Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1619219
M. Tahir, N. Anwar, Syed Inayat Ali Shah, T. Khan
Abstract In this subsection, we presented a mathematical model of Ebola virus (EBOV) proposed by susceptible exposed infected recovered (SEIR) model. In our model, the population is affected by animals. EBOV is an infectious agent causing haemorraghic fever, a severe infectious disease characterised by high fever and bleeding, in humans and some monkeys. Here, we assessed the transmissibility associated with the infection stages of EBOV that generated an epidemic model. In order to do this, in the first step, we formulate the model, and the basic properties of the proposed model are presented. The basic reproductive number is obtained by using the next generation matrix approach. Then, all the endemic equilibrium points related to the disease are derived. We also find the conditions to investigate all possible equilibria of the model in terms of the basic reproduction number (local and global stability). In last, numerical simulation is presented with and without vaccination or control for the proposed model.
{"title":"Modeling and stability analysis of epidemic expansion disease Ebola virus with implications prevention in population","authors":"M. Tahir, N. Anwar, Syed Inayat Ali Shah, T. Khan","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1619219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1619219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this subsection, we presented a mathematical model of Ebola virus (EBOV) proposed by susceptible exposed infected recovered (SEIR) model. In our model, the population is affected by animals. EBOV is an infectious agent causing haemorraghic fever, a severe infectious disease characterised by high fever and bleeding, in humans and some monkeys. Here, we assessed the transmissibility associated with the infection stages of EBOV that generated an epidemic model. In order to do this, in the first step, we formulate the model, and the basic properties of the proposed model are presented. The basic reproductive number is obtained by using the next generation matrix approach. Then, all the endemic equilibrium points related to the disease are derived. We also find the conditions to investigate all possible equilibria of the model in terms of the basic reproduction number (local and global stability). In last, numerical simulation is presented with and without vaccination or control for the proposed model.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1619219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48809752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1596526
Lovely Kris Acuram, Christine L. Chichioco Hernandez
Abstract Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. using in-vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition assay was employed to purify the two compounds, namely: quercetin-3-O-glucoside (1) and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (2). Compound 1 has a significant % of inhibition at varying concentrations: 7 ug/ml (56.37 ± 0.0059%), 15 ug/ml (59.16 ± 0.0137%) and 28 ug/ml (75.74 ± 0.0161%). The methanol extract was found to contain 180.15 ug/ml of compound 1 for every 2 mg/ml of methanol extract after standardization. Furthermore, oral administration of M. oleifera crude extracts did not present acute toxicity in mice. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts have significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or L-NAME induced hypertensive mice (90.97 ± 0.7975 mm Hg in methanolic extract treated mice; 87.71 ± 0.9623 mm Hg in ethyl acetate-treated mice versus 89.21 ± 0.8025 mm Hg in control group).
摘要:采用生物测定法分离辣木粗提物。采用体外血管紧张素转换酶抑制法纯化槲皮素-3- o -葡萄糖苷(1)和山奈酚-3- o -葡萄糖苷(2)。化合物1在7 ug/ml(56.37±0.0059%)、15 ug/ml(59.16±0.0137%)和28 ug/ml(75.74±0.0161%)的浓度下具有显著的抑制率。标准化后甲醇提取物中每2mg /ml甲醇提取物中化合物1的含量为180.15 ug/ml。此外，口服油桐粗提物对小鼠没有急性毒性。甲醇和乙酸乙酯提取物显著降低n ω-硝基- l -精氨酸甲酯和L-NAME诱导的高血压小鼠的收缩压(90.97±0.7975 mm Hg);乙酸乙酯处理小鼠为87.71±0.9623 mm Hg，对照组为89.21±0.8025 mm Hg)。
{"title":"Anti-hypertensive effect of Moringa oleifera Lam","authors":"Lovely Kris Acuram, Christine L. Chichioco Hernandez","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1596526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1596526","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. using in-vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition assay was employed to purify the two compounds, namely: quercetin-3-O-glucoside (1) and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (2). Compound 1 has a significant % of inhibition at varying concentrations: 7 ug/ml (56.37 ± 0.0059%), 15 ug/ml (59.16 ± 0.0137%) and 28 ug/ml (75.74 ± 0.0161%). The methanol extract was found to contain 180.15 ug/ml of compound 1 for every 2 mg/ml of methanol extract after standardization. Furthermore, oral administration of M. oleifera crude extracts did not present acute toxicity in mice. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts have significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or L-NAME induced hypertensive mice (90.97 ± 0.7975 mm Hg in methanolic extract treated mice; 87.71 ± 0.9623 mm Hg in ethyl acetate-treated mice versus 89.21 ± 0.8025 mm Hg in control group).","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1596526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43651357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1584955
