Conventional rice milling produces a high percentage (40%) of rice breakage. The parboiling process is, therefore, considered the best solution for reducing the susceptibility of the rice grain to breakage in addition to varietal characteristics and quality of milling machine. The parboiling process hardens the rice kernel enabling it to withstand the machine’s impact and reduce breakage during the milling process. The objective of this study was determining of the milling quality of a short-grain Ethiopian rice variety (Selam). A full factorial design was used to study the effects of the parboiling factors in CRD arrangement. The factors were soaking temperatures (40, 60, and 80°C), soaking times (6, 12, and 24 hours), and steaming times (15, 25, and 35 minutes) compared with the non-parboiled rice as a control using controlled randomized design. The result showed that combinations of treatments had significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in the quality parameters, such as percentage of broken rice, head rice yield, and total milling recovery during milling, compared to the control. The minimum and maximum percentages of breakage for parboiled rice were 0.95 and 9.30%, which were recorded at soaking temperatures, soaking time, and steaming time of 80°C, 24 hours and 35 minutes, and 40°C, 6 hours, and 15 minutes, respectively, in contrast to the non-parboiled rice (41.73% breakage). The result showed that the highest milling recovery (90.40%) was obtained at 40°C soaking temperature, 6 hours of soaking time, and 15 minutes of steaming time compared to the control (79.30%).
{"title":"Parboiling to improve milling quality of Selam rice variety, grown in Ethiopia","authors":"Melese Ageze Mihretu, Getachew Neme Tolesa, Solomon Abera","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2258775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2258775","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional rice milling produces a high percentage (40%) of rice breakage. The parboiling process is, therefore, considered the best solution for reducing the susceptibility of the rice grain to breakage in addition to varietal characteristics and quality of milling machine. The parboiling process hardens the rice kernel enabling it to withstand the machine’s impact and reduce breakage during the milling process. The objective of this study was determining of the milling quality of a short-grain Ethiopian rice variety (Selam). A full factorial design was used to study the effects of the parboiling factors in CRD arrangement. The factors were soaking temperatures (40, 60, and 80°C), soaking times (6, 12, and 24 hours), and steaming times (15, 25, and 35 minutes) compared with the non-parboiled rice as a control using controlled randomized design. The result showed that combinations of treatments had significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in the quality parameters, such as percentage of broken rice, head rice yield, and total milling recovery during milling, compared to the control. The minimum and maximum percentages of breakage for parboiled rice were 0.95 and 9.30%, which were recorded at soaking temperatures, soaking time, and steaming time of 80°C, 24 hours and 35 minutes, and 40°C, 6 hours, and 15 minutes, respectively, in contrast to the non-parboiled rice (41.73% breakage). The result showed that the highest milling recovery (90.40%) was obtained at 40°C soaking temperature, 6 hours of soaking time, and 15 minutes of steaming time compared to the control (79.30%).","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135924650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2261838
Mark Manyanga, Tarisayi Pedzisa, Benjamine Hanyani-Mlambo
Many international policy and academic circles have explored the effects of climate change on household livelihood outcomes, such as food and nutrition security, household income, and household resilience. Yet, little attention has been paid to understanding how literature has framed adoption drivers of agroecological intensification practices, an area addressed in this study. This review consolidates available literature on how adoption impacts crop yields, food and nutrition security, household incomes, and poverty reduction in Southern Africa. We systematically reviewed 45 empirical studies on adoption drivers and the associated impacts on household livelihood outcomes. Variables affecting adoption of agroecological intensification practices are rainfall distribution and temperature, non-farm economic activities, status of soil fertility, market access, ownership of communication equipment, livestock ownership, age of household head, gender of the household head, household size, factors of production and wealth status. Majority of the reviewed publications found a positive correlation between the use of agroecological intensification practices and crop yield, food and nutrition security, household incomes, and poverty reduction. Thus, it is recommended that agricultural interventions are designed in a way that farmers have a sense of ownership to ensure continuity of adoption, and practices are tailored to the needs of the target population, taking into account both the mix of technologies and existing farmer resource constraints.
