Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2258800
Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Abdul Rahim, Mahr Un Nisa, Khunsha Khalid, Nazir Ahmad, Nukhba Khalid, Muahammad Sarwar, Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
Egg protein (EP) may help to decrease the risk of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in infants. A 28 d research trial was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of EP on water intake, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, efficiency parameters, and anthropometric parameters in Wistar albino weaned pups. Weaning food was prepared by adding various EP in the diet (non-isonitrogenous and isocaloric) of 72 male and female rats to determine the best level for growth/development. Pups were randomly allotted to various concentrations of diet such as WF0 (soybean protein), WF1 (14% of EP), WF2 (16% of EP), and WF3 (18% of EP). Dry matter intake (DMI) was significant in pups fed with WF2 (22.66 ± 0.27 g/kg on 0 d and 27.43 ± 0.32 g/kg on 28 d) and WF3 (23.46 ± 0.28 g/kg on 0 d and 28.88 ± 0.33 g/kg on 28 d) diets as compared to the WF0 (19.30 ± 0.24 g/kg on 0 d and 26.76 ± 0.31 g/kg on 28 d) and WF1 (21.90 ± 0.26 g/kg on 0 d and 27.08 ± 0.32 g/kg on 28 day) diets. The crude fiber (CF) intake was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced by increasing the level of EP in the diets of pups, while crude protein (CP) intake was increased with an increase in the EP levels. A similar trend was observed in ether extract (EE) intake. The DMI, CP, and EE digestibility were highest in pups fed the WF3 diet. Likewise, a trend was noticed in the protein efficiency ratio, while the highest feed consumption ratio and consumption index were observed in pups fed a control diet. The weight gain and body length were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased in the pups fed with the different concentrations of EP. The WF3 diet showed better growth after the best digestibility of the nutrients in pups and could therefore be recommended as an infant weaning food.
鸡蛋蛋白(EP)可能有助于降低婴儿蛋白质能量营养不良(PEM)的风险。本试验旨在研究不同水平EP对Wistar白化病断奶幼犬采食量、采食量、营养物质消化率、效率参数和人体测量参数的影响。在72只雌雄大鼠的非等氮、等热量日粮中添加不同EP，以确定其生长发育的最佳水平。将幼鼠随机分配到不同浓度的饲粮中，如WF0(大豆蛋白)、WF1 (14% EP)、WF2 (16% EP)和WF3 (18% EP)。干物质摄入(DMI)是重要的在幼崽美联储WF2(22.66±0.27 g / kg 0 d和d) 28日27.43±0.32 g / kg和WF3(23.46±0.28 g / kg 0 d和d) 28日28.88±0.33克/公斤饮食而WF0(19.30±0.24 g / kg 0 d和d) 28日26.76±0.31 g / kg和WF1(21.90±0.26 g / kg 0 d和27.08±0.32克/公斤28天)饮食。饲粮中EP水平的升高显著(P≤0.05)降低了粗纤维(CF)采食量，而粗蛋白质(CP)采食量随EP水平的升高而升高。在脂肪提取物(EE)摄入量中也观察到类似的趋势。WF3日粮的DMI、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪消化率最高。同样，蛋白质效率也有一定的变化趋势，而饲料消耗率和消耗指数在对照组饲粮中最高。饲喂不同浓度EP的幼崽增重和体长均显著(P≤0.05)提高。WF3日粮在营养物质消化率达到最佳水平后生长较好，可作为断奶仔猪的推荐饲料。
{"title":"Digestibility, intake, and growth performance of egg protein replaced with vegetable protein in weaning food","authors":"Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Abdul Rahim, Mahr Un Nisa, Khunsha Khalid, Nazir Ahmad, Nukhba Khalid, Muahammad Sarwar, Chinaza Godswill Awuchi","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2258800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2258800","url":null,"abstract":"Egg protein (EP) may help to decrease the risk of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in infants. A 28 d research trial was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of EP on water