Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of hypnosis 1) to reduce dental anxiety in periodontal patients, and 2) to increase periodontal patients’ compliance through the reduction of dental anxiety. Methods: This was a randomized control trial of 22 patients (13 males, 9 females; 40.14 ± 19.59 years) who underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy in the Postgraduate and Undergraduate Clinics. Patients were divided into the case, H, (hypnosis; n=11) and controlled, N, (no hypnosis; n=11) groups, where patients’ dental anxiety level was assessed twice for both groups using IDAF-4C+ during the first visit and the second visit. The compliance was evaluated during the follow-up visit. Results: The result showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the H group during the second visit indicating a reduction in dental anxiety as compared to N group. However, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in the pattern of reduction of blood pressure between both case and control groups. Based on the heart rate, patients were found to be more relaxed with hypnotherapy at the beginning of the treatment but halfway through, patients without hypnotherapy had a more significant reduction in heart rate level. Conclusion: Hypnotic suggestions were found to help reduce patient’s fear and anxiety. However, the compliance of the patients with or without hypnotherapy proved to have a similar outcome.
{"title":"Influence of Hypnotic Suggestions to Increase Periodontal Patients' Compliance","authors":"R. Abdul Halim, H. Mohamad, A. Zulkiflee, E. Noor","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17480","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of hypnosis 1) to reduce dental anxiety in periodontal patients, and 2) to increase periodontal patients’ compliance through the reduction of dental anxiety. Methods: This was a randomized control trial of 22 patients (13 males, 9 females; 40.14 ± 19.59 years) who underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy in the Postgraduate and Undergraduate Clinics. Patients were divided into the case, H, (hypnosis; n=11) and controlled, N, (no hypnosis; n=11) groups, where patients’ dental anxiety level was assessed twice for both groups using IDAF-4C+ during the first visit and the second visit. The compliance was evaluated during the follow-up visit. Results: The result showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the H group during the second visit indicating a reduction in dental anxiety as compared to N group. However, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in the pattern of reduction of blood pressure between both case and control groups. Based on the heart rate, patients were found to be more relaxed with hypnotherapy at the beginning of the treatment but halfway through, patients without hypnotherapy had a more significant reduction in heart rate level. Conclusion: Hypnotic suggestions were found to help reduce patient’s fear and anxiety. However, the compliance of the patients with or without hypnotherapy proved to have a similar outcome.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82089145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To describe the distribution and association of dental and occlusal anomalies to gender in children of mixed and early permanent dentition. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling based on the main ethnic composition involving 413 subjects aged between 9 and 11 years old enrolled in 7 national primary schools in Sungai Buloh, Selangor. A calibrated operator carried out clinical examinations, and study models were fabricated. All dental and occlusal anomalies were recorded accordingly and were analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the gender-based differences for various parameters. Results: The reported dental anomalies were supernumeraries and clinically missing teeth (impacted or hypodontia) with a prevalence of 1.5% and 6.3%, respectively. The occlusal abnormalities were: crowding (54.0%), sagittal discrepancies (overjet; increased, reduced, and reversed overjet: 55.5%), vertical discrepancies (overbite; increased, reduced, and open bite: 37.5%) and transverse discrepancies (unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite: 5.1%). Gender-based differences were not statistically significant to all reported dental and occlusal anomalies (p>0.05). Conclusions: Children in the mixed and early permanent dentition showed various dental and occlusal anomalies with crowding being the highest anomaly. Gender was not associated with any type of dental or occlusal characteristics in the studied population.
