Food additives change the appearance and taste of foods, prevent their deterioration and keep them longer; are very important chemical compounds in terms of food technology. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate and magnesium di-glutamate salts of L-Glutamic acid are frequently used in foods as food additives and their effects on expression of cancer related (CYP1A1 and BCL-2) genes were investigated in MCF-7 and MCF-12A cell lines. For this purpose, different concentrations of MSG (437.5–27.34 mM), MPG (218.75–13.67 mM) and MDG (109.3–6.83 mM) treated with cells for 24 hours. According to the results, IC50 values of MSG, MPG and MDG were measured as 227.17, 84.64 and 80,27 mM for MCF-7 and 156.53, 197.24 and 14,05 mM for MCF-12A respectively. The most effective concentrations were determined as a result of MTT assay and expression analysis of CYP1A1 and BCL-2 genes were performed in both cell lines by qRT-PCR. BCL-2 gene; it was expressed more than its normal function against the substances in MCF-7 cells and caused unplanned cell proliferation in these cells, while it was detected that it was expressed less than its normal function in MCF-12A cells. Similarly, the CYP1A1 gene was found to be less express than its normal function in MCF-7 cells, while it was overexpressed in MCF-12A cells to against the toxicity from these agents. As a result of this study, the data showed that these food additives may cause both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
{"title":"Effects of some flavor enhancer food additives on expression of cancer-related genes in MCF-7 and MCF-12A cells","authors":"Ekrem Bolukbasi, Ece Avuloglu-Yilmaz, Tuba Yildirim","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2272469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2272469","url":null,"abstract":"Food additives change the appearance and taste of foods, prevent their deterioration and keep them longer; are very important chemical compounds in terms of food technology. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate and magnesium di-glutamate salts of L-Glutamic acid are frequently used in foods as food additives and their effects on expression of cancer related (CYP1A1 and BCL-2) genes were investigated in MCF-7 and MCF-12A cell lines. For this purpose, different concentrations of MSG (437.5–27.34 mM), MPG (218.75–13.67 mM) and MDG (109.3–6.83 mM) treated with cells for 24 hours. According to the results, IC50 values of MSG, MPG and MDG were measured as 227.17, 84.64 and 80,27 mM for MCF-7 and 156.53, 197.24 and 14,05 mM for MCF-12A respectively. The most effective concentrations were determined as a result of MTT assay and expression analysis of CYP1A1 and BCL-2 genes were performed in both cell lines by qRT-PCR. BCL-2 gene; it was expressed more than its normal function against the substances in MCF-7 cells and caused unplanned cell proliferation in these cells, while it was detected that it was expressed less than its normal function in MCF-12A cells. Similarly, the CYP1A1 gene was found to be less express than its normal function in MCF-7 cells, while it was overexpressed in MCF-12A cells to against the toxicity from these agents. As a result of this study, the data showed that these food additives may cause both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"44 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2272368
Elias Ture
In this study, grass pea and orange peel flour were used to improve the quality and nutritional value of sorghum flour. Sorghum and grass peas were cleaned, washed, soaked, dried, milled, sieved, and blended with sieved orange peel flour in three different proportions. The chemical characteristics of the individual, and blend flours, in terms of proximate composition, mineral content, functional property, antinutrient composition, pasting property, functional groups, and antioxidant capacity were determined. The study was based on a blend ratio of (B1 = (80:15:5), B2 = (65:25:10), and B3 = (50:35:15)). The data were subjected to analysis of variance using Minitab statistical software. The results showed that the blend ratio had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the characteristics of the blended flour.
