Clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The associations between irregular breakfast and late-night snacking with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","authors":"Wenzai Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Suo ,&nbsp;Yiming Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Yao ,&nbsp;Siyu Xing ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Wei ,&nbsp;Delin Ma ,&nbsp;Jiye Zhu ,&nbsp;Qingsong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The newly coined term Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes the critical role of metabolic risk factors in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. The consumption of irregular breakfasts or late-night snacks has been identified as a factor closely associated with disruptions in the body's energy homeostasis and metabolic balance. However, the relationship between these behaviors and MASLD has not been previously examined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants in this study were recruited from the Kailuan cohort, a prospective cohort. All participants completed questionnaires regarding breakfast and late-night snack frequencies. The primary outcomes were MASLD and MASLD with increased alcohol intake (MetALD). Cox regression analysis was utilized to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for MASLD and MetALD in different groups. Mediation analysis was used to assess the mediating effect of BMI on this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 32,030 participants were included in the study. Both irregular breakfast consumption and late-night snacking were associated with an increased risk of MASLD. Compared to participants who consumed regular breakfast and no late-night snacks, the risk of MASLD was elevated in participants who consumed regular breakfast but late-night snacks (HR = 1.12, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.20), irregular breakfast but no late-night snacking (HR = 1.16, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.27), irregular breakfast and late-night snacking (HR = 1.26, 95 % CI: 1.13–1.42), never ate breakfast and no late-night snacking (HR = 1.33, 95 % CI: 1.23–1.44), and never ate breakfast and late-night snacking (HR = 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.30–1.77).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Irregular or skipped breakfast and late-night snacking were associated with an increased risk of MASLD and MetALD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ketogenic and low-carbohydrate diets on the body composition of adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","authors":"Leona Yuen-Ling Leung ,&nbsp;Hon-Lon Tam ,&nbsp;Jonathan Ka-Ming Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>More than one-third of individuals are overweight and obese in the world. Their risks of chronic health conditions are increased, which places additional burden on their family, caregivers, and healthcare system. Dietary modification is widely used for overweight and obese individuals. We investigated the effects of ketogenic diet (KD) and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) in improving body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), and body fat percentage (BFP) in overweight or obese individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A three-step approach was adopted for searching relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) across five electronic databases. Two reviewers conducted the screening, review, and quality appraisal independently. A random-effects model was used because of variations in intervention and participant characteristics. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess heterogeneity and variations in the results, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-three RCTs involving 2821 individuals were included. Overall meta-analysis results indicated that KD/LCD significantly reduced BW, BMI, and BFP, but not FM, in individuals with a carbohydrate intake of ≤100 g/d. Subgroup analyses revealed significant improvements in BW, BMI, and FM in individuals on KD/LCD for ≥1 month and in all parameters for those with a carbohydrate intake of ≤50 g/d. High statistical heterogeneity was noted because of variations in interventions and participant characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Adults with overweight or obesity should consume KD/LCD for ≥1 month and limit carbohydrate intake to ≤50 g/d. Further multicentre or multicountry RCTs are needed to improve the generalisability of our findings. We recommend integrating text messaging and evidence-based information to support interventions and ensuring stringent medical supervision throughout the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3><div>CRD42022353074.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns modify the association between body mass index and mortality in older adults","authors":"Shu-Yi Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hui Lu ,&nbsp;Jason Leung ,&nbsp;Yi Su ,&nbsp;Blanche Yu ,&nbsp;Timothy Kwok","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The potential modifying roles of dietary patterns in the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in older adults remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the stratified and combined associations of dietary patterns and BMI with all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study included 3982 Chinese community-dwelling older adults between 2001 and 2003. A 280-item validated food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate five dietary indies: Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet. Higher DQI-I scores indicate better overall diet quality, while higher DII scores represent a pro-inflammatory diet. Higher MDS, DASH, and MIND scores indicate greater adherence to these healthy dietary patterns. Mortality data were obtained from official records. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 16.8 years, there were 1879 all-cause deaths, 561 cancer deaths, and 386 CVD deaths. The J-shaped associations between BMI with all-cause and cancer mortality were weaker in healthier dietary patterns (DQI-I, MDS, DASH, MIND ≥median or DII &lt;median) than in unhealthier dietary patterns (DQI-I, MDS, DASH, MIND &lt;median or DII ≥median). Lower DQI-I scores were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in participants with underweight (HR: 1.78; 95 % CI: 1.40–2.26) or obesity (HR: 1.25; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.53), while higher DQI-I scores did not have significantly higher risk in participants with underweight (HR:1.24, 95 % CI: 0.94–1.65) or obesity (HR:1.03, 95 % CI: 0.82–1.28), with those having higher DQI-I scores and normal weight as the reference. Higher DQI-I scores attenuated the excess risk of cancer mortality in the underweight or the obese. Similar trends were observed for other dietary patterns. For CVD mortality, lower DII and higher MIND scores reduced the elevated risk associated with obesity, but this modifying effect was not observed in other dietary patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher diet quality attenuated the increased risks of all-cause and cancer mortality associated with underweight or obesity in older adults. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative diets may protect against CVD mortality associated with obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between hyponatremia and mortality in patients receiving nutrition support","authors":"Nayu Nakamura ,&nbsp;Arisa Inoue-Hamano ,&nbsp;Seiya Inoue ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Hamada","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Hyponatremia is frequently seen in clinical practice, but most cases are mild and asymptomatic and therefore often go unmanaged. In recent years, it has been reported that the onset or improvement of hyponatremia, even in mild cases, has an impact on mortality and that hyponatremia is directly related to increased mortality. In addition, it has been reported that patients with Nutrition Support Team (NST) are more likely to develop hyponatremia than the general hospitalized population. This study aimed to determine the association between the development and amelioration of hyponatremia and mortality in patients with NST.