{"title":"Characteristics and Association of Gender to Dental and Occlusal Anomalies in Malaysian Primary School Children","authors":"NN Zakaria, SD Sinniah, A. Venkiteswaran","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17485","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To describe the distribution and association of dental and occlusal anomalies to gender in children of mixed and early permanent dentition. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling based on the main ethnic composition involving 413 subjects aged between 9 and 11 years old enrolled in 7 national primary schools in Sungai Buloh, Selangor. A calibrated operator carried out clinical examinations, and study models were fabricated. All dental and occlusal anomalies were recorded accordingly and were analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the gender-based differences for various parameters. Results: The reported dental anomalies were supernumeraries and clinically missing teeth (impacted or hypodontia) with a prevalence of 1.5% and 6.3%, respectively. The occlusal abnormalities were: crowding (54.0%), sagittal discrepancies (overjet; increased, reduced, and reversed overjet: 55.5%), vertical discrepancies (overbite; increased, reduced, and open bite: 37.5%) and transverse discrepancies (unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite: 5.1%). Gender-based differences were not statistically significant to all reported dental and occlusal anomalies (p>0.05). Conclusions: Children in the mixed and early permanent dentition showed various dental and occlusal anomalies with crowding being the highest anomaly. Gender was not associated with any type of dental or occlusal characteristics in the studied population.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88944609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Berhanuddin, NF Mohamad, Aaeid Ayoub, M. Kamaruzaman, IH Baharuddin, IH Ismail
Background: Electronic Apex Locators (EAL) has been increasingly used to facilitate working length determination in endodontics. This instrument is becoming more important to be used in addition to radiographs. A steep learning curve has existed between EAL use in the clinical, from the pre-clinical settings. Objectives: To fabricate a model that will facilitate dental students to use Electronic Apex Locator (EAL) in the dental simulation clinic and to conduct a questionnaire-based survey to investigate Electronic Apex Locator Model (EALM) effectiveness. Materials and Methods: Construction of model master jaw, EALM, using materials available in the prosthetic laboratory. The model can be mounted on the phantom head which when connected to an EAL will simulate its clinical use. A validated questionnaire was distributed to a group of n=10 pre-clinical students before and after demonstration conducted at the simulation clinic. Results: A prototype EALM was successfully fabricated at Universiti Teknologi MARA Dental Prosthetic Laboratory. with features incorporating conductive-media-chamber, with attached anatomically-correct fabricated model teeth. The teeth were constructed incorporating continuous access cavity, root canal, through to a patent apex. When attached to the jaw model, the electrical circuit was connected allowing EAL to function. Conclusion: EALM can be conveniently constructed at the Dental Prosthetic Laboratory by using materials readily available here. Furthermore, a steep learning curve exist between pre-clinical and clinical studies was bridged by the use this EALM and this allowed familiarity of clinical handling EAL. However, this study was limited by the small number of students exposed to this new method. Further prospective study is required by increasing the sample size to provide more significant results.
{"title":"Model to Aid Teaching of Electronic Apex Locator Use for Endodontics in Dental Pre-Clinical Training – A UiTM Experience Pilot Study","authors":"M. Berhanuddin, NF Mohamad, Aaeid Ayoub, M. Kamaruzaman, IH Baharuddin, IH Ismail","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17483","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Electronic Apex Locators (EAL) has been increasingly used to facilitate working length determination in endodontics. This instrument is becoming more important to be used in addition to radiographs. A steep learning curve has existed between EAL use in the clinical, from the pre-clinical settings. Objectives: To fabricate a model that will facilitate dental students to use Electronic Apex Locator (EAL) in the dental simulation clinic and to conduct a questionnaire-based survey to investigate Electronic Apex Locator Model (EALM) effectiveness. Materials and Methods: Construction of model master jaw, EALM, using materials available in the prosthetic laboratory. The model can be mounted on the phantom head which when connected to an EAL will simulate its clinical use. A validated questionnaire was distributed to a group of n=10 pre-clinical students before and after demonstration conducted at the simulation clinic. Results: A prototype EALM was successfully fabricated at Universiti Teknologi MARA Dental Prosthetic Laboratory. with features incorporating conductive-media-chamber, with attached anatomically-correct fabricated model teeth. The teeth were constructed incorporating continuous access cavity, root canal, through to a patent apex. When attached to the jaw model, the electrical circuit was connected allowing EAL to function. Conclusion: EALM can be conveniently constructed at the Dental Prosthetic Laboratory by using materials readily available here. Furthermore, a steep learning curve exist between pre-clinical and clinical studies was bridged by the use this EALM and this allowed familiarity of clinical handling EAL. However, this study was limited by the small number of students exposed to this new method. Further prospective study is required by increasing the sample size to provide more significant results.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87594133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mohamed Zohdi, MF Nasruddin, M. Sanusi, Mastura M. Nordin, MR Rusli
Objectives: This study aimed to assess intra- and inter-examiner reliability of International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and modified epidemiology ICDAS (MOD) code by undergraduate dental students with different clinical experiences. Methods: A total of 150 dental undergraduate students with varying clinical experiences (0, 1 and 2 years of clinical experience) were recruited. Participants received training through a theoretical lecture on ICDAS criteria by an experienced National Benchmark Group (NBG) examiner and underwent e-learning program prior to ICDAS calibration. Visual examination on extracted permanent teeth (N= 45) with different location and stages of caries progression ranging from ICDAS scores 0 to 6, was performed using the ICDAS criteria. The assessments were repeated after one hour. The data were analysed to evaluate inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability in the form of kappa scores using SPSS 23 Software. Results: Mean kappa values for intra- and inter-examiner reliability for ICDAS code, were between 0.41 to 0.60, and 0.61 to 0.80 respectively. For MOD code, mean kappa values for intra- and inter-examiner reliability were between 0.61 to 0.80. Good intra-examiner agreement (>0.61) was observed in both ICDAS and MOD code for all groups. Conclusion: All students performed similar agreement, therefore, clinical experience within 2 years does not influence the performance of visual inspection in detecting caries using ICDAS. The results of the study shows that ICDAS and modified epidemiology ICDAS codes has good reproducibility and is feasible to be used as a tool in clinical practice as well as patient education.
