首页 > 最新文献

Contact Dermatitis最新文献

英文 中文
Isothiazolinones in Disposable Rubber Gloves-Results of Chemical Analysis. 一次性橡胶手套中的异噻唑啉酮化学分析结果。
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70087
Katri Suuronen, Katriina Ylinen, Sari Suomela, Maria Pesonen

Background: Contact allergy to benzisothiazolinone (BIT) has increased in recent years, but exposure to it is not always found. It's important to know whether the gloves might be an isothiazolinone source especially in patients with symptoms from gloves and isothiazolinone contact allergy with or without allergy to rubber chemicals.

Objectives: To present results of chemical analysis of isothiazolinones in disposable rubber gloves of patients in an occupational dermatology clinic.

Methods: We went through our chemical analysis record from 2018-2025 and identified isothiazolinone analyses done from disposable rubber gloves. The chemical analysis of glove extracts was done by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We screened the respective patients' files and collected information on their occupation, glove usage, patch test reactions as well as basic information on their hand eczema.

Results: We discovered BIT in 30/54 (60%) analysed gloves (27 nitrile rubber gloves, 2 neoprene rubber gloves and 1 natural rubber glove) in concentrations of 0.3-73.7 ppm (mean 12.7 ppm, median 4.2 ppm). Methylisothiazolinone (MI) was found in solitary gloves in small concentrations. Isothiazolinone-containing gloves were samples from altogether 21 patients, and six of them had several gloves that contained isothiazolinones. Many patients had also other isothiazolinone sources at work or at home.

Conclusions: Disposable rubber gloves are a possible BIT source. Several gloves contained BIT in a concentration that may be enough to induce contact allergy when gloves are used frequently.

背景:近年来对苯并异噻唑啉酮(BIT)的接触性过敏有所增加,但暴露于它并不总是被发现。重要的是要知道手套是否可能是异噻唑啉酮的来源,特别是对于那些有手套和异噻唑啉酮接触过敏症状的患者,无论是否对橡胶化学品过敏。目的:介绍某职业皮肤科门诊患者一次性橡胶手套中异噻唑啉类药物的化学分析结果。方法:我们查阅了2018-2025年的化学分析记录,并对一次性橡胶手套进行了异噻唑啉酮分析。采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对手套提取物进行化学分析。我们筛选了各自患者的档案,收集了他们的职业、手套使用情况、斑贴试验反应以及他们手部湿疹的基本信息。结果:我们在30/54(60%)的分析手套(27只丁腈橡胶手套,2只氯丁橡胶手套和1只天然橡胶手套)中发现了浓度为0.3-73.7 ppm(平均12.7 ppm,中位数4.2 ppm)的BIT。在孤立手套中发现了低浓度的甲基异噻唑啉酮。含异噻唑啉酮手套共采集自21例患者,其中6例患者多只手套含异噻唑啉酮。许多患者在工作或家中也有其他异噻唑啉酮来源。结论:一次性橡胶手套可能是BIT的来源。有几只手套含有BIT,如果经常使用,其浓度可能足以引起接触性过敏。
{"title":"Isothiazolinones in Disposable Rubber Gloves-Results of Chemical Analysis.","authors":"Katri Suuronen, Katriina Ylinen, Sari Suomela, Maria Pesonen","doi":"10.1111/cod.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contact allergy to benzisothiazolinone (BIT) has increased in recent years, but exposure to it is not always found. It's important to know whether the gloves might be an isothiazolinone source especially in patients with symptoms from gloves and isothiazolinone contact allergy with or without allergy to rubber chemicals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To present results of chemical analysis of isothiazolinones in disposable rubber gloves of patients in an occupational dermatology clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We went through our chemical analysis record from 2018-2025 and identified isothiazolinone analyses done from disposable rubber gloves. The chemical analysis of glove extracts was done by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We screened the respective patients' files and collected information on their occupation, glove usage, patch test reactions as well as basic information on their hand eczema.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We discovered BIT in 30/54 (60%) analysed gloves (27 nitrile rubber gloves, 2 neoprene rubber gloves and 1 natural rubber glove) in concentrations of 0.3-73.7 ppm (mean 12.7 ppm, median 4.2 ppm). Methylisothiazolinone (MI) was found in solitary gloves in small concentrations. Isothiazolinone-containing gloves were samples from altogether 21 patients, and six of them had several gloves that contained isothiazolinones. Many patients had also other isothiazolinone sources at work or at home.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disposable rubber gloves are a possible BIT source. Several gloves contained BIT in a concentration that may be enough to induce contact allergy when gloves are used frequently.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to ‘Contact Sensitization to Fragrance Mix I and Fragrance Mix II Among European Dermatitis Patients: A Systematic Review’ 更正“欧洲皮炎患者对香精混合物I和香精混合物II的接触致敏:系统回顾”。
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70078

