SN Rahimi, TF Tengku Mohd Ariff, Nhk Affendi, R. Ahmad
Objectives: This review paper aims to provide an overview of various commercially available dental implant surface modifications and treatments, as well as their reported clinical performances. This knowledge would be useful for the practicing clinician in understanding the healing mechanism associated with each type of implant and in selecting the right type of implant for a specific clinical condition. Methods: An electronic search of literatures was performed in PubMed and Scopus database dated from January 1990 until July 2021. The search keywords were dental implant, surface modification, surface treatment, survival rate and/ or clinical performance as MeSH term. Only relevant studies that were published in English, journal article are summarized and discussed in this review. Results: In the last decade, implant surfaces were manufactured in a concerted effort to provide bone in a faster and improved osseointegration process. A variety of surface modifications have been developed and are currently being used to enhance clinical performance, including turned (machined), hydroxyapatite-coated surface, titanium plasma-sprayed, grit-blasted, acid-etched, anodization, laser-microtextured as well as combinations thereof. Conclusion: Dental implant survival rate relies heavily on the successful integration into the jawbone. Geometry and surface topography are critical to the short- and long-term performance of dental implants. Implant surface modifications expedited osseointegration process, which in turn, early and immediate loading of dental implants has emerged as a viable alternative to the conventional loading protocol.
{"title":"Surface Modifications of Dental Implant and its Clinical Performance: A Review","authors":"SN Rahimi, TF Tengku Mohd Ariff, Nhk Affendi, R. Ahmad","doi":"10.24191/cos.v9i1.16907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v9i1.16907","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This review paper aims to provide an overview of various commercially available dental implant surface modifications and treatments, as well as their reported clinical performances. This knowledge would be useful for the practicing clinician in understanding the healing mechanism associated with each type of implant and in selecting the right type of implant for a specific clinical condition. Methods: An electronic search of literatures was performed in PubMed and Scopus database dated from January 1990 until July 2021. The search keywords were dental implant, surface modification, surface treatment, survival rate and/ or clinical performance as MeSH term. Only relevant studies that were published in English, journal article are summarized and discussed in this review. Results: In the last decade, implant surfaces were manufactured in a concerted effort to provide bone in a faster and improved osseointegration process. A variety of surface modifications have been developed and are currently being used to enhance clinical performance, including turned (machined), hydroxyapatite-coated surface, titanium plasma-sprayed, grit-blasted, acid-etched, anodization, laser-microtextured as well as combinations thereof. Conclusion: Dental implant survival rate relies heavily on the successful integration into the jawbone. Geometry and surface topography are critical to the short- and long-term performance of dental implants. Implant surface modifications expedited osseointegration process, which in turn, early and immediate loading of dental implants has emerged as a viable alternative to the conventional loading protocol.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82744776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiograph in comparison to cone beam computed tomography for posterior mandibular pre-implant assessment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective evaluation of the panoramic (PAN) and CBCT images in complete, partially edentulous, and dentate patients was conducted on 66 cases for presurgical dental implant assessment. Assessment of the vertical bone height was conducted by dividing the posterior mandible region into anterior (first premolars to second premolars) and posterior (first molars to second molars) segments. The average mesiodistal crown dimensions from each segment were measured as a midpoint. The reference point to measure the vertical bone height was established from the alveolar crest to the superior border of mandibular canal. Therefore, the measurement will begin at the midpoint of total mesiodistal crown dimension of each segment from the alveolar crest to the superior border of mandibular canal. All measurements were independently performed by two observers thrice on each modality. Results: A paired comparison between PAN and CBCT images in measuring the presurgical dental implant vertical height from alveolar crest to the superior border of mandibular canal (paired t-tests) showed statistically significant difference in the mean difference of vertical bone height at each region between PAN and CBCT (p<0.001). Conclusion: PAN radiograph provides sufficient information for presurgical implant assessment at the posterior mandible in routine cases or during the unavailability of CBCT at the clinic. However, CBCT remains the best imaging modality for presurgical implant assessment as it has a minimal magnification error.