{"title":"Performance of Dental Undergraduate Students using International Caries Detection and Assessment system (ICDAS)","authors":"N. Mohamed Zohdi, MF Nasruddin, M. Sanusi, Mastura M. Nordin, MR Rusli","doi":"10.24191/cos.v7i0.17490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v7i0.17490","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to assess intra- and inter-examiner reliability of International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and modified epidemiology ICDAS (MOD) code by undergraduate dental students with different clinical experiences. Methods: A total of 150 dental undergraduate students with varying clinical experiences (0, 1 and 2 years of clinical experience) were recruited. Participants received training through a theoretical lecture on ICDAS criteria by an experienced National Benchmark Group (NBG) examiner and underwent e-learning program prior to ICDAS calibration. Visual examination on extracted permanent teeth (N= 45) with different location and stages of caries progression ranging from ICDAS scores 0 to 6, was performed using the ICDAS criteria. The assessments were repeated after one hour. The data were analysed to evaluate inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability in the form of kappa scores using SPSS 23 Software. Results: Mean kappa values for intra- and inter-examiner reliability for ICDAS code, were between 0.41 to 0.60, and 0.61 to 0.80 respectively. For MOD code, mean kappa values for intra- and inter-examiner reliability were between 0.61 to 0.80. Good intra-examiner agreement (>0.61) was observed in both ICDAS and MOD code for all groups. Conclusion: All students performed similar agreement, therefore, clinical experience within 2 years does not influence the performance of visual inspection in detecting caries using ICDAS. The results of the study shows that ICDAS and modified epidemiology ICDAS codes has good reproducibility and is feasible to be used as a tool in clinical practice as well as patient education.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78884778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SS Shamsul Fadzil, AI Ahmad Khalil, IY Noviaranny, NM Abdullah Al-Jaf, K. Jamil
Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate patient’s satisfaction regarding the orthodontic treatment provided by the Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) and to determine the factors that affected their satisfaction level. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients treated with full fixed appliances in the faculty’s orthodontic clinic using a validated questionnaire. Results: The final sample consisted of 105 subjects (response rate 76%) which comprises of 26 males and 79 females were chose with 97% of the respondents are Malay. Most subjects had orthodontic treatment duration of more than 1.5 years (100%) and were still wearing fixed appliances (89%). Items included in the questionnaire: reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment, questions relevant to satisfaction with orthodontic treatment, doctor-patient relationship and pain experience during orthodontic treatment. Concerning the doctor patient relationship, 91% of the respondents were contented with their orthodontist. Respondents answered ‘Yes’ to the treatment plan explained prior to the procedure (91.4%), questions answered promptly (94.3%), gentleness of the orthodontist (91.4%) and dental assistant (88.6%), orthodontist honesty about treatment duration (90.5%) and cost (97.1%), and recommendation to others (90.5%). Conclusion: Generally, patients who had received orthodontic treatment from the orthodontic clinic in Faculty of Dentistry UiTM were satisfied with the overall treatment outcomes. However, there were still some aspects of the service that can be improved in the future in order to provide a better healthcare services specifically in orthodontic treatment.