S. Botvid, N. H. Bennike, A. B. Simonsen, J. D. Johansen, and W. Uter, “Contact Sensitization to Fragrance Mix I and Fragrance Mix II Among European Dermatitis Patients: A Systematic Review,” Contact Dermatitis 91, no. 3 (2024): 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14618.

An incorrect description of regional prevalences was included in the Abstract and Discussion sections, though the data presented in the Results section were correct.

instead of ‘Sensitization to FM I was most prevalent in Central and Eastern Europe and to FM II in Western Europe’.

instead of ‘The prevalence of CA to FM I was highest in Central and Eastern Europe and lowest in Southern Europe. Conversely, CA to FM II was highest in Northwestern Europe’.

The sentence should read ‘The prevalence of CA both to FM I and FM II was highest in Northwestern Europe, compared to the other parts of Europe’

We apologize for these errors.

S. Botvid, N. H. Bennike, A. B. Simonsen, J. D. Johansen,和W. Uter,“欧洲皮炎患者对香精混合物I和香精混合物II的接触致敏:系统综述”,《接触性皮炎》91,no。3 (2024): 177-185, https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14618.An摘要和讨论部分对地区患病率的描述有误,尽管结果部分提供的数据是正确的。而不是“对FM I的敏感在中欧和东欧最为普遍,对FM II的敏感在西欧最为普遍”。而不是“CA到FM I的患病率在中欧和东欧最高,在南欧最低。相反,在西北欧,CA对fm2的比值最高。这句话应该是“与欧洲其他地区相比,欧洲西北部FM I和FM II的CA患病率最高”,我们为这些错误道歉。
{"title":"Correction to ‘Contact Sensitization to Fragrance Mix I and Fragrance Mix II Among European Dermatitis Patients: A Systematic Review’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/cod.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>S. Botvid, N. H. Bennike, A. B. Simonsen, J. D. Johansen, and W. Uter, “Contact Sensitization to Fragrance Mix I and Fragrance Mix II Among European Dermatitis Patients: A Systematic Review,” <i>Contact Dermatitis</i> 91, no. 3 (2024): 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14618.</p><p>An incorrect description of regional prevalences was included in the Abstract and Discussion sections, though the data presented in the Results section were correct.</p><p>instead of ‘Sensitization to FM I was most prevalent in Central and Eastern Europe and to FM II in Western Europe’.</p><p>instead of ‘The prevalence of CA to FM I was highest in Central and Eastern Europe and lowest in Southern Europe. Conversely, CA to FM II was highest in Northwestern Europe’.</p><p>The sentence should read ‘The prevalence of CA both to FM I and FM II was highest in Northwestern Europe, compared to the other parts of Europe’</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"94 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing Skin Barrier Integrity: A Comparative Study Using Transepidermal Water Loss, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Corneometry. 评估皮肤屏障完整性:经皮失水、电阻抗谱和角膜测量法的比较研究。
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70080
Charlotte Jasmin Kiani, Valentina Faihs, Claudia Kugler, Neslim Ercan, Shyami Kandage, Susanne Kaesler, Tilo Biedermann, Knut Brockow

Background: Skin barrier disruption can be induced through experimental models, yet standardised comparisons are scarce. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and corneometry (CM) are established methods to quantify barrier impairment. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a novel approach, which may provide complementary information.

Objectives: To compare EIS against TEWL and CM and to assess different barrier disruption models in humans in vivo.

Methods: 15 healthy adults (7 female, 8 male; median age 27 years) were recruited. Experiment I compared 3 adhesive tapes for tape stripping (TS). Experiment II evaluated TS, 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), SLS + TS, and gluten using TEWL, EIS, and CM.