intake, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, efficiency parameters, and anthropometric parameters in Wistar albino weaned pups. Weaning food was prepared by adding various EP in the diet (non-isonitrogenous and isocaloric) of 72 male and female rats to determine the best level for growth/development. Pups were randomly allotted to various concentrations of diet such as WF0 (soybean protein), WF1 (14% of EP), WF2 (16% of EP), and WF3 (18% of EP). Dry matter intake (DMI) was significant in pups fed with WF2 (22.66 ± 0.27 g/kg on 0 d and 27.43 ± 0.32 g/kg on 28 d) and WF3 (23.46 ± 0.28 g/kg on 0 d and 28.88 ± 0.33 g/kg on 28 d) diets as compared to the WF0 (19.30 ± 0.24 g/kg on 0 d and 26.76 ± 0.31 g/kg on 28 d) and WF1 (21.90 ± 0.26 g/kg on 0 d and 27.08 ± 0.32 g/kg on 28 day) diets. The crude fiber (CF) intake was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced by increasing the level of EP in the diets of pups, while crude protein (CP) intake was increased with an increase in the EP levels. A similar trend was observed in ether extract (EE) intake. The DMI, CP, and EE digestibility were highest in pups fed the WF3 diet. Likewise, a trend was noticed in the protein efficiency ratio, while the highest feed consumption ratio and consumption index were observed in pups fed a control diet. The weight gain and body length were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased in the pups fed with the different concentrations of EP. The WF3 diet showed better growth after the best digestibility of the nutrients in pups and could therefore be recommended as an infant weaning food.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2256137
Andrew Tapiwa Kugedera, Taruvinga Badza, Alfred Oduor Odindo
Abstract Soil fertility degradation is one of the major constraints in smallholder farming environments especially in the semi-arid region of Sub-Saharan Africa. This has been worsened by poor farming methods, lack of technical knowledge and inadequate application of nutrient sources by farmers. The use of mineral fertiliser alone has been cost ineffective and causes land degradation. Although several soil fertility management (SFM) practices have been put forward, knowledge about their benefits, access and adoption by smallholder farmers is still limited. Synthetic review of published articles obtained from Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus which cover semi-arid regions across Africa were retrieved and synthesied. Farmers have been applying low organic manure (<5 t ha−1) against the recommended rate of 20–40 t ha−1 depending on soil texture and this caused low crop yields. This call for farmers to adopt integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) practices to improve nutrient availability and crop yields. The use of ISFM has been reported to increase maize yields by 15–145% in semi-arid areas. Maize yields varies from 4200 to 5500 kg ha−1 and sorghum from 690 to 3500 kg ha−1 under ISFM. Yield increment for various crops with the use of cattle manure integrated with other nutrient sources was reported but there are still few studies where effects compost, farmyard manure and poultry manure were combined with inorganic fertiliser were evaluated. Therefore, this review paper seeks to synthesise the effects of ISFM practices available for smallholder farming systems in semi-arid areas of sub-Saharan Africa to improve crop production.