{"title":"Treatment Satisfaction and Its Influencing Factors Among Fixed Orthodontic Patients in UiTM","authors":"SS Shamsul Fadzil, AI Ahmad Khalil, IY Noviaranny, NM Abdullah Al-Jaf, K. Jamil","doi":"10.24191/cos.v7i0.17491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v7i0.17491","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate patient’s satisfaction regarding the orthodontic treatment provided by the Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) and to determine the factors that affected their satisfaction level. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients treated with full fixed appliances in the faculty’s orthodontic clinic using a validated questionnaire. Results: The final sample consisted of 105 subjects (response rate 76%) which comprises of 26 males and 79 females were chose with 97% of the respondents are Malay. Most subjects had orthodontic treatment duration of more than 1.5 years (100%) and were still wearing fixed appliances (89%). Items included in the questionnaire: reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment, questions relevant to satisfaction with orthodontic treatment, doctor-patient relationship and pain experience during orthodontic treatment. Concerning the doctor patient relationship, 91% of the respondents were contented with their orthodontist. Respondents answered ‘Yes’ to the treatment plan explained prior to the procedure (91.4%), questions answered promptly (94.3%), gentleness of the orthodontist (91.4%) and dental assistant (88.6%), orthodontist honesty about treatment duration (90.5%) and cost (97.1%), and recommendation to others (90.5%). Conclusion: Generally, patients who had received orthodontic treatment from the orthodontic clinic in Faculty of Dentistry UiTM were satisfied with the overall treatment outcomes. However, there were still some aspects of the service that can be improved in the future in order to provide a better healthcare services specifically in orthodontic treatment.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90182002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Orthodontic treatment even though managed and properly controlled , on some remote occasion may lead to presence of unwanted movement. Anterior open bite is one such example of an iatrogenic outcome. This article describes the management of an iatrogenic anterior open bite case that occurred in active orthodontic treatment in the early stage of leveling and aligning. A few modalities had been employed to manage the open bite through some artistic bends followed by the use of modified low transpalatal arch with extended looped arms with loops as well as orthodontic mini implants for distalisation and some intrusion mechanics. This case report is aimed to share authors’ anecdotal experience on overcoming the open bite.
{"title":"Managing Unexpected Iatrogenic Opening of Anterior Bite During Active Orthodontic Treatment: A Case Report","authors":"ND Mohd Ali, SH Abdul Ghani","doi":"10.24191/cos.v7i0.17493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v7i0.17493","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Orthodontic treatment even though managed and properly controlled , on some remote occasion may lead to presence of unwanted movement. Anterior open bite is one such example of an iatrogenic outcome. This article describes the management of an iatrogenic anterior open bite case that occurred in active orthodontic treatment in the early stage of leveling and aligning. A few modalities had been employed to manage the open bite through some artistic bends followed by the use of modified low transpalatal arch with extended looped arms with loops as well as orthodontic mini implants for distalisation and some intrusion mechanics. This case report is aimed to share authors’ anecdotal experience on overcoming the open bite.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72556493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lha Rasid, S. Razak, Aaeid Ayoub, M. Kamaruzaman, NW Azmi
Objectives: To evaluate the quality of bitewing radiograph taken by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) dental students during daily clinical practices and to evaluate the difference in caries lesions found on bitewing radiographs and clinical examination. Materials and method: 120 patients who attended the undergraduate dental clinic for dental examination were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were patients within the age range of 17-45 years old, possessing at least three sets of posterior teeth, with bitewing radiographs taken by undergraduate dental students. The number of caries lesions detected by clinical examination, bitewing radiographs, and a combination of both methods were recorded. The quality of 240 bitewing radiographs was classified into three categories; excellent, acceptable, and unacceptable. The frequency of radiographic errors; foreshortening/elongation, horizontal overlapping, inadequate film coverage, non-ideal centering and inadequate contrast and density were also evaluated. Results: The quality of bitewing radiographs are mostly accepted to be used as a diagnostic tool and one of the factors which commonly affected the quality of the bitewing is the overlapping of adjacent teeth. The highest number of caries lesions were detected radiographically (74%) compared with 25% caries by clinical examination. The majority of radiographs (71%, n=171) were deemed to be of acceptable quality, 39(16%) were excellent, and 30(13%) were diagnostically unacceptable. “Horizontal overlap” was the most common error detected on the radiographs (n=139, 57.9%), followed by “non-ideal centering” (n=93, 38.8%), “inadequate contrast” (n=46, 19.2%) and “inadequate film coverage” (n=24,10%). The highest number of caries lesions were detected radiographically (74%) compared with 25% caries by clinical examination. Conclusion: The quality of the majority of bitewing radiographs taken by undergraduate dental students in this institution is acceptable. However, given that more than half of the radiographs possessed horizontal overlapping error, caries diagnosis may have been underestimated. Further training and periodic audits are required to reduce the percentage of errors in bitewing radiographs amongst undergraduate dental students.