{"title":"Effect of grass pea and orange peel flour addition on the quality of sorghum flour","authors":"Elias Ture","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2272368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2272368","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, grass pea and orange peel flour were used to improve the quality and nutritional value of sorghum flour. Sorghum and grass peas were cleaned, washed, soaked, dried, milled, sieved, and blended with sieved orange peel flour in three different proportions. The chemical characteristics of the individual, and blend flours, in terms of proximate composition, mineral content, functional property, antinutrient composition, pasting property, functional groups, and antioxidant capacity were determined. The study was based on a blend ratio of (B1 = (80:15:5), B2 = (65:25:10), and B3 = (50:35:15)). The data were subjected to analysis of variance using Minitab statistical software. The results showed that the blend ratio had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the characteristics of the blended flour.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2270251
Roba Jiso, Yisehak Kechero, Asrat Guja
Although camel production is the primary source of revenue for pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in the Borana, a number of issues affect camel performance in the area, with one of the most pressing being feed availability. Camel production often involves optimizing available feed availability, which is considered to be the principal limiting factor in a free-browsing environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feed resources that are available for dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) and their utilization practices in the Borana Plateau, southern Ethiopia. A household survey questionnaire, a focused group discussion, and key informant interviews were utilized to collect data from 364 camel herders in nine kebeles in the districts of Yabello, Elwaye, and Gomole. The results show that browsing trees and shrubs (53.3%) were the most commonly known feed resources accessible in the study’s areas, followed by herbaceous feed resources (42.3%). The total dry matter (DM) available was 1379.59 tons less than the total dry matter required for camels, which was 5242.71 tons. The total dry matter balance was −3863.12 tons along the studied districts, which was below the requirements. Camel feed is scarce all year, and the survey results show that 90.9% of respondents do not conserve camel feed in any way. Furthermore, 89.6% stated that they have received no training in feed conservation measures. This finding highlighted the significance of raising herder awareness of fundamental feed management and conservation techniques.
{"title":"The dromedary camel ( <i>Camelus dromedarius)</i> feed resources and utilization practices in Borana Plateau, southern Ethiopia","authors":"Roba Jiso, Yisehak Kechero, Asrat Guja","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2270251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2270251","url":null,"abstract":"Although camel production is the primary source of revenue for pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in the Borana, a number of issues affect camel performance in the area, with one of the most pressing being feed availability. Camel production often involves optimizing available feed availability, which is considered to be the principal limiting factor in a free-browsing environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feed resources that are available for dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) and their utilization practices in the Borana Plateau, southern Ethiopia. A household survey questionnaire, a focused group discussion, and key informant interviews were utilized to collect data from 364 camel herders in nine kebeles in the districts of Yabello, Elwaye, and Gomole. The results show that browsing trees and shrubs (53.3%) were the most commonly known feed resources accessible in the study’s areas, followed by herbaceous feed resources (42.3%). The total dry matter (DM) available was 1379.59 tons less than the total dry matter required for camels, which was 5242.71 tons. The total dry matter balance was −3863.12 tons along the studied districts, which was below the requirements. Camel feed is scarce all year, and the survey results show that 90.9% of respondents do not conserve camel feed in any way. Furthermore, 89.6% stated that they have received no training in feed conservation measures. This finding highlighted the significance of raising herder awareness of fundamental feed management and conservation techniques.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2267274
Mideksa Babu, Muluken Gezahegn, Eric Ndemo
Soil erosion causes a loss of soil fertility, which reduces crop yield and leads to food insecurity. To curb the adversative effects of soil erosion, many efforts have been made at the global, regional, and national levels. However, it is not possible to generalize the factors for the adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC) at the global and regional levels. The current dynamism is of paramount importance to be investigated based on the real scenario of the study site. Accordingly, this study focuses on the objectives of identifying determinant factors to the adoption of SWC practices in the West Hararghe zone, Eastern Ethiopia. A multistage sampling procedure using structured questionnaires was used to select 250 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using a seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model (SUR BVPM). The study identified significant demographic, socioeconomic, institutional, physical, and other factors in the adoption of SWC, such as the use of a productive safety net program (PSNP) and the participation of local farmers in technology design and implementation (PinTDI). For example, using an additional one unit of PSNP services decreases the likelihood of adopting soil and stone bunds by 10.2% and 10.6%, respectively, in ceteris paribus. Our investigation empirically contributes to the prior study and policymakers as the extension system to the implementation of SWC lacks the ground-level context and reality that require appropriate policy to reverse the trend.
