Clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Gut microbiota responses to complementary food sources differ by milk feeding type","authors":"B.M. Perrett ,&nbsp;K. Miliku ,&nbsp;T.J. Moraes ,&nbsp;E. Simons ,&nbsp;P. Mandhane ,&nbsp;M. Kebbe","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Early-life nutrition shapes host–microbe interactions with lasting consequences for health. While dietary patterns are known to influence the infant gut microbiome, the impact of solid food source (homemade, commercial, or mixed) has not been examined. Our aims were to determine how solid food source at 6 months relates to infant gut microbiome diversity and composition at 1 year, and whether relationships differ by milk feeding type..</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a secondary analysis within the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) cohort. Solid food source was assessed at 6 months, and stool samples at 1 year were profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Generalized linear models were used to assess alpha-diversity; permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to evaluate beta-diversity based on OTU-level Bray–Curtis dissimilarities; and Microbiome Multivariate Association with Linear Models 2 (MaAsLin2), using centered log-ratio normalization, was used to examine taxa–level associations, adjusting for relevant perinatal and dietary covariates. Effect modification by milk feeding type (human milk, formula, combination, or weaned) at 6 months and 1 year was examined. Benjamini–Hochberg correction was applied (p &lt; 0.05; q &lt; 0.25).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 368 infants were included. At 6 months, most were mixed-fed (n = 154; 41.8 %), followed by homemade-fed (n = 143; 38.9 %) and commercially-fed (n = 71; 19.3 %). Solid food source explained only 0.53 % of gut microbiota variability. Differences were most pronounced in formula-fed infants: at 6 months, those given homemade or mixed foods showed higher abundances of Firmicutes, Turicibacteraceae, and <em>Turicibacter</em> compared with commercially fed infants. Within this group, mixed feeding was further linked to higher Eubacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae (all q &lt; 0.25). At 1 year, formula-fed infants who received homemade foods had higher microbial diversity (p = 0.028) but lower Shannon diversity (p = 0.041) than those receiving commercial foods, suggesting shifts in both community richness and evenness. No significant differences in gut microbiome diversity and composition were observed in the overall cohort or among infants receiving human milk or fully weaned (q &gt; 0.25).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Solid food source is a previously under-investigated driver of infant microbiome variability, with effects contingent on milk feeding. Human milk may buffer against dietary choices, whereas formula-fed infants show heightened sensitivity to complementary food source, informing precision nutrition in early life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 106587"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective study of anamorelin in pancreatic cancer cachexia: Clinical and translational insights into response heterogeneity","authors":"Ryosuke Matsukane ,&nbsp;Haruna Minami ,&nbsp;Nao Fujimori ,&nbsp;Keijiro Ueda ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Komori ,&nbsp;Yu Takamatsu ,&nbsp;Takahiro Ueda ,&nbsp;Minako Kimura ,&nbsp;Chitose Matsuzaki ,&nbsp;Takanori Tanaka ,&nbsp;Aimi Morito ,&nbsp;Saki Kuwahara ,&nbsp;Masako Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Satoshi Hirai ,&nbsp;Tomiko Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Shigeru Ishida ,&nbsp;Takeshi Hirota ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Ogawa ,&nbsp;Mayako Uchida","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Clinical evidence for anamorelin in pancreatic cancer is extremely limited, despite its approval in Japan. This study provides the first prospective evaluation of anamorelin specifically in pancreatic cancer, aiming to assess real-world efficacy and safety and to identify factors contributing to treatment-response heterogeneity through integrated biomarker analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective, single-center, observational study enrolled 24 patients with unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer who developed cachexia. Efficacy was evaluated in patients who received anamorelin for &gt;1 month. The primary endpoint was change in LBM from baseline, and secondary endpoints included the LBM-based response rate. Responders were defined as those who maintained or increased LBM during treatment. Safety assessment focused on treatment-related adverse events, particularly hyperglycemia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen patients were included in the efficacy analysis (median age, 68 years; median weight loss, 8.3 %). The mean LBM increased by 0.9 and 1.4 kg at 1 and 2 months, respectively. Quality-of-life scores related to appetite, weight gain, and total scores improved significantly at 1 month. Ten patients (58.8 %) were classified as responders, showing significant LBM gains from baseline (+2.4 kg at 1 month, +3.4 kg at 2 months, p &lt; 0.001). Handgrip strength also improved in responders compared with non-responders at 2 months (+1.7 kg vs −2.0 kg, p &lt; 0.01). Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, inflammatory cytokines, ghrelin, and leptin levels did not differ significantly between baseline and 1 month. However, lower baseline body mass index (BMI) was strongly associated with response (sensitivity 85.7 %, specificity 90.0 %, area under the curve [AUC] 0.886, cutoff 20.4 kg/m²; p = 0.008). In the safety analysis (n = 23), 34.8 % experienced hyperglycemia of any grade, and 26.1 % developed grade ≥2 hyperglycemia—higher than in NSCLC trials. Median time to onset was 4.5 days (range, 2–18). Baseline diabetes was significantly associated with grade ≥2 hyperglycemia. This event was highly predictable by low pre-treatment ΔC-peptide levels (6–0 min; sensitivity 100.0 %, specificity 91.7 %, cut-off 1.03 ng/mL, AUC 0.967; p = 0.0032).