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 1553 patients who underwent initial NST intervention from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2017 were included. Hyponatremia was defined as hyponatremia &lt;138 mEq/L and normal serum sodium level was defined as 138–145 mEq/L based on the laboratory reference values of our hospital. Hyponatremia was defined as L and normal sodium as N. Based on sodium levels at the start and end of the intervention, the population was classified into four groups, L–L, N–L, L–N, and N–N (sodium level at the start of intervention – sodium level at the end of intervention), and the 5-year survival rate curve and hazard ratio for death for each group were calculated. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis revealed that the L–L group with persistent hyponatremia (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.47, vs N–N, p &lt; 0.0001) had the highest risk of death, while the L–N group with improved hyponatremia (HR = 2.19, vs N–N, p &lt; 0.0001) had a significantly lower risk than the L–L group. The risk of death was also increased in the L–N and N–L groups (HR = 1.97, vs. N–N, p &lt;&lt; 0.0001) after even one episode of hyponatremia compared to the N–N group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this study indicate that hyponatremia is associated with poor survival in patients undergoing NST. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether correction of hyponatremia leads to improved survival in patients undergoing NST to clarify the need for prevention and management of hyponatremia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration, genetic risk, and the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease: A prospective study of 261,933 participants","authors":"Ha-Na Kim ,&nbsp;Ji Hyun Lee ,&nbsp;John Boscardin ,&nbsp;John C. Newman","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We investigated whether plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, a genetic risk score for Alzheimer’s disease, and their interaction are associated with incident Alzheimer’s disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the UK Biobank—a population-based cohort study of adults aged 40–69 years, we assessed associations between baseline plasma β-hydroxybutyrate level, genetic risk score for Alzheimer’s disease, and incident Alzheimer’s disease. Incident Alzheimer’s disease data were collected through linked data from hospital admissions and death registries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 261,933 adults were included, 1978 of whom developed incident Alzheimer’s disease. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not independently associated with Alzheimer’s disease incidence after adjusting for covariates, whereas a higher genetic predisposition was linked to increased Alzheimer’s disease incidence. Interactions were observed between plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease on Alzheimer’s disease incidence (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Further studies are warranted to elucidate the impact of plasma β-hydroxybutyrate status on Alzheimer’s disease incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Ultra-processed products and risk of liver cancer: A prospective cohort study\"","authors":"Chenyang Huai","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Page 19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids with blood pressure in children","authors":"Lan Huang ,&nbsp;Shaowen Li ,&nbsp;Qinwen Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaozhen Ruan ,&nbsp;Yulin Wu ,&nbsp;Qinzhi Wei ,&nbsp;Hairui Xie ,&nbsp;Zheqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.12.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.12.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Different fatty acids may vary in their effect on blood pressure. We tested whether fatty acid classes measured in erythrocytes are associated with blood pressure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 421 children from Guangzhou, China. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid concentrations were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured with an electronic sphygmomanometer. Abnormal blood pressure (ABP) was defined as an elevated SBP and/or DBP. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations of fatty acid subgroups with the risk of blood pressure status. The joint effect of fatty acid subgroups was evaluated using Probit Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ANCOVA analysis showed that children in the higher quartiles of odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OSFAs) had significantly lower levels of both SBP (P-trend = 0.020) and DBP (P-trend = 0.008). In contrast, DBP increased significantly across quartiles of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). In adjusted models of logistic regression analysis, the higher quartiles of MUFAs concentrations were associated with a higher risk of ABP (P-trend = 0.001). BKMR analysis showed that the risk of ABP increased significantly with increasing total MUFAs mixture levels. Similar associations were observed between MUFAs and DBP. Conversely, OSFAs concentrations were negatively correlated with both SBP and DBP. Additionally, children with higher levels of mixture of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exhibited lower SBP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fatty acid subclasses may differ in their relationship with abnormal blood pressure in children. MUFAs exhibit a positive association with blood pressure, whereas OSFAs and n-3 PUFAs demonstrate an inverse association with blood pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition therapy for critically ill patients - Five key problems","authors":"K. Georg Kreymann,&nbsp;Geraldine de Heer","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>A pragmatic trial and its secondary analyses have demonstrated that nutritional care not only reduces complications but also significantly improves survival in medical patients at risk of malnutrition. In contrast, for critically ill patients comparable evidence is scarce. Consequently, many propositions for refining the research agenda and study design in the field of critical care nutrition have already been made. The aim of this paper is to elucidate further critical problems in nutritional care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Critical appraisal of the literature from the past 70 years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified five key problems: 1. The immunologic background of catabolism 2. The energy goal during the acute phase 3. The quantification of endogenous substrate production 4. The incorporation of clinical and biological data into the study design, and 5. The energy goal and cardiopulmonary exercise testing during the recovery phase.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The solution of these problems should supplement the propositions made by other authors and is essential to improving nutrition during and after critical care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor–“High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and risk of muscle strength decline and sarcopenia in older adults”","authors":"Qiang Sun,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 127-128"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply- Letter to Editor- ‘A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing three-times-a-day intermittent enteral postural feeding to continuous enteral feeding among mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care’","authors":"Rakshit Panwar","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"44 ","pages":"Page 165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}