{"title":"Determinants of soil and water conservation practices in the West Hararghe zone of Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Mideksa Babu, Muluken Gezahegn, Eric Ndemo","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2267274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2267274","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion causes a loss of soil fertility, which reduces crop yield and leads to food insecurity. To curb the adversative effects of soil erosion, many efforts have been made at the global, regional, and national levels. However, it is not possible to generalize the factors for the adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC) at the global and regional levels. The current dynamism is of paramount importance to be investigated based on the real scenario of the study site. Accordingly, this study focuses on the objectives of identifying determinant factors to the adoption of SWC practices in the West Hararghe zone, Eastern Ethiopia. A multistage sampling procedure using structured questionnaires was used to select 250 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using a seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model (SUR BVPM). The study identified significant demographic, socioeconomic, institutional, physical, and other factors in the adoption of SWC, such as the use of a productive safety net program (PSNP) and the participation of local farmers in technology design and implementation (PinTDI). For example, using an additional one unit of PSNP services decreases the likelihood of adopting soil and stone bunds by 10.2% and 10.6%, respectively, in ceteris paribus. Our investigation empirically contributes to the prior study and policymakers as the extension system to the implementation of SWC lacks the ground-level context and reality that require appropriate policy to reverse the trend.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2266195
Amare Wondirad, Gabrielle Verheye
Gastronomy emerges as one of the key components of visitors’ holiday experiences and increasingly shapes vacationers’ holiday destination choices. As an integral component of the tourist experience and destinations’ cultural heritage, gastronomy enhances visitors’ local and cultural understanding. Despite the increase in academic studies on gastronomy, there is still a scarcity of research that investigates whether gastronomy determines visitors’ holiday destination choices and the extent to which it does . To bridge this research gap, the current study examines whether gastronomy determines visitors’ holiday destination choice and explores the nexus between gastronomy and holiday destination image by adopting a mixed-methods research approach. We have collected data from 205 respondents, who represent45 countries from all corners of the globe, using an online survey. Research findings show that for 87% of the respondents, gastronomy is one of the key factors that determine their holiday destination choice. Especially for Asian and African tourists, gastronomy plays a crucial role in determining their holiday destination choice compared to Europeans, Americans, and other tourists. Findings further demonstrate that gastronomy is intertwined with tourist destinations by creating a lasting destination image, complementing visitors’ holidays, and being one of the core destination products. Research findings offer substantial theoretical and practical implications for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) and catering establishments by highlighting the vitality of gastronomy as a core tourist destinations’ product. The study calls for pertinent tourism stakeholders to work together to develop, market, and manage resilient, competitive, and sustainable gastronomy niche tourism.
{"title":"Does gastronomy determine visitors’ holiday destination choice? Empirical evidence based on a mixed-method research approach","authors":"Amare Wondirad, Gabrielle Verheye","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2266195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2266195","url":null,"abstract":"Gastronomy emerges as one of the key components of visitors’ holiday experiences and increasingly shapes vacationers’ holiday destination choices. As an integral component of the tourist experience and destinations’ cultural heritage, gastronomy enhances visitors’ local and cultural understanding. Despite the increase in academic studies on gastronomy, there is still a scarcity of research that investigates whether gastronomy determines visitors’ holiday destination choices and the extent to which it does . To bridge this research gap, the current study examines whether gastronomy determines visitors’ holiday destination choice and explores the nexus between gastronomy and holiday destination image by adopting a mixed-methods research approach. We have collected data from 205 respondents, who represent45 countries from all corners of the globe, using an online survey. Research findings show that for 87% of the respondents, gastronomy is one of the key factors that determine their holiday destination choice. Especially for Asian and African tourists, gastronomy plays a crucial role in determining their holiday destination choice compared to Europeans, Americans, and other tourists. Findings further demonstrate that gastronomy is intertwined with tourist destinations by creating a lasting destination image, complementing visitors’ holidays, and being one of the core destination products. Research findings offer substantial theoretical and practical implications for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) and catering establishments by highlighting the vitality of gastronomy as a core tourist destinations’ product. The study calls for pertinent tourism stakeholders to work together to develop, market, and manage resilient, competitive, and sustainable gastronomy niche tourism.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A review of available literature shows that small grains are widely used across the globe for human and livestock feed. Sustainable chicken production can significantly contribute to dietary needs and resolve food insecurity in the smallholder sector. It is estimated that local chickens constitute 80% of poultry production in sub-Saharan countries, 28% in America, 15% in Europe, and 60% in Asia. The success of production of small grains such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) has been attributed to their drought resilience and adaptability to climate change. Sorghum, in particular, is the fifth most important global cereal crop after maize. Chicken producers use local small grains as major components for inclusion in poultry diets in order to decrease the cost of production and increase the profits. The potential use of small grain as a major source of native chicken is attributed to their richness in the composition of diverse nutrients. Small grains contain diverse amino acids and energy levels. Millets, in particular, are high in minerals such as calcium, iron, and pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Sorghum has metabolizable energy, calcium, and phosphorus for supporting chicken growth and production. Studies reviewed on on the performance of broilers on varying degrees of small grain inclusion have been made using broiler chickens fed on varying degrees of small grain inclusion in various diets. Studies showed that a diet containing 12.34 MJ ME/kg dry matter (DM) to 12.91 MJ ME/kg DM is recommended for growth performance during the starter and grower phases of Venda spotted breed chicks. Furthermore, indigenous naked neck chickens aged between 1 and 6 weeks were reported to require a diet containing an energy level of 14 MJ ME/kg DM for optimal growth and carcass quality. Chicken feed formulation through least cost feed formulation recommended small grain inclusion at 13.9 ME (MJ/kg) to obtain diets with 11.8% crude protein. Physical (such as grain germination, soaking, and grinding) and chemical (such as fermentation, urea treatment, and use of alkali substance) strategies can enhance the utilization of small grains by chickens. There is a greater scope for improving small grain utilization by chickens by establishing convenient and accurate levels of inclusion in the diets and adding their value through biofortification interventions.