{"title":"Evaluation of Image Quality of Bitewing Radiographs taken by UiTM Dental Students","authors":"Lha Rasid, S. Razak, Aaeid Ayoub, M. Kamaruzaman, NW Azmi","doi":"10.24191/cos.v7i0.17492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v7i0.17492","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the quality of bitewing radiograph taken by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) dental students during daily clinical practices and to evaluate the difference in caries lesions found on bitewing radiographs and clinical examination. Materials and method: 120 patients who attended the undergraduate dental clinic for dental examination were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were patients within the age range of 17-45 years old, possessing at least three sets of posterior teeth, with bitewing radiographs taken by undergraduate dental students. The number of caries lesions detected by clinical examination, bitewing radiographs, and a combination of both methods were recorded. The quality of 240 bitewing radiographs was classified into three categories; excellent, acceptable, and unacceptable. The frequency of radiographic errors; foreshortening/elongation, horizontal overlapping, inadequate film coverage, non-ideal centering and inadequate contrast and density were also evaluated. Results: The quality of bitewing radiographs are mostly accepted to be used as a diagnostic tool and one of the factors which commonly affected the quality of the bitewing is the overlapping of adjacent teeth. The highest number of caries lesions were detected radiographically (74%) compared with 25% caries by clinical examination. The majority of radiographs (71%, n=171) were deemed to be of acceptable quality, 39(16%) were excellent, and 30(13%) were diagnostically unacceptable. “Horizontal overlap” was the most common error detected on the radiographs (n=139, 57.9%), followed by “non-ideal centering” (n=93, 38.8%), “inadequate contrast” (n=46, 19.2%) and “inadequate film coverage” (n=24,10%). The highest number of caries lesions were detected radiographically (74%) compared with 25% caries by clinical examination. Conclusion: The quality of the majority of bitewing radiographs taken by undergraduate dental students in this institution is acceptable. However, given that more than half of the radiographs possessed horizontal overlapping error, caries diagnosis may have been underestimated. Further training and periodic audits are required to reduce the percentage of errors in bitewing radiographs amongst undergraduate dental students.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82627170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HB Said Gulam Khan, NI Mohd Sarmin, MH Arzmi, hfirah Amiruddin, AA Mohd Radzi
Medicinal plants have been discovered and used in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries since centuries. In the current study, Ziziphus mauritiana leaves was used as it is rich with many biological active compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, sapronins and tanins. Previous studies reported the antibacterial and antifungal effects of Z. mauritiana towards various microorganisms. However, the antifungal activities of Z. mauritiana methanol extracts on Candida albicans (Clinical and American Type Culture Collection Strains) have not been discovered extensively.Objectives: Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the antifungal activity of Z. mauritiana leaves methanol extracts against C. albicans ATCC strain and clinical isolate (from oral cancer patient).Methods: Antifungal susceptibility test (AST) was performed using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) to determine the antifungal activity of methanol leaves extract of Ziziphus mauritiana against C. albicans ATCC and clinical isolates.Results: The results obtained showed that there is no zone of inhibition seen from disk diffusion test for both strains. However, the minimal inhibitory and minimal fungicidal concentration showed that Ziziphus mauritiana methanol extracts was able to inhibit C. albicans clinical isolate but not ATCC strain at 500mg/mL.Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests that that Ziziphus mauritiana leaves methanol extract showed promising results against Candida albicans. Thus, it can be used as a source for functional ingredients for pharmaceutical drug industries in-order to reduce or inhibit oral fungal infection.