{"title":"Adoption of agroecological intensification practices in Southern Africa: A scientific review","authors":"Mark Manyanga, Tarisayi Pedzisa, Benjamine Hanyani-Mlambo","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2261838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2261838","url":null,"abstract":"Many international policy and academic circles have explored the effects of climate change on household livelihood outcomes, such as food and nutrition security, household income, and household resilience. Yet, little attention has been paid to understanding how literature has framed adoption drivers of agroecological intensification practices, an area addressed in this study. This review consolidates available literature on how adoption impacts crop yields, food and nutrition security, household incomes, and poverty reduction in Southern Africa. We systematically reviewed 45 empirical studies on adoption drivers and the associated impacts on household livelihood outcomes. Variables affecting adoption of agroecological intensification practices are rainfall distribution and temperature, non-farm economic activities, status of soil fertility, market access, ownership of communication equipment, livestock ownership, age of household head, gender of the household head, household size, factors of production and wealth status. Majority of the reviewed publications found a positive correlation between the use of agroecological intensification practices and crop yield, food and nutrition security, household incomes, and poverty reduction. Thus, it is recommended that agricultural interventions are designed in a way that farmers have a sense of ownership to ensure continuity of adoption, and practices are tailored to the needs of the target population, taking into account both the mix of technologies and existing farmer resource constraints.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135924649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2260605
Abebaw Abebe
The rapid spread of mobile phones holds the promise of transforming traditional extension into a digital extension service. To develop such a system, understanding the farmers’ service demand is a prerequisite issue. Identifying farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for mobile-based extension service has paramount importance to service system design and financial sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate farmers’ willingness to pay for agricultural extension services by using the Contingent Valuation method (CVM). A multistage sampling technique was used to select 280 households. The Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting farmers’ willingness to pay for agricultural extension service. Results reveal that 81.07 percent of the respondents are generally willing to pay for mobile phone-based extension services. On average, respondents were willing to pay for the service at 101.38 ETB annually. The results of the Tobit model indicate that the educational status of farmers' ownership of the mobile phone, information-seeking behavior of farmers, distance from home to the nearest town and access to electric power influence the willingness to pay for the service. The outcomes of the research would support policymakers to implement better design for the dissemination of mobile phone-based agricultural information to transform marginalized farmers in Ethiopia. To enhance willingness to pay, there should be a training package to farmers about mobile-based extension service through adult education and public media.
{"title":"Farmers’ willingness to pay for mobile phone-based agricultural extension service in northern Ethiopia","authors":"Abebaw Abebe","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2260605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2260605","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid spread of mobile phones holds the promise of transforming traditional extension into a digital extension service. To develop such a system, understanding the farmers’ service demand is a prerequisite issue. Identifying farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for mobile-based extension service has paramount importance to service system design and financial sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate farmers’ willingness to pay for agricultural extension services by using the Contingent Valuation method (CVM). A multistage sampling technique was used to select 280 households. The Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting farmers’ willingness to pay for agricultural extension service. Results reveal that 81.07 percent of the respondents are generally willing to pay for mobile phone-based extension services. On average, respondents were willing to pay for the service at 101.38 ETB annually. The results of the Tobit model indicate that the educational status of farmers' ownership of the mobile phone, information-seeking behavior of farmers, distance from home to the nearest town and access to electric power influence the willingness to pay for the service. The outcomes of the research would support policymakers to implement better design for the dissemination of mobile phone-based agricultural information to transform marginalized farmers in Ethiopia. To enhance willingness to pay, there should be a training package to farmers about mobile-based extension service through adult education and public media.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study uses evidence gathered from survey responses from 572 rural households in Ghana to examine the link between organic expenditure and off-farm income. To solve the endogeneity problem related to off-farm income, we use the instrumental variable Tobit model. The findings showed that expenditure on organic food was strongly and favorably connected to off-farm income. According to the disaggregated findings, female off-farm income is significantly more positively correlated with organic food expenditure than male off-farm income. The results provide practical implications for facilitating organic food consumption and eliminating food and nutrition insecurity among rural dwellers.