{"title":"Comparison between Digital Panoramic Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Measuring Presurgical Dental Implant Vertical Height at Posterior Mandible","authors":"Mam Ayob, JS Md Jasin, MK Suparman, NH Reduwan","doi":"10.24191/cos.v9i1.16888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v9i1.16888","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiograph in comparison to cone beam computed tomography for posterior mandibular pre-implant assessment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective evaluation of the panoramic (PAN) and CBCT images in complete, partially edentulous, and dentate patients was conducted on 66 cases for presurgical dental implant assessment. Assessment of the vertical bone height was conducted by dividing the posterior mandible region into anterior (first premolars to second premolars) and posterior (first molars to second molars) segments. The average mesiodistal crown dimensions from each segment were measured as a midpoint. The reference point to measure the vertical bone height was established from the alveolar crest to the superior border of mandibular canal. Therefore, the measurement will begin at the midpoint of total mesiodistal crown dimension of each segment from the alveolar crest to the superior border of mandibular canal. All measurements were independently performed by two observers thrice on each modality. Results: A paired comparison between PAN and CBCT images in measuring the presurgical dental implant vertical height from alveolar crest to the superior border of mandibular canal (paired t-tests) showed statistically significant difference in the mean difference of vertical bone height at each region between PAN and CBCT (p<0.001). Conclusion: PAN radiograph provides sufficient information for presurgical implant assessment at the posterior mandible in routine cases or during the unavailability of CBCT at the clinic. However, CBCT remains the best imaging modality for presurgical implant assessment as it has a minimal magnification error.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84487059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khafizatunnisa Jaapar, ZN Zuhairi, NA Sani Gapor, NA Bismelah, N. Mohamed
Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the antiproliferative effects of simvastatin involving Human Squamous Nasal Cell Carcinoma (RPMI 2650 cell line), which is one of the most common head and neck cancers with the highest incidence and mortality rates in Asian countries. The anti-cancer effects of simvastatin in NPC have not yet been investigated in depth, hence it will be illustrated in the present study. Materials and methods: The cells were treated with various concentrations of Simvastatin in a dose dependent (0, 0.1, 0. 4, 3.0 mg/ml) and time dependent (24, 48 and 72 hours) manner. The cancer cell viability was then assessed by using MTT assay at absorbance of 590 nm. Results: Simvastatin induced reduction in cell viability number and induced apoptosis in RPMI 2650 cell line. Simvastatin for 72 h significantly reduced cell growth as compared to 48 and 24 h pre-incubation with simvastatin treatment. After 72 h incubation with 0.1 mg/ml, 0.4 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml simvastatin, the cell viability decreased from 100% in treated control cells to 23%, 21% and 14% respectively. Conclusions: This finding demonstrate the potential of simvastatin and probably may have therapeutic benefit for NPC cell growth.
{"title":"Investigation of the inhibitory effects of simvastatin in RPMI 2650: An in-vitro study","authors":"Khafizatunnisa Jaapar, ZN Zuhairi, NA Sani Gapor, NA Bismelah, N. Mohamed","doi":"10.24191/cos.v9i1.16788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v9i1.16788","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the antiproliferative effects of simvastatin involving Human Squamous Nasal Cell Carcinoma (RPMI 2650 cell line), which is one of the most common head and neck cancers with the highest incidence and mortality rates in Asian countries. The anti-cancer effects of simvastatin in NPC have not yet been investigated in depth, hence it will be illustrated in the present study. Materials and methods: The cells were treated with various concentrations of Simvastatin in a dose dependent (0, 0.1, 0. 4, 3.0 mg/ml) and time dependent (24, 48 and 72 hours) manner. The cancer cell viability was then assessed by using MTT assay at absorbance of 590 nm. Results: Simvastatin induced reduction in cell viability number and induced apoptosis in RPMI 2650 cell line. Simvastatin for 72 h significantly reduced cell growth as compared to 48 and 24 h pre-incubation with simvastatin treatment. After 72 h incubation with 0.1 mg/ml, 0.4 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml simvastatin, the cell viability decreased from 100% in treated control cells to 23%, 21% and 14% respectively. Conclusions: This finding demonstrate the potential of simvastatin and probably may have therapeutic benefit for NPC cell growth.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86176568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Facial defects can affect the appearance of an individual, resulting in psychological and social problems. In certain cases, surgical reconstruction of facial defects may not be feasible and prosthodontic rehabilitation may be the best option. Case description: A 72-years old gentleman was referred for the rehabilitation of a facial defect on the right side of his nose. The defect was affecting him psychologically and socially. The decision was made to construct a nasal prosthesis for him that would be retained by desirable undercuts and adhesive. Discussion: Management of facial defects are challenging due to multiple reasons such as matching of the prosthesis to surrounding skin and retention of the prosthesis. The prosthesis can be retained with implants, facial accessories, desirable undercuts, or adhesives. For this patient, the prosthesis was retained by using undercuts combined with medical-grade adhesive. A thin layer of flash at the edges of the prosthesis was maintained to ensure even finish margin. The prosthesis fabrication successfully resolved the patient’s condition.