{"title":"Antifungal Activities of Ziziphus mauritiana against Candida albicans: In Vitro Study","authors":"HB Said Gulam Khan, NI Mohd Sarmin, MH Arzmi, hfirah Amiruddin, AA Mohd Radzi","doi":"10.24191/cos.v7i0.17489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v7i0.17489","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants have been discovered and used in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries since centuries. In the current study, Ziziphus mauritiana leaves was used as it is rich with many biological active compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, sapronins and tanins. Previous studies reported the antibacterial and antifungal effects of Z. mauritiana towards various microorganisms. However, the antifungal activities of Z. mauritiana methanol extracts on Candida albicans (Clinical and American Type Culture Collection Strains) have not been discovered extensively.Objectives: Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the antifungal activity of Z. mauritiana leaves methanol extracts against C. albicans ATCC strain and clinical isolate (from oral cancer patient).Methods: Antifungal susceptibility test (AST) was performed using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) to determine the antifungal activity of methanol leaves extract of Ziziphus mauritiana against C. albicans ATCC and clinical isolates.Results: The results obtained showed that there is no zone of inhibition seen from disk diffusion test for both strains. However, the minimal inhibitory and minimal fungicidal concentration showed that Ziziphus mauritiana methanol extracts was able to inhibit C. albicans clinical isolate but not ATCC strain at 500mg/mL.Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests that that Ziziphus mauritiana leaves methanol extract showed promising results against Candida albicans. Thus, it can be used as a source for functional ingredients for pharmaceutical drug industries in-order to reduce or inhibit oral fungal infection.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72980139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To assess if the recall appointments and the use of radiographs for paediatric dental patients at Faculty of Dentistry, UiTM comply with current guidelines. Materials and Method: A retrospective study was conducted using patients’ dental records that were registered at the Faculty of Dentistry UiTM. The sample consisted of 350 randomly chosen treatment records of paediatric patients aged between birth and 16 years of age at the time of data collection which was in the year 2016. Data collection included demographic details, whom the cases were treated by, caries risk assessment, radiographs taken and time taken for the patient’s review appointments. Results: An initial sample size of 350 records were assessed. The mean age of patients seen when they were first seen is 6.3 years old. Caries Risk Assessment was not reported in majority of the cases (58%,). Baseline radiographs were taken in 44.6% of the cases. For the assessment of recall attendance, only samples with data on CRA was analysed (n=145). The review appointments at 3 months interval was 70% whereas at 6 months was 6.2% and one year recall was 6.7%. A chi-square test showed significant difference (p=0.013) between the category of operators for the 1-year review whereby review was higher among students and specialists as compared to dental officers. Conclusion: This study shows poor adherence to the recommended recall protocol as suggested by NICE and AAPD guidelines. Further studies need to be done to assess the patients’ and clinicians awareness regarding the recall protocol and determine the problems causing poor recall attendance.
{"title":"An Audit of Paediatric Dental Patient Assessment and Recall in Faculty of Dentistry UiTM Sungai Buloh","authors":"A. Shukri, M. Hassan, A. Venkiteswaran","doi":"10.24191/cos.v6i0.17497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v6i0.17497","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess if the recall appointments and the use of radiographs for paediatric dental patients at Faculty of Dentistry, UiTM comply with current guidelines. Materials and Method: A retrospective study was conducted using patients’ dental records that were registered at the Faculty of Dentistry UiTM. The sample consisted of 350 randomly chosen treatment records of paediatric patients aged between birth and 16 years of age at the time of data collection which was in the year 2016. Data collection included demographic details, whom the cases were treated by, caries risk assessment, radiographs taken and time taken for the patient’s review appointments. Results: An initial sample size of 350 records were assessed. The mean age of patients seen when they were first seen is 6.3 years old. Caries Risk Assessment was not reported in majority of the cases (58%,). Baseline radiographs were taken in 44.6% of the cases. For the assessment of recall attendance, only samples with data on CRA was analysed (n=145). The review appointments at 3 months interval was 70% whereas at 6 months was 6.2% and one year recall was 6.7%. A chi-square test showed significant difference (p=0.013) between the category of operators for the 1-year review whereby review was higher among students and specialists as compared to dental officers. Conclusion: This study shows poor adherence to the recommended recall protocol as suggested by NICE and AAPD guidelines. Further studies need to be done to assess the patients’ and clinicians awareness regarding the recall protocol and determine the problems causing poor recall attendance.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76190431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the prevalence of bimaxillary protrusion in general and the prevalence of skeletal Class I and dental Class I bimaxillary protrusion/ proclination among orthodontic patients attending postgraduate orthodontic clinic at Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study which was carried out in two stages. The first part involves a random selection of 100 extra-oral profile photographs taken from postgraduate orthodontic residents’ patient list. The photographs were taken using Canon digital SLR camera EOS 70D with macro lens EF 100mm (Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with patients in natural head position. The photographs were visually analysed for its bimaxillary protrusion features by two operators. The second part comprises of analyses of extra-oral profile photographs as well as intra-oral photographs of right buccal segment view which was conducted in two separate sittings. In the first sitting, five assessors analysed 259 extra - and intra-oral photographs followed by 40 photographs assessed in the second sitting for skeletal and dental Class I bimaxillary protrusion/ proclination. Statistical analysis for Kappa score was performed to assess the agreement between assessors using SPSS version 23 and Stata version 13. Results: The first part of the study showed an average prevalence of 34% with bimaxillary protrusion in 100 orthodontic patients. Whilst in the second part, prevalence of skeletal and dental Class I bimax ranging from 28-33 per cent and 38-40 percent respectively with very good and good inter-reliability agreement for both component. Conclusion: The prevalence of bimaxillary protrusion in general among UiTM orthodontic patients was found to range from 31 percent to 37 percent. Whilst the prevalence of skeletal and dental Class I bimax ranging from 28-33 percent and 38-40 percent respectively.