{"title":"Feed potential of small cereal grains in poultry production in semi-arid areas: A review","authors":"Boat Sibanda, Mlamuleli Mhlanga, Mcebisi Maphosa, Ronny Sibanda","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2263969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2263969","url":null,"abstract":"A review of available literature shows that small grains are widely used across the globe for human and livestock feed. Sustainable chicken production can significantly contribute to dietary needs and resolve food insecurity in the smallholder sector. It is estimated that local chickens constitute 80% of poultry production in sub-Saharan countries, 28% in America, 15% in Europe, and 60% in Asia. The success of production of small grains such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) has been attributed to their drought resilience and adaptability to climate change. Sorghum, in particular, is the fifth most important global cereal crop after maize. Chicken producers use local small grains as major components for inclusion in poultry diets in order to decrease the cost of production and increase the profits. The potential use of small grain as a major source of native chicken is attributed to their richness in the composition of diverse nutrients. Small grains contain diverse amino acids and energy levels. Millets, in particular, are high in minerals such as calcium, iron, and pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Sorghum has metabolizable energy, calcium, and phosphorus for supporting chicken growth and production. Studies reviewed on on the performance of broilers on varying degrees of small grain inclusion have been made using broiler chickens fed on varying degrees of small grain inclusion in various diets. Studies showed that a diet containing 12.34 MJ ME/kg dry matter (DM) to 12.91 MJ ME/kg DM is recommended for growth performance during the starter and grower phases of Venda spotted breed chicks. Furthermore, indigenous naked neck chickens aged between 1 and 6 weeks were reported to require a diet containing an energy level of 14 MJ ME/kg DM for optimal growth and carcass quality. Chicken feed formulation through least cost feed formulation recommended small grain inclusion at 13.9 ME (MJ/kg) to obtain diets with 11.8% crude protein. Physical (such as grain germination, soaking, and grinding) and chemical (such as fermentation, urea treatment, and use of alkali substance) strategies can enhance the utilization of small grains by chickens. There is a greater scope for improving small grain utilization by chickens by establishing convenient and accurate levels of inclusion in the diets and adding their value through biofortification interventions.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2267277
Cong Zhang, Can Xie, Chen Ma, Lihong Wang, Ying Zhao, Chengsong Li
In response to the planting patterns and trenching fertilization requirements in hilly orchards in China, this study employed discrete element simulation software to establish soil particle models and soil-trenching equipment interaction models. The aim was to investigate the influence of structural parameters and operating parameters on the energy consumption of segmented trenchers during operation. A response surface experimental design was adopted to simulate the trenching process. Based on the research results regarding the effects of forward speed, trenching speed, and helical combinations on segmented trenching equipment, it was found that the segmented helical blades have lower operating resistance torque and less disturbance to the underlying soil. It was also confirmed that the pitch and rotational speed have a significant impact on energy consumption during operation. According to the response surface experimental results with the lowest operating resistance torque and a homogenization degree approaching 1 as indicators, the following combination of key influencing factors was obtained: The forward speed is 0.21 m/s, the trenching speed is 350 r/min, the segmented helical pitch is 138 mm, and the working torque is 47.35 N·m at this time. This combination of parameters can provide a reference for optimizing the design and practical application of segmented trenchers.