J. Lewis, Brandy A. Smith, Heaton Oakes, R. Holman, K. Rodnick
Abstract Acetaldehyde is a physiological species existing in blood. Glyceraldehyde is a commonly used surrogate for glucose in studies of nonenzymatic glycation. Both species exist in dynamic equilibrium between two forms, an aldehyde and a hydrate. Nonenzymatic covalent protein modification (NECPM) is a process whereby a protein is covalently modified by a non-glucose species. The purpose here was to elucidate the NECPM mechanism(s) for acetaldehyde and glyceraldehyde with human hemoglobin (HbA). For the first time, both aldehydic and hydrate forms of acetaldehyde and glyceraldehyde were considered. Computations and model reactions followed by 1H NMR were employed. Results demonstrated that the aldehyde and hydrate forms of acetaldehyde bind and covalently-modify Val1 of HbA via different chemical mechanisms, yet generated an identical protonated Schiff base (PSB). The aldehyde and hydrate of glyceraldehyde also covalently modified Val1 via mechanisms distinct from one another, yet generated an identical PSB. It is noteworthy that the PSB from acetaldehyde and glyceraldehyde were different structures. The PSB from acetaldehyde is proposed to proceed to covalent adducts that have been implicated in alcohol toxicity. Conversely, the PSB generated from glyceraldehyde can form an Amadori which has been implicated in diabetic complications. Thus, the PSB structure generated from acetaldehyde versus glyceraldehyde may be central to pathophysiological outcomes because it determines the structure of the stable covalent adduct formed.
{"title":"New evidence for the diversity of mechanisms and protonated Schiff bases formed in the non-enzymatic covalent protein modification (NECPM) of HbA by the hydrate and aldehydic forms of acetaldehyde and glyceraldehyde","authors":"J. Lewis, Brandy A. Smith, Heaton Oakes, R. Holman, K. Rodnick","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1584955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1584955","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acetaldehyde is a physiological species existing in blood. Glyceraldehyde is a commonly used surrogate for glucose in studies of nonenzymatic glycation. Both species exist in dynamic equilibrium between two forms, an aldehyde and a hydrate. Nonenzymatic covalent protein modification (NECPM) is a process whereby a protein is covalently modified by a non-glucose species. The purpose here was to elucidate the NECPM mechanism(s) for acetaldehyde and glyceraldehyde with human hemoglobin (HbA). For the first time, both aldehydic and hydrate forms of acetaldehyde and glyceraldehyde were considered. Computations and model reactions followed by 1H NMR were employed. Results demonstrated that the aldehyde and hydrate forms of acetaldehyde bind and covalently-modify Val1 of HbA via different chemical mechanisms, yet generated an identical protonated Schiff base (PSB). The aldehyde and hydrate of glyceraldehyde also covalently modified Val1 via mechanisms distinct from one another, yet generated an identical PSB. It is noteworthy that the PSB from acetaldehyde and glyceraldehyde were different structures. The PSB from acetaldehyde is proposed to proceed to covalent adducts that have been implicated in alcohol toxicity. Conversely, the PSB generated from glyceraldehyde can form an Amadori which has been implicated in diabetic complications. Thus, the PSB structure generated from acetaldehyde versus glyceraldehyde may be central to pathophysiological outcomes because it determines the structure of the stable covalent adduct formed.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1584955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42693926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1648628
Monireh Ghorbani, A. Shiravi, G. Vaezi, H. Sepehri, V. Hojati, V. Khori
Abstract The present study was formulated in order to evaluate the effect of gavage of walnut oil enriched with different doses of a phytosterol, i.e. β-sitosterol (30, 45 and 60 mg kg−1) on liver tissue in diabetic rats. Walnut oil was extracted through cold press method and analyses of the extracted oil were performed by gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Determination of liver tissue was carried out through staining via three protocols, i.e. hematoxylin and eosin (H&E stain), trichrome, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The results of the present study revealed that gavage of the extracted oil from the walnut enriched with medium and high doses of β-sitosterol could improve liver tissue condition in the diabetic rats. These results indicate that the herbal treatment introduced in this study could be considered a potential non-insulin method to treat diabetic patients.