目的:了解马来西亚Sungai Buloh市玛拉理工大学(UiTM)牙科学院研究生正畸门诊就诊的正畸患者中一般双颌前突的患病率以及骨骼I类和牙齿I类双颌前突/前倾的患病率。材料与方法:本研究为横断面研究，分两个阶段进行。第一部分包括从研究生正畸住院医师患者名单中随机选择100张口腔外侧面照片。照片使用佳能数码单反相机EOS 70D和EF 100mm微距镜头(佳能公司，东京，日本)拍摄，患者处于自然头部位置。两名操作人员对其双颌突出特征进行了视觉分析。第二部分包括分析口腔外侧面照片和口腔内照片的右颊段视图，这是在两个单独的坐姿进行。在第一次会议上，五名评估员分析了259张口腔外和口腔内照片，随后在第二次会议上评估了骨骼和牙齿I类双颌前伸/前倾的40张照片。采用SPSS version 23和Stata version 13对Kappa评分进行统计分析，评估评估者之间的一致性。结果:研究的第一部分显示100例正畸患者中双颌前突的平均患病率为34%。而在第二部分中，骨骼和牙齿I类的患病率分别从28- 33%和38- 40%不等，这两个组件的相互可靠性协议非常好。结论:在UiTM正畸患者中，双颌前突的发生率为31% ~ 37%。而骨骼和牙齿I类患病率最高，分别为28- 33%和38- 40%。
{"title":"Prevalence of Bimaxillary Protrusion among UiTM Orthodontic Patients","authors":"RM Othman, Naa Koay, Shahab Ghani, NH Norman","doi":"10.24191/cos.v6i0.17494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v6i0.17494","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the prevalence of bimaxillary protrusion in general and the prevalence of skeletal Class I and dental Class I bimaxillary protrusion/ proclination among orthodontic patients attending postgraduate orthodontic clinic at Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study which was carried out in two stages. The first part involves a random selection of 100 extra-oral profile photographs taken from postgraduate orthodontic residents’ patient list. The photographs were taken using Canon digital SLR camera EOS 70D with macro lens EF 100mm (Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with patients in natural head position. The photographs were visually analysed for its bimaxillary protrusion features by two operators. The second part comprises of analyses of extra-oral profile photographs as well as intra-oral photographs of right buccal segment view which was conducted in two separate sittings. In the first sitting, five assessors analysed 259 extra - and intra-oral photographs followed by 40 photographs assessed in the second sitting for skeletal and dental Class I bimaxillary protrusion/ proclination. Statistical analysis for Kappa score was performed to assess the agreement between assessors using SPSS version 23 and Stata version 13. Results: The first part of the study showed an average prevalence of 34% with bimaxillary protrusion in 100 orthodontic patients. Whilst in the second part, prevalence of skeletal and dental Class I bimax ranging from 28-33 per cent and 38-40 percent respectively with very good and good inter-reliability agreement for both component. Conclusion: The prevalence of bimaxillary protrusion in general among UiTM orthodontic patients was found to range from 31 percent to 37 percent. Whilst the prevalence of skeletal and dental Class I bimax ranging from 28-33 percent and 38-40 percent respectively.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82463764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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