{"title":"Integrated soil fertility management practices for improved crop production in smallholder farming systems of semi-arid areas: A synthetic review","authors":"Andrew Tapiwa Kugedera, Taruvinga Badza, Alfred Oduor Odindo","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2256137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2256137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil fertility degradation is one of the major constraints in smallholder farming environments especially in the semi-arid region of Sub-Saharan Africa. This has been worsened by poor farming methods, lack of technical knowledge and inadequate application of nutrient sources by farmers. The use of mineral fertiliser alone has been cost ineffective and causes land degradation. Although several soil fertility management (SFM) practices have been put forward, knowledge about their benefits, access and adoption by smallholder farmers is still limited. Synthetic review of published articles obtained from Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus which cover semi-arid regions across Africa were retrieved and synthesied. Farmers have been applying low organic manure (<5 t ha−1) against the recommended rate of 20–40 t ha−1 depending on soil texture and this caused low crop yields. This call for farmers to adopt integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) practices to improve nutrient availability and crop yields. The use of ISFM has been reported to increase maize yields by 15–145% in semi-arid areas. Maize yields varies from 4200 to 5500 kg ha−1 and sorghum from 690 to 3500 kg ha−1 under ISFM. Yield increment for various crops with the use of cattle manure integrated with other nutrient sources was reported but there are still few studies where effects compost, farmyard manure and poultry manure were combined with inorganic fertiliser were evaluated. Therefore, this review paper seeks to synthesise the effects of ISFM practices available for smallholder farming systems in semi-arid areas of sub-Saharan Africa to improve crop production.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2253716
Laurenda F. Honfozo, Imayath M. Djibril Moussa, Laurent Adinsi, Alexandre Bouniol, Sounkoura Adetonah, Flora J. Chadare, Wilfried S. Padonou, Joseph D. Hounhouigan, Lora Forsythe, Noël H. Akissoe
Abstract Cassava is one of the most common food crops grown and consumed in many parts of Africa, and boiled cassava is especially popular in West Africa. However, its quality characteristics and attributes are not well documented. This study aimed at generating data to produce useful information on cassava trait preferences for boiling. To understand end-users’ trait-preferences for raw and boiled cassava, the study used a mix of approaches including a qualitative survey, process diagnosis and consumer testing. Gender-disaggregated data on cassava varieties were clustered into three categories: “common varieties with similar rank”, “common varieties but differently ranked” and “varieties exclusively cited by women or men”. Raw cassava root for making high-quality boiled cassava should have cracked peel, a sweet taste, and white flesh. Irrespective of cassava varieties, the three descriptors: “hard to break in the hand”, “not crumbly in the mouth” and “too bitter tasting” greatly penalized the overall liking, lowering values by a range of 2.2 to 2.6 on a nine-point scale (i.e. by about a quarter). Accordingly, high-quality boiled cassava should be attractive with white, homogenous flesh, a sweet taste, easy to break in the hand, crumbly in the mouth, and fiber-free.
{"title":"Cross-approaches for advising cassava trait-preferences for boiling","authors":"Laurenda F. Honfozo, Imayath M. Djibril Moussa, Laurent Adinsi, Alexandre Bouniol, Sounkoura Adetonah, Flora J. Chadare, Wilfried S. Padonou, Joseph D. Hounhouigan, Lora Forsythe, Noël H. Akissoe","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2253716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2253716","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cassava is one of the most common food crops grown and consumed in many parts of Africa, and boiled cassava is especially popular in West Africa. However, its quality characteristics and attributes are not well documented. This study aimed at generating data to produce useful information on cassava trait preferences for boiling. To understand end-users’ trait-preferences for raw and boiled cassava, the study used a mix of approaches including a qualitative survey, process diagnosis and consumer testing. Gender-disaggregated data on cassava varieties were clustered into three categories: “common varieties with similar rank”, “common varieties but differently ranked” and “varieties exclusively cited by women or men”. Raw cassava root for making high-quality boiled cassava should have cracked peel, a sweet taste, and white flesh. Irrespective of cassava varieties, the three descriptors: “hard to break in the hand”, “not crumbly in the mouth” and “too bitter tasting” greatly penalized the overall liking, lowering values by a range of 2.2 to 2.6 on a nine-point scale (i.e. by about a quarter). Accordingly, high-quality boiled cassava should be attractive with white, homogenous flesh, a sweet taste, easy to break in the hand, crumbly in the mouth, and fiber-free.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2256136
Evan Bassam Dayoub, Zoltan Tóth, Angela Anda
Abstract A pressing need has come to the fore to improve sustainability as well as the use of low-cost agricultural organic materials that boost both poor soil characteristics, leading to better plant growth, while at the same time developing resilience to climate change effects. To achieve this purpose, biochar (BC), a carbon-rich by-product of organic matter pyrolysis under high temperatures and partial or complete hypoxia known for its porous nature, affects both soil physiochemical properties and evapotranspiration (ET). In this article, the history and definition of BC were investigated. Current knowledge about BC’s production process, how BC alters soil’s physical and chemical properties, and the most recent studies on BC soil amendment interaction with various plants’ ET were examined. This review concludes that BC is a paramount carbonaceous material that improves both physical and chemical properties of soils, depending on biochar dose, soil texture and initial soil pH, leading to better moisture and macronutrient availability which possibly be the reason behind increasing ET at low doses of BC amended soils.