{"title":"Prosthetic Management of Unfavourable Nasal Defect: A Case Report","authors":"S. Kashmoola, Tengku Fazrina, Tengku Mohd Ariff","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17486","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Facial defects can affect the appearance of an individual, resulting in psychological and social problems. In certain cases, surgical reconstruction of facial defects may not be feasible and prosthodontic rehabilitation may be the best option. Case description: A 72-years old gentleman was referred for the rehabilitation of a facial defect on the right side of his nose. The defect was affecting him psychologically and socially. The decision was made to construct a nasal prosthesis for him that would be retained by desirable undercuts and adhesive. Discussion: Management of facial defects are challenging due to multiple reasons such as matching of the prosthesis to surrounding skin and retention of the prosthesis. The prosthesis can be retained with implants, facial accessories, desirable undercuts, or adhesives. For this patient, the prosthesis was retained by using undercuts combined with medical-grade adhesive. A thin layer of flash at the edges of the prosthesis was maintained to ensure even finish margin. The prosthesis fabrication successfully resolved the patient’s condition.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91419571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Crowding, rotation and impaction of teeth are some of the complications of supernumeraries. This article aims to discuss the orthodontic treatment of a severely rotated upper left central incisor (UL1) secondary to an erupted mesiodens. An 18-year old Malay male presented with Class I malocclusion with severely crowded upper arch, presence of erupted mesiodens, severely rotated upper left central incisor, displaced upper left lateral incisor and upper left canine and centreline discrepancy. Methods: He had a combination of segmented arch and couple force mechanics to correct severely rotated central incisors. Following anchorage reinforcement, the upper mesiodens and the upper right first premolar was extracted. Subsequently, treatment was continued with conventional straight wire mechanics. Results: The severely rotated upper left central incisor was successfully corrected, and the upper arch crowding was resolved. The fixed appliances were debonded and he was provided with upper dual retention. He had gingival recession Type 1 at UL2 due to the bony defect. Conclusion: Severe crowding can be managed with segmented arch mechanics without any detrimental effects using low forces and good planning. Further periodontal consultation and management were required for the treatment of UL2.
{"title":"Orthodontic Management of a Severely Rotated Central Incisor: A Case Report","authors":"NN Zakaria, SD Sinniah","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17487","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Crowding, rotation and impaction of teeth are some of the complications of supernumeraries. This article aims to discuss the orthodontic treatment of a severely rotated upper left central incisor (UL1) secondary to an erupted mesiodens. An 18-year old Malay male presented with Class I malocclusion with severely crowded upper arch, presence of erupted mesiodens, severely rotated upper left central incisor, displaced upper left lateral incisor and upper left canine and centreline discrepancy. Methods: He had a combination of segmented arch and couple force mechanics to correct severely rotated central incisors. Following anchorage reinforcement, the upper mesiodens and the upper right first premolar was extracted. Subsequently, treatment was continued with conventional straight wire mechanics. Results: The severely rotated upper left central incisor was successfully corrected, and the upper arch crowding was resolved. The fixed appliances were debonded and he was provided with upper dual retention. He had gingival recession Type 1 at UL2 due to the bony defect. Conclusion: Severe crowding can be managed with segmented arch mechanics without any detrimental effects using low forces and good planning. Further periodontal consultation and management were required for the treatment of UL2.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88734741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Noor, A. A. Abdul Halim, A. Mohd Fadzilah, S. Mohd-Said, R. Abdul Halim
Objectives: To evaluate the influence of music in reducing patients’ anxiety during periodontal surgery. Methods: This is a clinical trial of involving fifteen patients undergoing periodontal surgery. Patients indicated for periodontal surgery were invited to participate in the study, and randomly assigned to music (n=8) or control (n=7) groups. Participants’ dental anxiety were determined using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) before and after the surgery, while their blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at pre-, intra- and post-procedures. Paired t-test was used to compare the statistical significant difference between pre- and postprocedural anxiety for both groups. Result: The participants of this study consist of 22 patients that underwent periodontal surgery procedures, with majority of the subjects (53.3%) were males (n=8) and the mean age was 50.8 (SD=13.21). The measurement of blood pressure increased in patients allocated in music group compared to control group were statistically significant with (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that music may reduce patients’ anxiety while undergoing periodontal surgery. More details on the type and intensity of music may provide further value to the finding.