{"title":"The off-farm income and organic food expenditure nexus: Empirical evidence from rural Ghana","authors":"Martinson Ankrah Twumasi, Hongyun Zheng, Isaac Owusu Asante, Evans Brako Ntiamoah, Gideon Amo-Ntim","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2258845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2258845","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses evidence gathered from survey responses from 572 rural households in Ghana to examine the link between organic expenditure and off-farm income. To solve the endogeneity problem related to off-farm income, we use the instrumental variable Tobit model. The findings showed that expenditure on organic food was strongly and favorably connected to off-farm income. According to the disaggregated findings, female off-farm income is significantly more positively correlated with organic food expenditure than male off-farm income. The results provide practical implications for facilitating organic food consumption and eliminating food and nutrition insecurity among rural dwellers.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"340 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2258859
Abby ShalekBriski, Eric A. DeVuyst, Kirsten A. Baum, Kristopher L. Giles
In the US central and southern Great Plains, canola (Brassica napus) is a winter annual crop. It is pollinated by insects, particularly native bees and introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758). Canola is beset by many insect pests. Producers rely on insecticides to kill harmful insects, however, these chemicals can negatively impact pollinators. Our purpose is to provide an economic analysis comparing the positive effects of native bees and introduced honeybees in combination with the pest suppression effects of selective and broad-spectrum insecticides in Oklahoma canola production. We identify the breakeven yield necessary to support the conservation of pollinator habitat in or adjacent to canola fields. Using yields from field experiments, we found that an increase in yield ranging from 28.02 to 162.53 kg/ha from pollination justifies the conservation of pollinator habitat. The number of refuge acres and canola acres dictates the necessary yield increase. Our findings suggest that introducing honeybees for pollination of canola may not be an economically viable choice as pollination services are costly. We include analysis with the base rate of pollination service rate reduced to more closely examine this issue. The breakeven analysis with the reduced rate shows a range of 2.43 to 19.06 hectares of refuge area was needed. This analysis varies with annual crop returns and acres of canola planted. This study provides a deeper understanding of the costs and potential benefits associated with pollinator refuges and canola production and allows producers to make more informed decisions about wild pollinators and reliance on introduced honeybees.
{"title":"Economics of alternative insecticide treatments and pollinators in Winter canola","authors":"Abby ShalekBriski, Eric A. DeVuyst, Kirsten A. Baum, Kristopher L. Giles","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2258859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2258859","url":null,"abstract":"In the US central and southern Great Plains, canola (Brassica napus) is a winter annual crop. It is pollinated by insects, particularly native bees and introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758). Canola is beset by many insect pests. Producers rely on insecticides to kill harmful insects, however, these chemicals can negatively impact pollinators. Our purpose is to provide an economic analysis comparing the positive effects of native bees and introduced honeybees in combination with the pest suppression effects of selective and broad-spectrum insecticides in Oklahoma canola production. We identify the breakeven yield necessary to support the conservation of pollinator habitat in or adjacent to canola fields. Using yields from field experiments, we found that an increase in yield ranging from 28.02 to 162.53 kg/ha from pollination justifies the conservation of pollinator habitat. The number of refuge acres and canola acres dictates the necessary yield increase. Our findings suggest that introducing honeybees for pollination of canola may not be an economically viable choice as pollination services are costly. We include analysis with the base rate of pollination service rate reduced to more closely examine this issue. The breakeven analysis with the reduced rate shows a range of 2.43 to 19.06 hectares of refuge area was needed. This analysis varies with annual crop returns and acres of canola planted. This study provides a deeper understanding of the costs and potential benefits associated with pollinator refuges and canola production and allows producers to make more informed decisions about wild pollinators and reliance on introduced honeybees.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2253717
Livhuwani E. Nephale, Ngonidzashe A.G. Moyo, Mmaditshaba M. Rapatsa
The main objective in this study was to evaluate full-fat Stinkbug as an alternative protein source in the diet of Oreochromis mossambicus. Five diets were formulated to partially replace fishmeal at 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70% levels and were denoted as D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, isocaloric, and isolipidic. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish for 8 weeks. All growth performance indices declined with an increase in Stinkbug meal inclusion. The specific growth rate declined from 2.16% in the control to 1.28% in D5 (P < 0.05). The thermal-unit growth coefficient declined from 1.30 in the control to 0.72 in diet D5 (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio declined from 2.95 in the control to 1.66 in D5 (P < 0.05). However, organosomatic indices did not differ across the fish diets. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) across diets D1 to D4. No histological alterations were evident in the liver and intestine across diets. It was therefore concluded that Stinkbug meal may partially replace fishmeal at 30% replacement level in the diet of O. mossambicus without adverse effects on growth performance and nutrient utilisation indices.