Results: D-Squame tape caused stronger barrier impairment than Scotch and Tesa (TEWL p < 0.01, EIS p < 0.05). SLS + TS induced the most (8 h: TEWL p < 0.001; EIS p < 0.05; CM p < 0.05) and persistent disruption (24 h: TEWL p < 0.05, EIS p < 0.05), followed by TS (8 h: TEWL p < 0.01; EIS p < 0.05). SLS and aqua caused minor, non-significant effects; gluten had no measurable impact. EIS correlated strongly with TEWL (ρ = -0.62, p < 0.0001) and CM (ρ = -0.61, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: This first human study of EIS after experimental barrier disruption demonstrated strong concordance with TEWL and CM. Combined mechanical and chemical stress best reflects real-life barrier insults and represents a potent model.

背景:皮肤屏障破坏可以通过实验模型诱导,但标准化的比较很少。经皮失水(TEWL)和角膜比例尺(CM)是量化屏障损伤的常用方法。电阻抗谱(EIS)是一种新的方法,可以提供补充信息。目的:比较EIS与TEWL和CM,并评估人体体内不同的屏障破坏模型。方法:招募健康成人15例(女性7例,男性8例,中位年龄27岁)。实验一比较了3种胶带剥离(TS)的效果。实验二采用TEWL、EIS和CM评价TS、0.5%十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)、SLS + TS和面筋。结果:D-Squame胶带造成的屏障损伤比Scotch和Tesa (TEWL)更强。结论:实验屏障破坏后EIS的首次人体研究表明,TEWL和CM具有很强的一致性。机械和化学结合的应力最能反映现实生活中的屏障损伤,并代表了一个强有力的模型。
{"title":"Assessing Skin Barrier Integrity: A Comparative Study Using Transepidermal Water Loss, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Corneometry.","authors":"Charlotte Jasmin Kiani, Valentina Faihs, Claudia Kugler, Neslim Ercan, Shyami Kandage, Susanne Kaesler, Tilo Biedermann, Knut Brockow","doi":"10.1111/cod.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin barrier disruption can be induced through experimental models, yet standardised comparisons are scarce. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and corneometry (CM) are established methods to quantify barrier impairment. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a novel approach, which may provide complementary information.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare EIS against TEWL and CM and to assess different barrier disruption models in humans in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>15 healthy adults (7 female, 8 male; median age 27 years) were recruited. Experiment I compared 3 adhesive tapes for tape stripping (TS). Experiment II evaluated TS, 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), SLS + TS, and gluten using TEWL, EIS, and CM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>D-Squame tape caused stronger barrier impairment than Scotch and Tesa (TEWL p < 0.01, EIS p < 0.05). SLS + TS induced the most (8 h: TEWL p < 0.001; EIS p < 0.05; CM p < 0.05) and persistent disruption (24 h: TEWL p < 0.05, EIS p < 0.05), followed by TS (8 h: TEWL p < 0.01; EIS p < 0.05). SLS and aqua caused minor, non-significant effects; gluten had no measurable impact. EIS correlated strongly with TEWL (ρ = -0.62, p < 0.0001) and CM (ρ = -0.61, p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This first human study of EIS after experimental barrier disruption demonstrated strong concordance with TEWL and CM. Combined mechanical and chemical stress best reflects real-life barrier insults and represents a potent model.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145910773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response to Letter on ‘A Slippery Slope: Is Benzyl Alcohol a Contact Allergen?’ 对“滑坡效应:苯甲醇是一种接触性过敏原吗?”
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70077
Olivier Aerts, Jeanne Duus Johansen, Carola Lidén, Wolfgang Uter, Ian R. White
{"title":"Response to Letter on ‘A Slippery Slope: Is Benzyl Alcohol a Contact Allergen?’","authors":"Olivier Aerts,&nbsp;Jeanne Duus Johansen,&nbsp;Carola Lidén,&nbsp;Wolfgang Uter,&nbsp;Ian R. White","doi":"10.1111/cod.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"94 3","pages":"313-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145862363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contact Allergy to Ingredients of Hair Cosmetics Associated with Occupational and Non-Occupational Exposure-Trends from 1995 to 2020 in Central Europe, with or without Regulation. 与职业和非职业接触相关的头发化妆品成分接触过敏:中欧1995年至2020年的趋势,是否有法规
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70079
Wolfgang Uter, Jakob Ferløv Baselius Schwensen, Brunhilde Blömeke, Olaf Gefeller, Swen M John, Cara Bieck, Steffen Schubert

Background: Hair cosmetic products contain various chemicals which are partly potent contact sensitizers. These may cause occupational hand eczema in hairdressers, but also scalp and face dermatitis in consumers.