{"title":"Biochar and its effects on soil properties and evapotranspiration: A sustainable solution for plant growth","authors":"Evan Bassam Dayoub, Zoltan Tóth, Angela Anda","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2256136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2256136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A pressing need has come to the fore to improve sustainability as well as the use of low-cost agricultural organic materials that boost both poor soil characteristics, leading to better plant growth, while at the same time developing resilience to climate change effects. To achieve this purpose, biochar (BC), a carbon-rich by-product of organic matter pyrolysis under high temperatures and partial or complete hypoxia known for its porous nature, affects both soil physiochemical properties and evapotranspiration (ET). In this article, the history and definition of BC were investigated. Current knowledge about BC’s production process, how BC alters soil’s physical and chemical properties, and the most recent studies on BC soil amendment interaction with various plants’ ET were examined. This review concludes that BC is a paramount carbonaceous material that improves both physical and chemical properties of soils, depending on biochar dose, soil texture and initial soil pH, leading to better moisture and macronutrient availability which possibly be the reason behind increasing ET at low doses of BC amended soils.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-10DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2256556
Fred Ankuyi, Enoch Kwame Tham-Agyekum, Daniel Ankrah, Akua Yeboah Oduro-Owusu, John-Eudes Andivi Bakang, David Boansi, Solomon Asirifi
Abstract Studies have shown that farmers appear to deviate from set certification standards after they have passed audits and received their certificate. This usually makes them vulnerable and affects their livelihood assets. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the nexus between certified smallholder cocoa farmers’ continual compliance with sustainable agriculture standard (SAS) and their livelihood assets. The research was conducted in the Sefwi Wiawso Municipality of Ghana. Data were collected from a survey of 400 cocoa farmers. Ordered logistic regression modelling, Chi-square test, frequencies, means, standard deviations, and percentages were used to analyze data. The findings show that 43.5% of the certified cocoa farmers complied moderately with SAS. Gender, farm size, land ownership, access to credit, engaging in income-generating activities outside of farming, assistance provided by License Buying Companies and extension contact were the determinants of farmers’ level of compliance with SAS. The study revealed a statistically significant association between farmer compliance and livelihood assets. Efforts to increase access to credit for cocoa farmers must be accompanied by efforts to promote and educate farmers on sustainable farming practices.
{"title":"Beyond certification: Investigating the nexus between compliance with sustainable agriculture standard and livelihood assets of certified smallholder cocoa farmers in Ghana","authors":"Fred Ankuyi, Enoch Kwame Tham-Agyekum, Daniel Ankrah, Akua Yeboah Oduro-Owusu, John-Eudes Andivi Bakang, David Boansi, Solomon Asirifi","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2256556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2256556","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Studies have shown that farmers appear to deviate from set certification standards after they have passed audits and received their certificate. This usually makes them vulnerable and affects their livelihood assets. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the nexus between certified smallholder cocoa farmers’ continual compliance with sustainable agriculture standard (SAS) and their livelihood assets. The research was conducted in the Sefwi Wiawso Municipality of Ghana. Data were collected from a survey of 400 cocoa farmers. Ordered logistic regression modelling, Chi-square test, frequencies, means, standard deviations, and percentages were used to analyze data. The findings show that 43.5% of the certified cocoa farmers complied moderately with SAS. Gender, farm size, land ownership, access to credit, engaging in income-generating activities outside of farming, assistance provided by License Buying Companies and extension contact were the determinants of farmers’ level of compliance with SAS. The study revealed a statistically significant association between farmer compliance and livelihood assets. Efforts to increase access to credit for cocoa farmers must be accompanied by efforts to promote and educate farmers on sustainable farming practices.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2253714
Radhika Jain, S. Goomer
Abstract In recent times, extrusion cooking is being used to develop nutrient-dense products with an aim to benefit humans and to cater their nutritional requirements. The present paper discusses various aspects of twin-screw extrusion cooking and behaviour of its process parameters in relation to cereal–pulse blend. Profiling of raw material, i.e. moisture, protein, lipid, and starch, along with the assessment of product parameters including expansion ratio, bulk density, water absorption index, and water solubility index has been extensively reviewed to develop a desirable product. Therefore, in the present review paper, extrusion cooking has been highlighted and discussed in detail as a suitable technology for the development of cereal–pulse-based snacks/products.