{"title":"Dietary full-fat Stinkbug ( <i>Encosternum delegorguei</i> ) meal effects on growth performance, blood chemistry, liver and intestinal histology of juvenile Mozambique tilapia ( <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> )","authors":"Livhuwani E. Nephale, Ngonidzashe A.G. Moyo, Mmaditshaba M. Rapatsa","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2253717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2253717","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective in this study was to evaluate full-fat Stinkbug as an alternative protein source in the diet of Oreochromis mossambicus. Five diets were formulated to partially replace fishmeal at 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70% levels and were denoted as D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, isocaloric, and isolipidic. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish for 8 weeks. All growth performance indices declined with an increase in Stinkbug meal inclusion. The specific growth rate declined from 2.16% in the control to 1.28% in D5 (P < 0.05). The thermal-unit growth coefficient declined from 1.30 in the control to 0.72 in diet D5 (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio declined from 2.95 in the control to 1.66 in D5 (P < 0.05). However, organosomatic indices did not differ across the fish diets. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) across diets D1 to D4. No histological alterations were evident in the liver and intestine across diets. It was therefore concluded that Stinkbug meal may partially replace fishmeal at 30% replacement level in the diet of O. mossambicus without adverse effects on growth performance and nutrient utilisation indices.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2254141
Belay Tolera, Andargachew Gedebo, Esayas Tena
Knowledge of genetic diversity is essential for the effective planning of breeding experiments and successful development of an improved variety. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the genetic diversity of 196 sugarcane genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a parietal-balanced lattice design with two replications. Data on 13 agromorphological and five biochemical traits were collected and analyzed using both univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Cluster analysis grouped the entire sugarcane genotypes into five, two, and six distinct clusters, respectively, based on agro-morphological, and biochemical traits, and their combinations. The highest intercluster distances were found in clusters three and five from a study of agro-morphological traits and clusters four and five from a combination of agro-morphological, and biochemical traits. The highest intercluster distance values indicate the presence of substantial genetic variability between the genotypes of the pairing clusters, due to highly contrasting and complementing traits as demonstrated by cluster mean analysis, notably for cane and sugar yields. This suggests that cultivars with greater cane and sugar yields can be created by hybridization between the genotypes of the two divergent clusters. Cluster mean analysis based on agro-morphological and biochemical traits revealed that Cluster One genotypes have the highest average sugar yield, suggesting that these genotypes are ideal for selection and hybridization to enhance this particular trait. Generally, the evaluated genotypes have potential diversity in their agro-morphological and biochemical traits, which could be exploited. Additionally, a study of the molecular genetic diversity of these genotypes is required to complement the results of this study.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of sugarcane ( <i>Saccharum</i> spp.) genotypes based on agro-morphological and biochemical traits","authors":"Belay Tolera, Andargachew Gedebo, Esayas Tena","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2254141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2254141","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of genetic diversity is essential for the effective planning of breeding experiments and successful development of an improved variety. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the genetic diversity of 196 sugarcane genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a parietal-balanced lattice design with two replications. Data on 13 agromorphological and five biochemical traits were collected and analyzed using both univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Cluster analysis grouped the entire sugarcane genotypes into five, two, and six distinct clusters, respectively, based on agro-morphological, and biochemical traits, and their combinations. The highest intercluster distances were found in clusters three and five from a study of agro-morphological traits and clusters four and five from a combination of agro-morphological, and biochemical traits. The highest intercluster distance values indicate the presence of substantial genetic variability between the genotypes of the pairing clusters, due to highly contrasting and complementing traits as demonstrated by cluster mean analysis, notably for cane and sugar yields. This suggests that cultivars with greater cane and sugar yields can be created by hybridization between the genotypes of the two divergent clusters. Cluster mean analysis based on agro-morphological and biochemical traits revealed that Cluster One genotypes have the highest average sugar yield, suggesting that these genotypes are ideal for selection and hybridization to enhance this particular trait. Generally, the evaluated genotypes have potential diversity in their agro-morphological and biochemical traits, which could be exploited. Additionally, a study of the molecular genetic diversity of these genotypes is required to complement the results of this study.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2258772
Tikabo Gebremariam, Shumuye Belay
A feed inventory and feed balance assessment study was conducted in Adwa district of central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, with the objective to investigate available feed resources and evaluate livestock feed requirements under the smallholder mixed crop–livestock production system. Sixty livestock households were selected systematically from two farmer associations that were selected for their livestock potential. Livestock holding size, feed types, feed availability and feed demand were estimated using household interviews. Representative feed sampled were collected at field and analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and in vitro DM digestibility. Metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible CP (DCP) were estimated from equations. Feed balance was evaluated as the difference between feed supply and feed demand. The collected data were subjected to a descriptive statistical analysis. The major livestock feed resources available in the area included crop residues, crop stubble, grazing lands and mixed hay. On average, about 1.84 tonne DM feed, 13,635 MJ ME and 99.13 kg DCP were produced at farm level in year-round base. Crop residues (51%) was the dominant contributor of the annual feed resource base followed by grazing lands (34%), stubble grazing (11%) and mixed hay (4%) in descending order. A negative feed balance was seen for all nutrient types. The livestock are faced with critical deficiency of 56% DM, 52% ME and 57% DCP. This implies that the livestock production is practiced under annual feed deficit conditions.