Objective: To (i) highlight differences between the spectrum of occupational and non-occupational exposure reflected in sensitization, and (ii) correlate trends in the last decades with regulatory interventions (or the lack thereof).

Methods: Patch test and clinical data collected by the IVDK (https://www.ivdk.org) between 01/1995 and 12/2020 were subjected to a pooled re-analysis. Age-stratified sensitization prevalences in female hairdressers and consumers, respectively, were calculated for 2-yearly intervals spanning the study period. Log-binomial regression models were employed to estimate the association between contact allergy and (i) subgroup (hairdresser vs. consumer), (ii) a 3-level age category, and/or (iii) time period, respectively.

Results: Hair dyes were the most frequent sensitizers in hairdressers and consumers; however, there was a marked increase in (particularly the young) consumers. Pyrogallol had been banned in 1992 but still elicited positive patch test reactions even in the young. Hydroquinone, banned in 2013 in dyes, showed no decline in sensitization prevalence. Glyceryl thioglycolate has been withdrawn and later banned in Germany since around 1995, which caused contact allergy prevalence to drop to almost zero in the youngest age group, largely until today.

Conclusion: As a limitation, putatively differing selection for patch testing render prevalences difficult to compare between hairdressers and consumers. The importance of hair dye allergy is evident, needing continued efforts to increase product safety from the manufacturing and regulatory side. The potential of (self-)regulatory intervention is well illustrated by the decline of contact allergy to glyceryl thioglycolate.

背景:头发化妆品含有各种化学物质,部分是强效接触致敏剂。这些可能会导致发型师的职业性手部湿疹,但也会导致消费者的头皮和面部皮炎。目的:(i)强调在致敏性中反映的职业和非职业暴露谱之间的差异,以及(ii)将过去几十年的趋势与监管干预(或缺乏监管干预)联系起来。方法:对1995年1月1日至2020年12月IVDK (https://www.ivdk.org)收集的斑贴试验和临床资料进行汇总再分析。在研究期间,以2年为间隔,分别计算女性理发师和消费者的年龄分层敏化患病率。采用对数二项回归模型分别估计接触性过敏与(i)亚组(理发师与消费者)、(ii) 3级年龄类别和/或(iii)时间段之间的关系。结果:染发剂是发型师和消费者中最常见的致敏剂;然而,消费者(尤其是年轻消费者)明显增加。邻苯三酚在1992年被禁用,但即使在年轻人中也引起了阳性的斑贴试验反应。对苯二酚(2013年在染料中被禁用)的致敏率没有下降。自1995年左右以来,巯基甘油酯已经在德国被撤回并后来被禁止,这使得接触性过敏在最年轻的年龄组中的发病率几乎降至零,直到今天。结论:作为局限性,假定的不同选择的补丁测试使得患病率难以比较理发师和消费者之间。染发剂过敏的重要性是显而易见的,需要从生产和监管方面继续努力提高产品安全性。(自我)调节干预的潜力很好地说明了接触性过敏对巯基甘油酯的下降。
{"title":"Contact Allergy to Ingredients of Hair Cosmetics Associated with Occupational and Non-Occupational Exposure-Trends from 1995 to 2020 in Central Europe, with or without Regulation.","authors":"Wolfgang Uter, Jakob Ferløv Baselius Schwensen, Brunhilde Blömeke, Olaf Gefeller, Swen M John, Cara Bieck, Steffen Schubert","doi":"10.1111/cod.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hair cosmetic products contain various chemicals which are partly potent contact sensitizers. These may cause occupational hand eczema in hairdressers, but also scalp and face dermatitis in consumers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To (i) highlight differences between the spectrum of occupational and non-occupational exposure reflected in sensitization, and (ii) correlate trends in the last decades with regulatory interventions (or the lack thereof).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patch test and clinical data collected by the IVDK (https://www.ivdk.org) between 01/1995 and 12/2020 were subjected to a pooled re-analysis. Age-stratified sensitization prevalences in female hairdressers and consumers, respectively, were calculated for 2-yearly intervals spanning the study period. Log-binomial regression models were employed to estimate the association between contact allergy and (i) subgroup (hairdresser vs. consumer), (ii) a 3-level age category, and/or (iii) time period, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hair dyes were the most frequent sensitizers in hairdressers and consumers; however, there was a marked increase in (particularly the young) consumers. Pyrogallol had been banned in 1992 but still elicited positive patch test reactions even in the young. Hydroquinone, banned in 2013 in dyes, showed no decline in sensitization prevalence. Glyceryl thioglycolate has been withdrawn and later banned in Germany since around 1995, which caused contact allergy prevalence to drop to almost zero in the youngest age group, largely until today.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a limitation, putatively differing selection for patch testing render prevalences difficult to compare between hairdressers and consumers. The importance of hair dye allergy is evident, needing continued efforts to increase product safety from the manufacturing and regulatory side. The potential of (self-)regulatory intervention is well illustrated by the decline of contact allergy to glyceryl thioglycolate.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145862353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determination of Rosin Oxidation Products in Pigments and Inks as a Potential Source of Tattoo Allergenicity. 颜料和油墨中松香氧化产物作为纹身过敏原的潜在来源的测定。
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70076
Marianita Perez-Gonzalez, Adrian Weisz