{"title":"A non-insulin herbal treatment to improve liver tissue in diabetic rats through gavage of walnut oil enriched with a phytosterol","authors":"Monireh Ghorbani, A. Shiravi, G. Vaezi, H. Sepehri, V. Hojati, V. Khori","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1648628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1648628","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study was formulated in order to evaluate the effect of gavage of walnut oil enriched with different doses of a phytosterol, i.e. β-sitosterol (30, 45 and 60 mg kg−1) on liver tissue in diabetic rats. Walnut oil was extracted through cold press method and analyses of the extracted oil were performed by gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Determination of liver tissue was carried out through staining via three protocols, i.e. hematoxylin and eosin (H&E stain), trichrome, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The results of the present study revealed that gavage of the extracted oil from the walnut enriched with medium and high doses of β-sitosterol could improve liver tissue condition in the diabetic rats. These results indicate that the herbal treatment introduced in this study could be considered a potential non-insulin method to treat diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1648628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44695720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1673688
Wenli Sun, M. H. Shahrajabian, Q. Cheng
Abstract Aromatic plants such as anise seed have a long traditional use in both folk and conventional medicine and of course in the pharmaceutical industry. Important compounds found in anise seed include estragol, p-anisaldehyde, anise alcohol, acetophenone, pinene, and limonene, but the most important volatile oil that gives the characteristic sweet, aromatic flavor to seeds is anethole. The recent studies have shown that anise seeds and essential oil have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastro-protective, antidiabetic, and antiviral activities. Other important benefits of anise seeds are stimulant, carminative, expectorant, insecticide, vermifuge, digestive, antispasmodic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antiepileptic, antihysteric, culinary significance, keeps the heart strong by its importance role to control the blood pressure, one of the best gas-releasing agent, eases many hormonal problems in females, hair benefits, skin benefits, and it may reduce symptoms of depression. Anise seed and its extract also use in savory dishes, baked goods, and different drinks in both ancient and modern time. Anise seeds are good source of many essential B-complex vitamins such as pyridoxine, niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin. The seeds are also important source of minerals like calcium, copper, potassium, iron, manganese, magnesium, and zinc. Antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C and A can also be found in the spice. More clinical studies are necessary to uncover the numerous substances and their effects in ginseng that contribute to public health.
{"title":"Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), a dominant spice and traditional medicinal herb for both food and medicinal purposes","authors":"Wenli Sun, M. H. Shahrajabian, Q. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1673688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1673688","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aromatic plants such as anise seed have a long traditional use in both folk and conventional medicine and of course in the pharmaceutical industry. Important compounds found in anise seed include estragol, p-anisaldehyde, anise alcohol, acetophenone, pinene, and limonene, but the most important volatile oil that gives the characteristic sweet, aromatic flavor to seeds is anethole. The recent studies have shown that anise seeds and essential oil have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastro-protective, antidiabetic, and antiviral activities. Other important benefits of anise seeds are stimulant, carminative, expectorant, insecticide, vermifuge, digestive, antispasmodic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antiepileptic, antihysteric, culinary significance, keeps the heart strong by its importance role to control the blood pressure, one of the best gas-releasing agent, eases many hormonal problems in females, hair benefits, skin benefits, and it may reduce symptoms of depression. Anise seed and its extract also use in savory dishes, baked goods, and different drinks in both ancient and modern time. Anise seeds are good source of many essential B-complex vitamins such as pyridoxine, niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin. The seeds are also important source of minerals like calcium, copper, potassium, iron, manganese, magnesium, and zinc. Antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C and A can also be found in the spice. More clinical studies are necessary to uncover the numerous substances and their effects in ginseng that contribute to public health.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1673688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42943895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2018.1564525
H. Muhammed, B. Ibrahim, D. Balogu, M. C. Isah, A. Musa
Abstract The biodiversity of the fishes of Tagwai Reservoir, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria was conducted for a duration of four months (January-April 2018). A set of experimental gill nets comprising nine multifilament nets of stretched meshes 25.4 mm, 38.1,50.8, 63.5, 76.2, 88.9, 101.6, 127.0 and 177.8 mm were used to sample the shore, surface and bottom water habitats of the reservoir. Seven species of fish belonging to five families were recorded. The most dominant fish family by number was Cichlidae, with two species Tilapia zillii (17.95 ± 4.43) and Chromidotilapia guntheri guntheri (4.91 ± 1.47) followed by Characidae with species Alestes macrolopidotus (2.11 ± 0.45), Mochokidae family with Synodontis vermiculatus (1.63 ± 0.27), Claridae with two species Clarias anguillarias (0.60 ± 0.11) and Clarias albopunctatus (0.75 ± 0.25), and, Family Hepsetidae with species Hepsetus odoe (1.16 ± 0.30). Bottom water habitat shows the presence of all the fish families with their species, while the shore and surface water habitat harbour species Tilapia zilli and Chromidotilapia guntheri guntheri of family Cichlidae, Synodontis vermiculatus of family Mochokidae and Alestes macrolopidotus of family Characidae. The study revealed that species Hepsetus odoe of family Hepsetidae, and species Clarias anguillarias and Clarias albopunctatus of family Claridae were only present in the bottom water habitat of Tagwai reservoir. Kwata Bello sampling station recorded the highest population (15.18 ± 1.56) of fish catch during the sampling period, while the least catch of fish population (3.18 ± 0.32) was recorded at Kwata Birgi sampling station. The family Cichlidae with population (22.86 ± 2.86) has the highest distribution in the reservoir. This indicates that Tagwai reservoir has therefore become unique compared to most other tropical man-made lakes and reservoirs in Africa, where Cichlids dominate the fishery soon after impoundment.