{"title":"Design and simulation analysis of furrowing and fertilization equipment based on segmented screw mechanism","authors":"Cong Zhang, Can Xie, Chen Ma, Lihong Wang, Ying Zhao, Chengsong Li","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2267277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2267277","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the planting patterns and trenching fertilization requirements in hilly orchards in China, this study employed discrete element simulation software to establish soil particle models and soil-trenching equipment interaction models. The aim was to investigate the influence of structural parameters and operating parameters on the energy consumption of segmented trenchers during operation. A response surface experimental design was adopted to simulate the trenching process. Based on the research results regarding the effects of forward speed, trenching speed, and helical combinations on segmented trenching equipment, it was found that the segmented helical blades have lower operating resistance torque and less disturbance to the underlying soil. It was also confirmed that the pitch and rotational speed have a significant impact on energy consumption during operation. According to the response surface experimental results with the lowest operating resistance torque and a homogenization degree approaching 1 as indicators, the following combination of key influencing factors was obtained: The forward speed is 0.21 m/s, the trenching speed is 350 r/min, the segmented helical pitch is 138 mm, and the working torque is 47.35 N·m at this time. This combination of parameters can provide a reference for optimizing the design and practical application of segmented trenchers.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2269665
J. S. Kasima, H. Muyinza, B. Mugonola, E. K. Ndyomugyenyi
In Uganda, it is projected that pork and poultry meat consumption will exceed any other livestock meat in the next decade. However, pork and poultry meat in most markets in Uganda is less healthy which may predispose consumers to risks of cardiovascular complications. This is due to the high fatty acid saturation of the two meat products on the market resulting from the compromise on feed quality. In an effort to contribute to meeting the projected demand, while ensuring low fatty acid saturation, the current review explores literature on potential low-cost ingredients with low saturated fatty acid composition. The review focuses on post-harvest crop wastes that could be fed to pigs and/or poultry directly and those that can be used to develop other ingredients for use in pig and poultry diets. Sweet potato vines and pumpkin wastes have been found as potential ingredients for use in pig and poultry feeds to produce high-quality meat with enhanced polyunsaturated fatty acids. Other potential ingredients are biochar from crop wastes and insect meals raised on crop wastes. To ensure adoption of these post-harvest wastes for use in animal feeds, there is need to first build capacity of extension workers to train the farmers on the inclusion of post-harvest wastes in pig and poultry diets.
{"title":"The potential role of crop wastes in Uganda’s future pork and poultry meat production: A mini review","authors":"J. S. Kasima, H. Muyinza, B. Mugonola, E. K. Ndyomugyenyi","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2269665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2269665","url":null,"abstract":"In Uganda, it is projected that pork and poultry meat consumption will exceed any other livestock meat in the next decade. However, pork and poultry meat in most markets in Uganda is less healthy which may predispose consumers to risks of cardiovascular complications. This is due to the high fatty acid saturation of the two meat products on the market resulting from the compromise on feed quality. In an effort to contribute to meeting the projected demand, while ensuring low fatty acid saturation, the current review explores literature on potential low-cost ingredients with low saturated fatty acid composition. The review focuses on post-harvest crop wastes that could be fed to pigs and/or poultry directly and those that can be used to develop other ingredients for use in pig and poultry diets. Sweet potato vines and pumpkin wastes have been found as potential ingredients for use in pig and poultry feeds to produce high-quality meat with enhanced polyunsaturated fatty acids. Other potential ingredients are biochar from crop wastes and insect meals raised on crop wastes. To ensure adoption of these post-harvest wastes for use in animal feeds, there is need to first build capacity of extension workers to train the farmers on the inclusion of post-harvest wastes in pig and poultry diets.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2267863
Emmanuely Z. Nungula, Jayne Mugwe, Jamal Nasar, Boniface H. J. Massawe, Anne N. Karuma, Sagar Maitra, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Turgay Dindaroglu, Naeem Khan, Harun I. Gitari
In Tanzania, land degradation has been ranked as the top environmental problem for more than 62 years after independence. Land degradation is a catalyst for poverty increment in rural people’s livelihoods by contributing up to a 48% increase in poverty of this population. This paper highlights land degradation as a key constraint to sunflower production while looking at the potential role of Geographic Information System (GIS) in revitalizing the sector. The review focuses on Tanzania, where sunflower production is done mainly by smallholder farmers as a cash crop and a source of vegetable oil. Sunflower production is threatened by land degradation in the form of nutrient mining that decreases the fertility of the soil, hence lowering its potential. Such degradation is mainly contributed to by continuous crop cultivation without replenishment of the soil fertility, crop removal after harvesting, and low fertilizer input. This calls for the adoption of modern systems of utilizing GIS, in assessing the suitability potential of the land giving the best decision in managing and adopting the right soil management practices for increasing and sustaining the productivity of the farmland concerning sunflower production in Tanzania.