{"title":"Influence of Music Therapy to Reduce Anxiety During Periodontal Surgical Procedures","authors":"E. Noor, A. A. Abdul Halim, A. Mohd Fadzilah, S. Mohd-Said, R. Abdul Halim","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17481","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the influence of music in reducing patients’ anxiety during periodontal surgery. Methods: This is a clinical trial of involving fifteen patients undergoing periodontal surgery. Patients indicated for periodontal surgery were invited to participate in the study, and randomly assigned to music (n=8) or control (n=7) groups. Participants’ dental anxiety were determined using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) before and after the surgery, while their blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at pre-, intra- and post-procedures. Paired t-test was used to compare the statistical significant difference between pre- and postprocedural anxiety for both groups. Result: The participants of this study consist of 22 patients that underwent periodontal surgery procedures, with majority of the subjects (53.3%) were males (n=8) and the mean age was 50.8 (SD=13.21). The measurement of blood pressure increased in patients allocated in music group compared to control group were statistically significant with (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that music may reduce patients’ anxiety while undergoing periodontal surgery. More details on the type and intensity of music may provide further value to the finding.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76194162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FN Suib, Ies Mohamed Ismail, LT Younis, NN Bakri, MI Abu Hassan
Objectives: To evaluate the self-perceived preparedness of final year undergraduate dental students in Malaysia and to compare the difference of preparedness level of final undergraduate student in public and private universities. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted using a validated questionnaire, Dental Undergraduates Preparedness Assessment Scale (DU-PAS) and no samplings were involved. The questionnaire was distributed via University presentative of each university from MDSA in the form of online and written questionnaire. The data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: 239 students responded to this study. Responses revealed that student felt adequately prepared to carry out simple clinical procedures such as taking consent (88.3%), tooth-coloured fillings (87.4%), non-surgical periodontal treatment (86.6%), do proper history taking (85.8%), bitewing radiograph (84.1%) and communication skills (69.9%). However, low levels of scores were reported on ability to do an amalgam restoration (12.1%), endodontics treatment especially multi-rooted tooth (9.6%), crowns (9.2%), referral for suspected oral cancer (31.8%), research skills (15.1%) and raising concerns regarding inappropriate behaviour of colleagues (7.9%). There was significant difference between the level of preparedness of final undergraduate student in public and private universities. Conclusions: This is the first study of self-perceived preparedness of final year undergraduate students in Malaysia. The results showed that the self-perceived preparedness of final year student was satisfactory for a range of clinical and effective skills. However, several areas of weaknesses were identified which underscore the need for additional training and consolidation.