{"title":"Biodiversity of fishes of Tagwai reservoir, Minna, Niger state, Nigeria","authors":"H. Muhammed, B. Ibrahim, D. Balogu, M. C. Isah, A. Musa","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2018.1564525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2018.1564525","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The biodiversity of the fishes of Tagwai Reservoir, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria was conducted for a duration of four months (January-April 2018). A set of experimental gill nets comprising nine multifilament nets of stretched meshes 25.4 mm, 38.1,50.8, 63.5, 76.2, 88.9, 101.6, 127.0 and 177.8 mm were used to sample the shore, surface and bottom water habitats of the reservoir. Seven species of fish belonging to five families were recorded. The most dominant fish family by number was Cichlidae, with two species Tilapia zillii (17.95 ± 4.43) and Chromidotilapia guntheri guntheri (4.91 ± 1.47) followed by Characidae with species Alestes macrolopidotus (2.11 ± 0.45), Mochokidae family with Synodontis vermiculatus (1.63 ± 0.27), Claridae with two species Clarias anguillarias (0.60 ± 0.11) and Clarias albopunctatus (0.75 ± 0.25), and, Family Hepsetidae with species Hepsetus odoe (1.16 ± 0.30). Bottom water habitat shows the presence of all the fish families with their species, while the shore and surface water habitat harbour species Tilapia zilli and Chromidotilapia guntheri guntheri of family Cichlidae, Synodontis vermiculatus of family Mochokidae and Alestes macrolopidotus of family Characidae. The study revealed that species Hepsetus odoe of family Hepsetidae, and species Clarias anguillarias and Clarias albopunctatus of family Claridae were only present in the bottom water habitat of Tagwai reservoir. Kwata Bello sampling station recorded the highest population (15.18 ± 1.56) of fish catch during the sampling period, while the least catch of fish population (3.18 ± 0.32) was recorded at Kwata Birgi sampling station. The family Cichlidae with population (22.86 ± 2.86) has the highest distribution in the reservoir. This indicates that Tagwai reservoir has therefore become unique compared to most other tropical man-made lakes and reservoirs in Africa, where Cichlids dominate the fishery soon after impoundment.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2018.1564525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43554749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1592274
T. Hommura, K. Dan, S. Kanzaki, Kenji Watanabe, K. Ogawa
Abstract The mechanisms of action of Kampo medicines as treatments for allergic rhinitis are unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify novel potential therapeutic agents for allergic rhinitis and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Different components of Kampo medicines (crude drugs) were screened for their ability to inhibit the secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine secreted during allergen exposure. Synephrine (SYN) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. In an early-phase allergic reaction, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and its receptor are activated, leading to the secretion of TSLP. Mucins are thought to be produced as a late-phase reaction. We examined the action of SYN in cultures of human nasal epithelial cells both during mono-stimulation and co-stimulation with activating agents. Based on its inhibition of the histamine H1 receptor and HDC mRNA expression, SYN was assumed to reduce the histamine production. Increased expression of the HDC protein was confirmed in tissues of patients with allergic rhinitis via western blotting. In addition, SYN inhibited TSLP at the mRNA and protein levels and inhibited mucin 5AC mRNA expression. Its inhibitory effects on both early- and late-phase allergic reactions indicate that SYN can serve as a novel therapeutic agent with potential leukotriene antagonist-like activity.