{"title":"Determination of feed balance for smallholder mixed crop–livestock farming system in Adwa district of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Tikabo Gebremariam, Shumuye Belay","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2258772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2258772","url":null,"abstract":"A feed inventory and feed balance assessment study was conducted in Adwa district of central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, with the objective to investigate available feed resources and evaluate livestock feed requirements under the smallholder mixed crop–livestock production system. Sixty livestock households were selected systematically from two farmer associations that were selected for their livestock potential. Livestock holding size, feed types, feed availability and feed demand were estimated using household interviews. Representative feed sampled were collected at field and analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and in vitro DM digestibility. Metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible CP (DCP) were estimated from equations. Feed balance was evaluated as the difference between feed supply and feed demand. The collected data were subjected to a descriptive statistical analysis. The major livestock feed resources available in the area included crop residues, crop stubble, grazing lands and mixed hay. On average, about 1.84 tonne DM feed, 13,635 MJ ME and 99.13 kg DCP were produced at farm level in year-round base. Crop residues (51%) was the dominant contributor of the annual feed resource base followed by grazing lands (34%), stubble grazing (11%) and mixed hay (4%) in descending order. A negative feed balance was seen for all nutrient types. The livestock are faced with critical deficiency of 56% DM, 52% ME and 57% DCP. This implies that the livestock production is practiced under annual feed deficit conditions.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2258774
Esther U. Alum, Okechukwu P. C. Ugwu, Patrick M. Aja, Emmanuel I. Obeagu, Joseph E. Inya, Amarachi P. Onyeije, Esther Agu, Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
One of the prominent complications observed in those undergoing treatment with methotrexate (MTX) is hematological profile alterations which could culminate in severe anemia. In this study, we assessed the hematological profile indices in MXT-treated rats and the effect of leaf extract of Datura stramonium (LEDS) supplementation in MXT-treated rats. Ethanol (98%) was the solvent used in extraction. Animals were divided at random into four groups. Animals in group 1 received normal saline (5 mg/kg) orally and feeding was limitless and did not receive MXT. Animals in group 2 were given LEDS orally (200 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days while group 3 received 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) of MXT on day 18 via the intra-peritoneum without LEDS. Rats in group 4 were given the extract (200 mg/kg bw) and also injected with 20 mg/kg bw of MXT on day 18 of the study via the intra-peritoneum. Serum levels of hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, total white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets were determined. Rats treated with MXT had notable depletion in hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, total white blood cells, neutrophils, and platelets, unlike the control group. Interestingly, LEDS supplementation markedly restored the altered hematological profiles. MXT injection caused hematological dysfunction while co-supplementation with LEDS restored the impaired hematological indices. Therefore, LEDS could be a promising tool in arresting hematological dysfunctions accompanying MXT chemotherapy. However, we advocate for further prospective scrutiny.