{"title":"Preparedness of Undergraduate Dental Students: A National Study","authors":"FN Suib, Ies Mohamed Ismail, LT Younis, NN Bakri, MI Abu Hassan","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17478","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the self-perceived preparedness of final year undergraduate dental students in Malaysia and to compare the difference of preparedness level of final undergraduate student in public and private universities. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted using a validated questionnaire, Dental Undergraduates Preparedness Assessment Scale (DU-PAS) and no samplings were involved. The questionnaire was distributed via University presentative of each university from MDSA in the form of online and written questionnaire. The data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: 239 students responded to this study. Responses revealed that student felt adequately prepared to carry out simple clinical procedures such as taking consent (88.3%), tooth-coloured fillings (87.4%), non-surgical periodontal treatment (86.6%), do proper history taking (85.8%), bitewing radiograph (84.1%) and communication skills (69.9%). However, low levels of scores were reported on ability to do an amalgam restoration (12.1%), endodontics treatment especially multi-rooted tooth (9.6%), crowns (9.2%), referral for suspected oral cancer (31.8%), research skills (15.1%) and raising concerns regarding inappropriate behaviour of colleagues (7.9%). There was significant difference between the level of preparedness of final undergraduate student in public and private universities. Conclusions: This is the first study of self-perceived preparedness of final year undergraduate students in Malaysia. The results showed that the self-perceived preparedness of final year student was satisfactory for a range of clinical and effective skills. However, several areas of weaknesses were identified which underscore the need for additional training and consolidation.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91449746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norashikin Yusof, Luqman Arif, Muhammad Ghazali, Nur Shahirah Zulkifle
Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) remains a major challenge among the 5-6 year olds in Malaysia with a caries prevalence of 71.3% as indicated in the last survey of preschool children in 2015. Studies have shown that behavior and income status can influence development of ECC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the caries prevalence among 2 – 5 years old preschool children and to study the association of parents’ socio behavioral factors on ECC. Materials and methods: 140 preschool children participated in this study. Parents were given a set of structured questionnaires and oral examination was conducted on their children after receiving consent. Results: Findings showed prevalence of dental caries was 50.1% with mean dft score of 2.51. There was significant association between dental caries and children drinking formula milk and sweet drinks in their bottles: (p<0.05). Children from lower income family and lower education level have significantly higher caries prevalence compared to those from more privileged family. Conclusions: Drinking pattern, family income and education level appear to be contributing factors towards development of ECC among this group of children. It is recommended that health promotion interventions be targeted towards the lower income group with emphasis on drinking pattern of the children.
{"title":"Social & Behavioral Risk Factors and Early Childhood Caries – A Cross-Sectional Study on Preschool Children in Shah Alam","authors":"Norashikin Yusof, Luqman Arif, Muhammad Ghazali, Nur Shahirah Zulkifle","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17479","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) remains a major challenge among the 5-6 year olds in Malaysia with a caries prevalence of 71.3% as indicated in the last survey of preschool children in 2015. Studies have shown that behavior and income status can influence development of ECC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the caries prevalence among 2 – 5 years old preschool children and to study the association of parents’ socio behavioral factors on ECC. Materials and methods: 140 preschool children participated in this study. Parents were given a set of structured questionnaires and oral examination was conducted on their children after receiving consent. Results: Findings showed prevalence of dental caries was 50.1% with mean dft score of 2.51. There was significant association between dental caries and children drinking formula milk and sweet drinks in their bottles: (p<0.05). Children from lower income family and lower education level have significantly higher caries prevalence compared to those from more privileged family. Conclusions: Drinking pattern, family income and education level appear to be contributing factors towards development of ECC among this group of children. It is recommended that health promotion interventions be targeted towards the lower income group with emphasis on drinking pattern of the children.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79529406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of varying scanning parameters of DPT and LC on diagnostic performance and quality of the images. Materials and Methods: Clinical evaluations of image quality were performed using an adult human skull with permanent dentition. Dental panoramic tomogram (DPT) and lateral cephalogram (LC) images were obtained using two different radiographic machines Instrumentarium 300OP taken at Sungai Buloh (SB) and Sirona Orthophos 3D taken at Puncak Perdana (PP) by varying tube voltages. Two orthodontic residents assessed images based on overall quality using a five-point rating scale and diagnostic performance by detection of anatomical landmarks. The correlations between radiation doses and diagnostic value of the images were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation Test. Univariate analysis was calculated for the evaluation for image quality. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to test for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Results: Both modalities taken at both centers showed negative correlation between dosage and detection of anatomical landmarks except for LC SB. All images were rated at least with median of 3= more than adequately presented regardless of the radiation dosage except for DPT PP (median 5= inadequately presented). Conclusion: Lower dosage parameters should be used when taking DPT and LC as images appeared darker, lower in quality and less anatomical landmarks can be detected at higher scanning parameter.