{"title":"Understanding extrusion technology for cereal–pulse blends: A review","authors":"Radhika Jain, S. Goomer","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2253714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2253714","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent times, extrusion cooking is being used to develop nutrient-dense products with an aim to benefit humans and to cater their nutritional requirements. The present paper discusses various aspects of twin-screw extrusion cooking and behaviour of its process parameters in relation to cereal–pulse blend. Profiling of raw material, i.e. moisture, protein, lipid, and starch, along with the assessment of product parameters including expansion ratio, bulk density, water absorption index, and water solubility index has been extensively reviewed to develop a desirable product. Therefore, in the present review paper, extrusion cooking has been highlighted and discussed in detail as a suitable technology for the development of cereal–pulse-based snacks/products.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46295064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2249928
Stephen Prah, B. Asante, R. Aidoo, J. Mensah, Fred Nimoh
Abstract There have been rising concerns about the implementation and effective monitoring of the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) programme in Ghana. This paper examines farmers’ perceptions and impact of the PFJ programme on yield and profitability of maize in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Using data from 400 maize producers, we employ perception indices, endogenous regression, propensity score matching and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment approach to evaluate farmers’ perceptions about the programme and investigate the determinants of farmers’ participation in the PFJ programme and its impact on maize yield and profitability. Our results showed that farmers have a positive perception about the PFJ programme. Furthermore, the key factors influencing participation in PFJ are years of formal education, political affiliation, farm size, experience in maize farming, marital status, offfarm income, credit access, political affiliation and distance from farmer location to district capital. In addition, the results show that the PFJ programme has a significant positive impact on maize yield and profitability. For effective participation, the interventions should target educated farmers with large farm sizes- and living farther from the district capital. There is the need for periodic sensitization and education of farmers to encourage participation in the PFJ programme for improved yield and profitability.
{"title":"Impact of agricultural policy intervention on yield and profitability of maize farmers: The case of Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) programme in Ghana","authors":"Stephen Prah, B. Asante, R. Aidoo, J. Mensah, Fred Nimoh","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2249928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2249928","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There have been rising concerns about the implementation and effective monitoring of the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) programme in Ghana. This paper examines farmers’ perceptions and impact of the PFJ programme on yield and profitability of maize in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Using data from 400 maize producers, we employ perception indices, endogenous regression, propensity score matching and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment approach to evaluate farmers’ perceptions about the programme and investigate the determinants of farmers’ participation in the PFJ programme and its impact on maize yield and profitability. Our results showed that farmers have a positive perception about the PFJ programme. Furthermore, the key factors influencing participation in PFJ are years of formal education, political affiliation, farm size, experience in maize farming, marital status, offfarm income, credit access, political affiliation and distance from farmer location to district capital. In addition, the results show that the PFJ programme has a significant positive impact on maize yield and profitability. For effective participation, the interventions should target educated farmers with large farm sizes- and living farther from the district capital. There is the need for periodic sensitization and education of farmers to encourage participation in the PFJ programme for improved yield and profitability.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49495099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2253715
Qianqian Wang, R. Cheng, Wangfang Xu
Abstract With the increased opening of China’s dairy industry to the outside world and the cost advantages of imported dairy products, China’s dairy product import trade has grown rapidly in recent years. The rapidly changing global trading system highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of China’s relationship with the world market as a major global importer of dairy products. In this study, on the basis of analyzing the mechanism of volatility spillover and the structure of China’s milk powder import trade, we selected Global Dairy Trade (GDT)’s milk powder as the representative of international milk powder and investigated the volatility spillover effect between GDT milk powder and China’s raw milk markets by using the Baba-Engle-Kraft-Kroner (BEKK)-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) (1,1) model. The results showed that there was a bidirectional volatility spillover effect between GDT whole milk powder and China’s raw milk market; however, there was a unidirectional volatility spillover effect between the GDT skim milk powder and China’s raw milk market. China’s raw milk market had no volatility spillover effect on the GDT skim milk powder market.