{"title":"Restorative effects of ethanolic leaf extract of <i>Datura stramonium</i> against methotrexate-induced hematological impairments","authors":"Esther U. Alum, Okechukwu P. C. Ugwu, Patrick M. Aja, Emmanuel I. Obeagu, Joseph E. Inya, Amarachi P. Onyeije, Esther Agu, Chinaza Godswill Awuchi","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2258774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2258774","url":null,"abstract":"One of the prominent complications observed in those undergoing treatment with methotrexate (MTX) is hematological profile alterations which could culminate in severe anemia. In this study, we assessed the hematological profile indices in MXT-treated rats and the effect of leaf extract of Datura stramonium (LEDS) supplementation in MXT-treated rats. Ethanol (98%) was the solvent used in extraction. Animals were divided at random into four groups. Animals in group 1 received normal saline (5 mg/kg) orally and feeding was limitless and did not receive MXT. Animals in group 2 were given LEDS orally (200 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days while group 3 received 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) of MXT on day 18 via the intra-peritoneum without LEDS. Rats in group 4 were given the extract (200 mg/kg bw) and also injected with 20 mg/kg bw of MXT on day 18 of the study via the intra-peritoneum. Serum levels of hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, total white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets were determined. Rats treated with MXT had notable depletion in hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, total white blood cells, neutrophils, and platelets, unlike the control group. Interestingly, LEDS supplementation markedly restored the altered hematological profiles. MXT injection caused hematological dysfunction while co-supplementation with LEDS restored the impaired hematological indices. Therefore, LEDS could be a promising tool in arresting hematological dysfunctions accompanying MXT chemotherapy. However, we advocate for further prospective scrutiny.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2257975
Chiranjit Singha, Kishore Chandra Swain, Satiprasad Sahoo, Hazem Ghassan Abdo, Hussein Almohamad, Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi, Jasem A Albanai
A total land suitability analysis was carried out through FuzzyAHP technique for rice and potato crops in West Bengal, India. Around 21 most relevant crop suitability parameters were selected and classified under five primary criteria, such as terrain distribution parameter, static soil parameter, available soil nutrient, agriculture practice parameter, and local variation parameter for the study. The factors such as NDVI and SAVI values were estimated from Sentinel 2B images in “SNAP” toolbox software environment, whereas soil nutrients were estimated through standard laboratory methods. Individual parameter weights were assigned through the FuzzyAHP technique for sub-criteria as well as for primary criteria. The final crop suitability map was developed showing nearly 20% of the total area as highly suitable for rice crop, whereas nearly 39% of the area was found suitable for the potato crop. Comparing the prediction map with yield distribution, it was found that the southwest region of the study area is very suitable for both rice and potato crop with higher crop yields in the range of 5 t/ha and 20 t/ha, respectively. Six different machine learning models, namely random forest, support vector machine, AdaBoost, extreme gradient boosting, logistic regression, and naïve Bayes, were utilized for validation of the suitability maps. The support vector machine (SVM) learning model with the highest AUC (~80%) was found efficient for testing both rice and potato crop suitability. The economic status of farmers can be rejuvenated by selecting the best crop rotation through land suitability analysis.
{"title":"Total land suitability analysis for rice and potato crops through FuzzyAHP technique in West Bengal, India","authors":"Chiranjit Singha, Kishore Chandra Swain, Satiprasad Sahoo, Hazem Ghassan Abdo, Hussein Almohamad, Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi, Jasem A Albanai","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2257975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2257975","url":null,"abstract":"A total land suitability analysis was carried out through FuzzyAHP technique for rice and potato crops in West Bengal, India. Around 21 most relevant crop suitability parameters were selected and classified under five primary criteria, such as terrain distribution parameter, static soil parameter, available soil nutrient, agriculture practice parameter, and local variation parameter for the study. The factors such as NDVI and SAVI values were estimated from Sentinel 2B images in “SNAP” toolbox software environment, whereas soil nutrients were estimated through standard laboratory methods. Individual parameter weights were assigned through the FuzzyAHP technique for sub-criteria as well as for primary criteria. The final crop suitability map was developed showing nearly 20% of the total area as highly suitable for rice crop, whereas nearly 39% of the area was found suitable for the potato crop. Comparing the prediction map with yield distribution, it was found that the southwest region of the study area is very suitable for both rice and potato crop with higher crop yields in the range of 5 t/ha and 20 t/ha, respectively. Six different machine learning models, namely random forest, support vector machine, AdaBoost, extreme gradient boosting, logistic regression, and naïve Bayes, were utilized for validation of the suitability maps. The support vector machine (SVM) learning model with the highest AUC (~80%) was found efficient for testing both rice and potato crop suitability. The economic status of farmers can be rejuvenated by selecting the best crop rotation through land suitability analysis.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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