目的:探讨DPT和LC的不同扫描参数对诊断性能和图像质量的影响。材料和方法:使用具有恒牙列的成人颅骨进行图像质量的临床评估。在不同的管电压下，使用两台不同的放射线机，分别在Sungai Buloh (SB)和Puncak Perdana (PP)拍摄的Sirona Orthophos 3D，获得牙齿全景断层扫描(DPT)和侧位脑电图(LC)图像。两名正畸住院医生使用五分制评定图像的整体质量，并通过检测解剖标志来诊断图像。采用Pearson相关检验分析辐射剂量与影像诊断价值的相关性。对图像质量进行单因素分析。用类内相关系数(ICC)检验组内信度和组间信度。结果:在两个中心进行的两种方式均显示剂量与解剖标志检测之间呈负相关，LC SB除外。所有图像的中位数至少为3=与辐射剂量无关，但DPT PP除外(中位数为5=未充分呈现)。结论:使用DPT和LC时，应采用较低的剂量参数，因为在较高的扫描参数下，图像颜色较暗，质量较低，且检测到的解剖标志较少。
{"title":"Image Quality Optimization of Dental Panoramic Tomogram and Lateral Cephalogram: A Pilot Study on Human Skull","authors":"L. Ghazali, Myp Mohd Yusof, NH Norman","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17482","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of varying scanning parameters of DPT and LC on diagnostic performance and quality of the images. Materials and Methods: Clinical evaluations of image quality were performed using an adult human skull with permanent dentition. Dental panoramic tomogram (DPT) and lateral cephalogram (LC) images were obtained using two different radiographic machines Instrumentarium 300OP taken at Sungai Buloh (SB) and Sirona Orthophos 3D taken at Puncak Perdana (PP) by varying tube voltages. Two orthodontic residents assessed images based on overall quality using a five-point rating scale and diagnostic performance by detection of anatomical landmarks. The correlations between radiation doses and diagnostic value of the images were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation Test. Univariate analysis was calculated for the evaluation for image quality. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to test for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Results: Both modalities taken at both centers showed negative correlation between dosage and detection of anatomical landmarks except for LC SB. All images were rated at least with median of 3= more than adequately presented regardless of the radiation dosage except for DPT PP (median 5= inadequately presented). Conclusion: Lower dosage parameters should be used when taking DPT and LC as images appeared darker, lower in quality and less anatomical landmarks can be detected at higher scanning parameter.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84164312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NA Noor Affendy, S. Mohd Zol, NM Abdullah Al-Jaf, MI Abu Hassan, H. Abdul Ghani, IY Noviaranny
Aims: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the clinical teachers and the effectiveness of their supervisory skills in clinical settings from the dental students’ perception using the cognitive apprenticeship model. Materials and Methods: A total of 273 undergraduate clinical dental students, from Faculty of Dentistry UiTM, were asked to complete the modified and validated Maastricht Clinical Teaching Questionnaire (MCTQ) which consists of twenty-seven questions distributed on seven domains: Modelling, Coaching, Scaffolding, Articulation, Reflection, Exploration and General Learning Environment. The responses were descriptively analysed. Results: The clinical experience of 162 dental students, who responded, was evaluated. Overall, the students conveyed positive and neutral perceptions of their clinical experience in all criteria of the seven domains. Articulation domain showed the highest positive feedback (93.5%) while the general learning environment domain showed the highest negative feedback (28.1%). Conclusions: The clinical experience and the impact of the clinical teachers were mostly satisfactory. Further improvements of the clinical environment can be achieved regarding the areas of concern.
{"title":"The Impact of Clinical Teacher: The Dental Students' Perception","authors":"NA Noor Affendy, S. Mohd Zol, NM Abdullah Al-Jaf, MI Abu Hassan, H. Abdul Ghani, IY Noviaranny","doi":"10.24191/cos.v8i0.17484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17484","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the clinical teachers and the effectiveness of their supervisory skills in clinical settings from the dental students’ perception using the cognitive apprenticeship model. Materials and Methods: A total of 273 undergraduate clinical dental students, from Faculty of Dentistry UiTM, were asked to complete the modified and validated Maastricht Clinical Teaching Questionnaire (MCTQ) which consists of twenty-seven questions distributed on seven domains: Modelling, Coaching, Scaffolding, Articulation, Reflection, Exploration and General Learning Environment. The responses were descriptively analysed. Results: The clinical experience of 162 dental students, who responded, was evaluated. Overall, the students conveyed positive and neutral perceptions of their clinical experience in all criteria of the seven domains. Articulation domain showed the highest positive feedback (93.5%) while the general learning environment domain showed the highest negative feedback (28.1%). Conclusions: The clinical experience and the impact of the clinical teachers were mostly satisfactory. Further improvements of the clinical environment can be achieved regarding the areas of concern.","PeriodicalId":10525,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of Oral Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88912770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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