Background: The vast majority of allergic tattoo reactions involve red-shaded tattoos without a causal explanation.

Objective: To determine rosin oxidation products (ROPs) in pigments and tattoo inks as a hypothesised source of tattoo allergenicity.

Materials and methods: Content of pigment samples (n = 112) and tattoo inks (n = 119) was analysed using newly developed UHPLC/PDA/MS methods, XRD and high-resolution MS.

Results: ROPs were found at varying levels in 32 pigments and 38 tattoo inks. The mean ROP level of red inks was approximately three-fold higher than that of non-red-spectrum inks. Among 24 red-spectrum inks with ROPs, azo pigments PR170, PR266, PR22, PY74 and quinacridones PR122 and PV19 were frequently identified. PR170 was present in 21 of those inks.

Conclusions: To explain results, a manufacturing model was developed showing rosination pathways, with only some having likely allergenic outcomes. Inks whose pigments were produced with rosin incorporated and/or irreversibly bound are the most likely to be allergenic. ROPs within those inks are believed to remain in the body after tattooing, acting as haptens. This view is consistent with biopsy reports of allergic reactions to red-shaded tattoos. We propose that ROPs may be at least partially responsible for those reactions. Pending proof of this proposal, tattoo-ink manufacturers might choose to avoid rosinated pigments.