{"title":"Assessing volatility spillover effect between international milk powder and China’s raw milk markets in the context of import growth","authors":"Qianqian Wang, R. Cheng, Wangfang Xu","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2253715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2253715","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the increased opening of China’s dairy industry to the outside world and the cost advantages of imported dairy products, China’s dairy product import trade has grown rapidly in recent years. The rapidly changing global trading system highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of China’s relationship with the world market as a major global importer of dairy products. In this study, on the basis of analyzing the mechanism of volatility spillover and the structure of China’s milk powder import trade, we selected Global Dairy Trade (GDT)’s milk powder as the representative of international milk powder and investigated the volatility spillover effect between GDT milk powder and China’s raw milk markets by using the Baba-Engle-Kraft-Kroner (BEKK)-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) (1,1) model. The results showed that there was a bidirectional volatility spillover effect between GDT whole milk powder and China’s raw milk market; however, there was a unidirectional volatility spillover effect between the GDT skim milk powder and China’s raw milk market. China’s raw milk market had no volatility spillover effect on the GDT skim milk powder market.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2254139
Yohannes Gelaye, Belete Negash
Abstract Baculovirus play a major role in the control of insect pests that reduce the negative effect of synthetic insecticides on non-target groups and latter improve the integrated pest management for sustainable, effective and economical insect pest management practices. However, its impact on the control of insect pests is not well recognized. This review assesses the role of baculoviruses in controlling insect pests and indicates future research areas. Many viruses occur naturally, but some are produced commercially. Baculovirus is one of the microbial biopesticides that play an important role in providing pest management tools in areas where pesticide resistance, niche markets, and environmental concerns reduce the use of synthetic insecticide products. The Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus are the two major groups of baculoviruses used as microbial biocontrol agents. Baculoviruses are important for insect pest management, reducing insecticide resistance and host specificity. On the other hand, the high specificity of baculoviruses is reported as a limitation for agricultural uses, since growers may need one product to use against a different pest. However, virologists have been working on increase the effectiveness of viral biocontrol agents through genetic engineering. Genetic engineering plays a vital role to improve insect killing rates, infectivity, and ultraviolet resistance to enhance viruses for insect control. Recombinant viruses have been engineered with the goal of shortening the time required for infection to kill insect pests. Still now, commercialization of baculoviruses is a major challenge, therefore researchers and stakeholders give attention to optimize massive production of baculoviruses for integrated insect pest management.
{"title":"The role of baculoviruses in controlling insect pests: A review","authors":"Yohannes Gelaye, Belete Negash","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2254139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2254139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Baculovirus play a major role in the control of insect pests that reduce the negative effect of synthetic insecticides on non-target groups and latter improve the integrated pest management for sustainable, effective and economical insect pest management practices. However, its impact on the control of insect pests is not well recognized. This review assesses the role of baculoviruses in controlling insect pests and indicates future research areas. Many viruses occur naturally, but some are produced commercially. Baculovirus is one of the microbial biopesticides that play an important role in providing pest management tools in areas where pesticide resistance, niche markets, and environmental concerns reduce the use of synthetic insecticide products. The Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus are the two major groups of baculoviruses used as microbial biocontrol agents. Baculoviruses are important for insect pest management, reducing insecticide resistance and host specificity. On the other hand, the high specificity of baculoviruses is reported as a limitation for agricultural uses, since growers may need one product to use against a different pest. However, virologists have been working on increase the effectiveness of viral biocontrol agents through genetic engineering. Genetic engineering plays a vital role to improve insect killing rates, infectivity, and ultraviolet resistance to enhance viruses for insect control. Recombinant viruses have been engineered with the goal of shortening the time required for infection to kill insect pests. Still now, commercialization of baculoviruses is a major challenge, therefore researchers and stakeholders give attention to optimize massive production of baculoviruses for integrated insect pest management.