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Anamorelin effectively improved LBM and appetite/QOL domains in pancreatic cancer, particularly in patients with low BMI. However, hyperglycemia—especially in those with impaired insulin secretion—requires careful monitoring. Baseline BMI and insulin secretion capacity should be evaluated before initiating therapy, and these findings provide preliminary insight into treatment response heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer cachexia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 106581"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum branched-chain amino acids, dietary factors, and sarcopenia risk in older adults with and without diabetes mellitus","authors":"Shu-Yi Li ,&nbsp;Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Jason Leung ,&nbsp;Timothy Kwok","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), primarily obtained from the diet, can promote muscle protein synthesis, but excessive levels may lead to insulin resistance. How circulating BCAA is associated with diet and sarcopenia risk in older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association of dietary factors and serum BCAA levels, and their association with sarcopenia risk, stratified by diabetes status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cohort study included 2994 community-dwelling older adults between 2001 and 2003. Serum BCAA levels (leucine, isoleucine and valine) were measured at baseline. Dietary data were collected by a food frequency questionnaire. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass accompanied by low muscle strength and/or low physical performance at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Associations of serum BCAA with dietary factors and sarcopenia risk were examined using generalized linear and logistic regression models with restricted cubic splines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 433 participants with DM and 2561 without DM. In non-DM, dietary protein, protein sources, and overall diet quality were significantly associated with serum BCAA levels; in DM, only red meat and whole grain intakes were associated. These associations were attenuated after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Elevated serum BCAA levels were associated with lower sarcopenia risk in non-DM (odds ratio [OR]: 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–0.81, per standard deviation [SD] of log-BCAA). However, a U-shaped association was observed in DM (<em>p</em>-nonlinearity = 0.0006), with the lowest risk at intermediate levels. Over 4 years of follow-up, higher BCAA levels were associated with reduced sarcopenia incidence in non-DM (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.94), but no association in DM. Similar patterns were found for individual BCAA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher BCAA levels may reduce sarcopenia risk in older adults without DM, but excessive BCAA levels may not offer muscle benefits in DM. Metabolic status should be considered when evaluating BCAA in sarcopenia prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 106590"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146178202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is autism a developmental zinc deficiency?","authors":"Ann Katrin Sauer ,&nbsp;Janelle E. Stanton ,&nbsp;Andreas M. Grabrucker","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors, particularly prenatal ones such as maternal infections, medications, toxins, and nutritional deficiencies. These factors interfere with brain development, leading to the core traits of ASD. Despite extensive research using animal and cell models, few fully replicate the complexity of ASD, highlighting the need to reassess our understanding of its biological processes. Prenatal zinc deficiency has emerged as a significant risk factor, inducing various ASD-related pathologies in studies and potentially uncovering fundamental disrupted biological processes. We propose that a core issue in ASD is metal homeostasis, especially abnormal zinc signaling. This review consolidates current evidence linking zinc to ASD and examines its critical roles in biological functions often affected in individuals with ASD. The findings suggest that prenatal zinc deficiency could reveal the fundamental biological processes disrupted in ASD, which other risk factors might mimic to a lesser extent. Consequently, this narrative review, based on a thorough synthesis of secondary data, provides a critical overview of the growing evidence connecting zinc to ASD while exploring its vital roles in biological functions frequently impaired in affected individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 106592"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply - Letter to the editor \"When feasibility becomes validity: Rethinking dietary assessment in adolescent cohorts\".","authors":"Audrey Moyen, Maurya Hart, Anne-Julie Tessier, Kozeta Miliku","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106612","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"106612"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147372262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply - Letter to the editor - \"Comment on \"Measuring diet intake in adolescents: Relative validation of an artificial intelligence enhanced, image assisted mobile application\"\".","authors":"Audrey Moyen, Maurya Hart, Anne-Julie Tessier, Kozeta Miliku","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106613","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"106613"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Measuring diet intake in adolescents: Relative validation of an artificial intelligence enhanced, image assisted mobile application\".","authors":"P