背景:绝大多数纹身过敏反应都与红色阴影纹身有关,但没有因果解释。目的:确定颜料和纹身油墨中的松香氧化产物(ROPs)作为纹身过敏原的假设来源。材料与方法:采用新开发的UHPLC/PDA/MS、XRD和高分辨率MS等方法对112个颜料样品和119个纹身油墨样品进行含量分析。结果:在32种颜料和38种纹身油墨中发现了不同程度的rop。红光谱油墨的平均ROP水平大约是非红光谱油墨的三倍。在24种具有rop的红光谱油墨中,偶氮颜料PR170、PR266、PR22、PY74和喹吖酮PR122和PV19被频繁鉴定。其中21种油墨中含有PR170。结论:为了解释结果,开发了一个制造模型,显示了玫瑰化途径,只有一些可能具有过敏性结果。颜料中加入松香和/或不可逆结合的油墨最容易引起过敏。据信,纹身后,这些墨水中的rop会以半抗原的形式留在体内。这一观点与对红色纹身过敏反应的活检报告是一致的。我们认为rop可能至少对这些反应负有部分责任。在这一建议得到证实之前,纹身墨水制造商可能会选择避免使用松香色素。
{"title":"Determination of Rosin Oxidation Products in Pigments and Inks as a Potential Source of Tattoo Allergenicity.","authors":"Marianita Perez-Gonzalez, Adrian Weisz","doi":"10.1111/cod.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The vast majority of allergic tattoo reactions involve red-shaded tattoos without a causal explanation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine rosin oxidation products (ROPs) in pigments and tattoo inks as a hypothesised source of tattoo allergenicity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Content of pigment samples (n = 112) and tattoo inks (n = 119) was analysed using newly developed UHPLC/PDA/MS methods, XRD and high-resolution MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROPs were found at varying levels in 32 pigments and 38 tattoo inks. The mean ROP level of red inks was approximately three-fold higher than that of non-red-spectrum inks. Among 24 red-spectrum inks with ROPs, azo pigments PR170, PR266, PR22, PY74 and quinacridones PR122 and PV19 were frequently identified. PR170 was present in 21 of those inks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To explain results, a manufacturing model was developed showing rosination pathways, with only some having likely allergenic outcomes. Inks whose pigments were produced with rosin incorporated and/or irreversibly bound are the most likely to be allergenic. ROPs within those inks are believed to remain in the body after tattooing, acting as haptens. This view is consistent with biopsy reports of allergic reactions to red-shaded tattoos. We propose that ROPs may be at least partially responsible for those reactions. Pending proof of this proposal, tattoo-ink manufacturers might choose to avoid rosinated pigments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145854679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis to a Product Containing Patchouli Essential Oil in a Non-Occupational Setting. 非职业环境下对广藿香精油产品的过敏性接触性皮炎。
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70081
William Andrew Rosato, Paolo Danza, Giulia Ciccarese, Caterina Foti, Giorgia Sbarra
{"title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis to a Product Containing Patchouli Essential Oil in a Non-Occupational Setting.","authors":"William Andrew Rosato, Paolo Danza, Giulia Ciccarese, Caterina Foti, Giorgia Sbarra","doi":"10.1111/cod.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.70081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145854627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discordant Patch Test Reactions to 2-Bromo-2-Nitro-Propane-1,3-Diol (Bronopol): A Multicenter Study From REIDAC. 2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇(Bronopol)的不一致斑贴试验反应:来自REIDAC的多中心研究。
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70082
Tatiana Sanz Sánchez, Ana María Giménez-Arnau, Violeta Zaragoza Ninet, Susana Córdoba Guijarro, Francisco Javier Miquel Miquel, Juan Francisco Silvestre Salvador, Ricardo González Pérez, Inmaculada Ruíz González, Pedro Mercader-García, Esther Serra Baldrich, José Manuel Carrascosa Carrillo, Fátima Tous Romero, Francisco Javier Ortiz de Frutos, Mercedes Rodríguez Serna, María Elena Gatica Ortega, Carmen Paredes Suárez, Francisco Navarro-Triviño, Pablo Chicharro, María Antonia Pastor Nieto, Enrique Gómez de la Fuente, Araceli Sánchez-Gilo, Marta Andreu-Barasoain, José Juan Pereyra Rodríguez, Gemma Melé I Ninot, Paloma Sánchez-Pedreño Guillén, Marta Elosua-González, Mercè Grau-Pérez, Miguel Ángel Descalzo, Leopoldo Borrego
{"title":"Discordant Patch Test Reactions to 2-Bromo-2-Nitro-Propane-1,3-Diol (Bronopol): A Multicenter Study From REIDAC.","authors":"Tatiana Sanz Sánchez, Ana María Giménez-Arnau, Violeta Zaragoza Ninet, Susana Córdoba Guijarro, Francisco Javier Miquel Miquel, Juan Francisco Silvestre Salvador, Ricardo González Pérez, Inmaculada Ruíz González, Pedro Mercader-García, Esther Serra Baldrich, José Manuel Carrascosa Carrillo, Fátima Tous Romero, Francisco Javier Ortiz de Frutos, Mercedes Rodríguez Serna, María Elena Gatica Ortega, Carmen Paredes Suárez, Francisco Navarro-Triviño, Pablo Chicharro, María Antonia Pastor Nieto, Enrique Gómez de la Fuente, Araceli Sánchez-Gilo, Marta Andreu-Barasoain, José Juan Pereyra Rodríguez, Gemma Melé I Ninot, Paloma Sánchez-Pedreño Guillén, Marta Elosua-González, Mercè Grau-Pérez, Miguel Ángel Descalzo, Leopoldo Borrego","doi":"10.1111/cod.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strengths and Limitations of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate as an Irritant Control in Patch Testing. 十二烷基硫酸钠在斑贴试验中控制刺激物的优点和局限性。
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70075
Susann Forkel, Silke S Matzke, Moritz M Hollstein, Burkhard Kreft, Harald Löffler, Christoph Skudlik, Mathias Sulk, Guido Heine, Andrea Bauer, Nicola Wagner, Annice Heratizadeh, Timo Buhl

Background: Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been included as an irritant control in the baseline patch test series of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) for two decades, although its diagnostic value remains controversial.