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45774265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2023.2238408
Daud Suleman, Shahid Bashir, Faiz Ul Hassan Shah, Ali Ikram, Muhammad Zia Shahid, Tabussam Tufail, Ammar Ahmad Khan, Fasiha Ahsan, Saadia Ambreen, Awais Raza, Mohamed Hassan Mohamed
Peanut is the most important oil seed in the world and is becoming a valuable source of plant protein and other important functional ingredients. The present study was designed to explore the nutritional, microbiological, and sensorial properties of the functional cookies enriched with defatted peanut cake flour (DPCF). Peanut seeds were roasted in a microwave, and oil was extracted using a mechanical extruder. The leftover peanut cake residues were collected and utilized for the development of cookies. The mechanical grinder was used to grind the peanut cake into flour. Afterward, DPCF was added at different levels (0, 3, 7, 10, and 14%) to prepare functional and therapeutic cookies. The cookies were tested for their biochemical (proximate, mineral, and antioxidant), microbiological (Mold count), physical, and sensorial attributes. The results showed that the mineral content i.e. calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, manganese, phosphorus, and potassium in the wheat and DPCF were 21, 1.21, 23, 0.80, 0.73, 137, 134.62 and 178.5, 3.81, 49.68, 5.28, 4.95, 730, 1266.50 mg/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant profile of functional cookies was found to be best in the T4 (14% peanut cake flour) TPC (4.33 ± 0.08 GAE mg/g) and DPPH (1.11 ± 0.06 AAE mg/g), whereas the Control sample has the lowest TPC (1.04 ± 0.02 GAE mg/g) and DPPH (0.18 ± 0.01 AAE mg/g). The thickness, diameter and spread ratio were 3.94–5.54, 31.09–24.98 and 7.82–5.1 mm, respectively. In conclusion, defatted peanut cake flour (DPCF) is a great option to be added in precise amounts (14% of the total) to fill the nutritional gap in cookies.
{"title":"Nutritional and functional properties of cookies enriched with defatted peanut cake flour","authors":"Daud Suleman, Shahid Bashir, Faiz Ul Hassan Shah, Ali Ikram, Muhammad Zia Shahid, Tabussam Tufail, Ammar Ahmad Khan, Fasiha Ahsan, Saadia Ambreen, Awais Raza, Mohamed Hassan Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2023.2238408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2238408","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut is the most important oil seed in the world and is becoming a valuable source of plant protein and other important functional ingredients. The present study was designed to explore the nutritional, microbiological, and sensorial properties of the functional cookies enriched with defatted peanut cake flour (DPCF). Peanut seeds were roasted in a microwave, and oil was extracted using a mechanical extruder. The leftover peanut cake residues were collected and utilized for the development of cookies. The mechanical grinder was used to grind the peanut cake into flour. Afterward, DPCF was added at different levels (0, 3, 7, 10, and 14%) to prepare functional and therapeutic cookies. The cookies were tested for their biochemical (proximate, mineral, and antioxidant), microbiological (Mold count), physical, and sensorial attributes. The results showed that the mineral content i.e. calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, manganese, phosphorus, and potassium in the wheat and DPCF were 21, 1.21, 23, 0.80, 0.73, 137, 134.62 and 178.5, 3.81, 49.68, 5.28, 4.95, 730, 1266.50 mg/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant profile of functional cookies was found to be best in the T4 (14% peanut cake flour) TPC (4.33 ± 0.08 GAE mg/g) and DPPH (1.11 ± 0.06 AAE mg/g), whereas the Control sample has the lowest TPC (1.04 ± 0.02 GAE mg/g) and DPPH (0.18 ± 0.01 AAE mg/g). The thickness, diameter and spread ratio were 3.94–5.54, 31.09–24.98 and 7.82–5.1 mm, respectively. In conclusion, defatted peanut cake flour (DPCF) is a great option to be added in precise amounts (14% of the total) to fill the nutritional gap in cookies.","PeriodicalId":10521,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135499467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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