Mohammad Shuaib, Swapan Banerjee, S R V Prasad Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"106615"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological aging across regular meat, low meat, pescatarian and vegetarian dietary patterns: A population-based cohort study.","authors":"Chuan-Rui Zeng, Yang-Wei Cai, Mao-Xiong Wu, Ze-Gui Huang, Qing-Yuan Gao, Jing-Wei Gao, Guang-Hong Liao, Jing-Feng Wang, Hai-Feng Zhang, Yang-Xin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Diet is a modifiable lifestyle factor that plays a crucial role in health and longevity, yet evidence regarding its association with biological aging remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between habitual dietary patterns and biological aging in a large population-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>407,376 participants at baseline and 8855 participants at the first follow-up were included in this study. Participants were classified as regular meat-eaters, low meat-eaters, fish-eaters, or vegetarians. Biological age (BA) acceleration, which reflects the rate of biological aging, was estimated using two distinct methods, Klemera-Doubal method (KDM-BA) and Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge). Generalized linear models were used to examine the associations between dietary patterns and BA acceleration. Subgroup analyses stratified by genetic susceptibility and baseline characteristics, together with multiple sensitivity analyses, were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, low meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians exhibited significantly lower BA acceleration compared with regular meat-eaters. In the fully adjusted model, fish-eaters showed the largest reduction in KDM-BA acceleration (β = -2.47; 95 % CI: -2.71 to -2.23), followed by vegetarians (β = -2.34; 95 % CI: -2.61 to -2.07) and low meat-eaters (β = -0.61; 95 % CI: -0.68 to -0.54). Similar associations were observed for PhenoAge acceleration. These associations were consistent across multiple subgroup analyses. Longitudinally, participants adhering to low-meat, pescatarian or vegetarian diets experienced a significantly slower rate of increase in BA acceleration than consistent regular meat-eaters during the follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plant-based (with or without fish) and low-meat dietary patterns are associated with slower biological aging compared with regular-meat diet. Adherence to dietary patterns characterized by reduced meat and moderate fish consumption may represent a feasible strategy to promote healthy aging and mitigate the burden of aging-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"106611"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147455998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to \"Effect of seabuckthorn seed oil in reducing cardiovascular risk factors: A longitudinal controlled trial on hypertensive subjects\" [Clin Nutr 36 (2017) 1231-1238].","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106600","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"106600"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood omega-3 is inversely related to risk of early-onset dementia","authors":"Aleix Sala-Vila ,&nbsp;Nathan L. Tintle ,&nbsp;Jason Westra ,&nbsp;William S. Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.106559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.106559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>Early-onset dementia (EOD, defined as diagnosis &lt; age 65) imposes a high socio-economic burden. It is less prevalent and less investigated than late-onset dementia (LOD). Observational data indicate that many EOD cases are associated with potentially modifiable risk factors, yet the relationship between diet and EOD has been under-explored. Omega-3 fatty acids are promising dietary factors for dementia prevention; however, existing research has primarily focused on cohorts aged &gt;65. We examined the associations between omega-3 blood levels (which objectively reflect dietary intake) and incident EOD by leveraging data from the UK Biobank cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included participants aged 40–64, free of dementia at baseline and for whom plasma omega-3 levels and relevant covariates were available. We modeled the relationships between the three omega-3 exposures (total omega-3, DHA, and non-DHA omega-3) and incident EOD with quintiles (Q) and continuous linear relationships. We constructed Cox proportional hazards adjusting for sex, age at baseline and <em>APOE-ε4</em> allele load, besides other lifestyle variables reported to relate to incident EOD. We also assessed the interaction between each exposure of interest and <em>APOE-ε4</em> allele load.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 217,122 participants. During the mean follow-up of 8.3 years, 325 incident EOD cases were ascertained. Compared to participants at Q1 of total omega-3, those at Q4 and Q5 showed a statistically significantly lower risk of EOD (Q4, hazard ratio [95 % confidence interval] = 0.62 [0.43, 0.89]; Q5, 0.60 [0.42, 0.86]). A statistically significant inverse association was also observed for total omega-3 as a continuous variable. Compared to participants at Q1 of DHA, those at Q5 of non-DHA showed a significant lower risk of EOD. A statistically significant lower risk was observed in Q3, Q4 and Q5 of non-DHA omega-3. Finally, we observed no evidence of interaction omega-3 × <em>APOE-ε4</em> allele load.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study expands the evidence of a beneficial association of omega-3 and LOD to EOD as well. These findings suggest that an increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids earlier in life may slow the development of EOD. Additional research is needed to confirm our findings, particularly in more diverse populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 106559"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}