{"title":"Land degradation unmasked as the key constraint in sunflower ( <i>Helianthus annus</i> ) production: Role of GIS in revitalizing this vital sector","authors":"Emmanuely Z. Nungula, Jayne Mugwe, Jamal Nasar, Boniface H. J. Massawe, Anne N. Karuma, Sagar Maitra, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Turgay Dindaroglu, Naeem Khan, Harun I. Gitari","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2267863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2267863","url":null,"abstract":"In Tanzania, land degradation has been ranked as the top environmental problem for more than 62 years after independence. Land degradation is a catalyst for poverty increment in rural people’s livelihoods by contributing up to a 48% increase in poverty of this population. This paper highlights land degradation as a key constraint to sunflower production while looking at the potential role of Geographic Information System (GIS) in revitalizing the sector. The review focuses on Tanzania, where sunflower production is done mainly by smallholder farmers as a cash crop and a source of vegetable oil. Sunflower production is threatened by land degradation in the form of nutrient mining that decreases the fertility of the soil, hence lowering its potential. Such degradation is mainly contributed to by continuous crop cultivation without replenishment of the soil fertility, crop removal after harvesting, and low fertilizer input. This calls for the adoption of modern systems of utilizing GIS, in assessing the suitability potential of the land giving the best decision in managing and adopting the right soil management practices for increasing and sustaining the productivity of the farmland concerning sunflower production in Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135805662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2266197
Samuel Kwesi Ndzebah Dadzie
Drought effect is the most common consequence among all aspects of climate variability phenomenon. Accordingly, understanding farm-level decisions to adopt strategies to mitigate the negative impact of extreme climate events such as drought is a vital ingredient for making policy suggestions necessary for effective adaptation to climate change. The study aims at investigating the effect of risk attitudes and perceived probability of drought occurrence on farmers’ decisions to adopt new drought-tolerant maize varieties to adapt drought associated with climate change. Data was collected from farmers who were sampled using multistage sampling techniques. Estimation of standard Bayesian Probit, completed by using Bayesian Reversal Jump Probit analysis was done to arrive at study results. Farmers were found to adapt to climate change using Integrated Pest Management (IPM), adjustment in planting and/or harvesting times, and growing special new varieties. Majority of farmers were willing to adopt new drought-tolerant maize variety rather than the traditional ones they grew in the past. Further, the study revealed that farmers with risk seeking attitudes who are less sensitive to losses, and also perceived the occurrence of extreme drought as highly probable, are more likely to adopt and cultivate drought tolerant maize variety, when recommended to them. As part of a planned course of action necessary to adapt to climate change, planning of appropriate extension communication approach that would facilitate farmers’ adoption of the new tolerant-variety must understand farmers’ decision-behaviour under risk, and their perceptions of the riskiness of the strategies.
{"title":"Maize farmers’ adaptation to drought: Do risk attitudes and perceived risk probability matter?","authors":"Samuel Kwesi Ndzebah Dadzie","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2266197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2266197","url":null,"abstract":"Drought effect is the most common consequence among all aspects of climate variability phenomenon. Accordingly, understanding farm-level decisions to adopt strategies to mitigate the negative impact of extreme climate events such as drought is a vital ingredient for making policy suggestions necessary for effective adaptation to climate change. The study aims at investigating the effect of risk attitudes and perceived probability of drought occurrence on farmers’ decisions to adopt new drought-tolerant maize varieties to adapt drought associated with climate change. Data was collected from farmers who were sampled using multistage sampling techniques. Estimation of standard Bayesian Probit, completed by using Bayesian Reversal Jump Probit analysis was done to arrive at study results. Farmers were found to adapt to climate change using Integrated Pest Management (IPM), adjustment in planting and/or harvesting times, and growing special new varieties. Majority of farmers were willing to adopt new drought-tolerant maize variety rather than the traditional ones they grew in the past. Further, the study revealed that farmers with risk seeking attitudes who are less sensitive to losses, and also perceived the occurrence of extreme drought as highly probable, are more likely to adopt and cultivate drought tolerant maize variety, when recommended to them. As part of a planned course of action necessary to adapt to climate change, planning of appropriate extension communication approach that would facilitate farmers’ adoption of the new tolerant-variety must understand farmers’ decision-behaviour under risk, and their perceptions of the riskiness of the strategies.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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