal exhaustion.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2018.1480338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44170743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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