{"title":"Evaluation of the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of synephrine, a component of Kampo medicine, against allergic rhinitis","authors":"T. Hommura, K. Dan, S. Kanzaki, Kenji Watanabe, K. Ogawa","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1592274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1592274","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mechanisms of action of Kampo medicines as treatments for allergic rhinitis are unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify novel potential therapeutic agents for allergic rhinitis and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Different components of Kampo medicines (crude drugs) were screened for their ability to inhibit the secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine secreted during allergen exposure. Synephrine (SYN) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. In an early-phase allergic reaction, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and its receptor are activated, leading to the secretion of TSLP. Mucins are thought to be produced as a late-phase reaction. We examined the action of SYN in cultures of human nasal epithelial cells both during mono-stimulation and co-stimulation with activating agents. Based on its inhibition of the histamine H1 receptor and HDC mRNA expression, SYN was assumed to reduce the histamine production. Increased expression of the HDC protein was confirmed in tissues of patients with allergic rhinitis via western blotting. In addition, SYN inhibited TSLP at the mRNA and protein levels and inhibited mucin 5AC mRNA expression. Its inhibitory effects on both early- and late-phase allergic reactions indicate that SYN can serve as a novel therapeutic agent with potential leukotriene antagonist-like activity.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1592274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41367273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1660494
A. George, C. Rao, S. Rahangadale
Abstract Most commonly followed practice to manage sucking insect pests during flushing season in citrus by citrus growers is foliar application of insecticides. Leaf dip bioassays for insecticides, viz., acephate 75 SP, dimethoate 30 EC, quinalphos 25 EC, chlorpyriphos 20 EC, spinosad 45 SC, imidacloprid 17.8 SL and thiamethoxam 25 WG, were conducted to assess the susceptibility of field collected Aphis gossypii and Aphis spiraecola (Hemiptera–Aphididae) adults. In general, the resistance ratio (RR) values indicated that the current levels in aphid population from major citrus belts of Maharashtra are in very low resistance category. Among seven insecticides tested on adult aphids collected from Nagpur, Amravati and Wardha districts during 2013–2015, neonicotinoid group proved the most effective in causing mortality as indicated by the lower LC50 values (0.01–0.04 ppm for imidacloprid; 0.03–0.05 ppm for thiamethoxam). Among the three locations, Amravati population has registered comparatively higher RR values indicating less susceptibility to insecticides. RR values calculated based on the base population indicated that the current resistance levels are between no and very low levels (1 < RR < 10).
{"title":"Current status of insecticide resistance in Aphis gossypii and Aphis spiraecola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under central Indian conditions in citrus","authors":"A. George, C. Rao, S. Rahangadale","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1660494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1660494","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most commonly followed practice to manage sucking insect pests during flushing season in citrus by citrus growers is foliar application of insecticides. Leaf dip bioassays for insecticides, viz., acephate 75 SP, dimethoate 30 EC, quinalphos 25 EC, chlorpyriphos 20 EC, spinosad 45 SC, imidacloprid 17.8 SL and thiamethoxam 25 WG, were conducted to assess the susceptibility of field collected Aphis gossypii and Aphis spiraecola (Hemiptera–Aphididae) adults. In general, the resistance ratio (RR) values indicated that the current levels in aphid population from major citrus belts of Maharashtra are in very low resistance category. Among seven insecticides tested on adult aphids collected from Nagpur, Amravati and Wardha districts during 2013–2015, neonicotinoid group proved the most effective in causing mortality as indicated by the lower LC50 values (0.01–0.04 ppm for imidacloprid; 0.03–0.05 ppm for thiamethoxam). Among the three locations, Amravati population has registered comparatively higher RR values indicating less susceptibility to insecticides. RR values calculated based on the base population indicated that the current resistance levels are between no and very low levels (1 < RR < 10).","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1660494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46508950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1668212
Z. Rezaei, Z. Dehbashi, F. Hoseini, Hoora Amuzegar
Abstract Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a serious complication of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). Some studies show that intravenous calcium infusion decreases the risk of OHSS in high-risk patients. Some life-threatening complications may occur following intravenous calcium gluconate infusion, but oral calcium carbonate is a cheap and easy-to-use medication with no/minor side-effects. The present clinical trial was therefore designed to identify the role of oral calcium in OHSS prevention in high-risk patients. A total of 99 patients who had received an antagonist protocol for ovarian stimulation in their ART cycles and were at risk of OHSS were recruited for the study. The patients were allocated into two groups to receive either 500-mg BID calcium carbonate tablets or placebo tablets from their puncture date for five days. The findings showed no significant differences in oocyte and grade A, B and C embryo counts between the two groups. Moreover, the clinical pregnancy rate and the frequency of OHSS symptoms were not significantly different between the two groups. The frequencies of mild, moderate and severe OHSS were not significantly different between the two groups either. Since oral calcium is an easy-to-use method with limited side-effects, we recommend further studies to examine its effects on OHSS prevention in high-risk patients.
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