Objective: To evaluate the strengths and limitations of SLS as an irritant control in patch testing.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from 43 478 consecutive patients patch tested with 0.25% SLS aq. and 189 allergens within the IVDK network. SLS reactions were graded from 1 (weak) to 5 (strong). Associations between SLS reactivity and allergen-specific responses were examined.

Results: Overall, 22.4% of all patients reacted positively to SLS, most with weak erythema (SLS 1). Stronger SLS reactions (SLS 2-5) were associated with male sex, age ≥ 40 years, occupational dermatitis and hand dermatitis. Positive SLS reactions correlated with several allergens of high irritative potential, notably cocamidopropyl betaine, formaldehyde, sorbic acid and diphenylguanidine. In contrast, plant-derived allergens showed weak or inconsistent associations. Importantly, grading SLS reactions (1-5) did not improve diagnostic discrimination compared to a simple positive/negative classification.

Conclusion: While SLS can indicate skin irritability for certain allergens, it is not a universal marker. Our large-scale analysis supports binary SLS classification and provides a robust evidence base for the ongoing debate on whether and how irritant controls should be used in patch testing.

背景:在德国接触性皮炎研究小组(DKG)的基线贴片试验系列中,十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)作为刺激物对照已被纳入了二十年,尽管其诊断价值仍存在争议。目的:评价SLS在贴片试验中作为刺激物对照的优势和局限性。方法:我们回顾性分析了43478例连续患者的数据,这些患者使用0.25%的SLS aq和IVDK网络中的189种过敏原进行了贴片测试。SLS反应从1(弱)到5(强)进行分级。研究了SLS反应性与过敏原特异性反应之间的关系。结果:总体而言,22.4%的患者对SLS反应阳性,大多数为轻度红斑(SLS 1)。较强的SLS反应(SLS 2-5)与男性、年龄≥40岁、职业性皮炎和手部皮炎相关。SLS阳性反应与几种高刺激电位的过敏原相关,主要是椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、甲醛、山梨酸和二苯基胍。相比之下,植物源性过敏原表现出微弱或不一致的关联。重要的是,与简单的阳性/阴性分类相比,SLS反应分级(1-5)并没有提高诊断辨别力。结论:虽然SLS可以表明某些过敏原的皮肤过敏性,但它不是一个普遍的标记。我们的大规模分析支持二元SLS分类,并为正在进行的关于是否以及如何在补丁测试中使用刺激性控制的辩论提供了强有力的证据基础。
{"title":"Strengths and Limitations of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate as an Irritant Control in Patch Testing.","authors":"Susann Forkel, Silke S Matzke, Moritz M Hollstein, Burkhard Kreft, Harald Löffler, Christoph Skudlik, Mathias Sulk, Guido Heine, Andrea Bauer, Nicola Wagner, Annice Heratizadeh, Timo Buhl","doi":"10.1111/cod.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been included as an irritant control in the baseline patch test series of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) for two decades, although its diagnostic value remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the strengths and limitations of SLS as an irritant control in patch testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed data from 43 478 consecutive patients patch tested with 0.25% SLS aq. and 189 allergens within the IVDK network. SLS reactions were graded from 1 (weak) to 5 (strong). Associations between SLS reactivity and allergen-specific responses were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 22.4% of all patients reacted positively to SLS, most with weak erythema (SLS 1). Stronger SLS reactions (SLS 2-5) were associated with male sex, age ≥ 40 years, occupational dermatitis and hand dermatitis. Positive SLS reactions correlated with several allergens of high irritative potential, notably cocamidopropyl betaine, formaldehyde, sorbic acid and diphenylguanidine. In contrast, plant-derived allergens showed weak or inconsistent associations. Importantly, grading SLS reactions (1-5) did not improve diagnostic discrimination compared to a simple positive/negative classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While SLS can indicate skin irritability for certain allergens, it is not a universal marker. Our large-scale analysis supports binary SLS classification and provides a robust evidence base for the ongoing debate on whether and how irritant controls should be used in patch testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Skin Barrier Biomarkers in Patch-Induced and Clinical Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis. 皮肤屏障生物标志物在贴片诱导和临床过敏性和刺激性接触性皮炎。
IF 4.6 1区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/cod.70070
Sanja Kezic, Florentine de Boer, Nariman K A Metwally, Karen Ghauharali-van der Vlugt, Femke S Beers-Stet, Wouter Ouwerkerk, Ivone Jakasa, Thomas Rustemeyer, Henk F van der Molen

Background: Skin barrier impairment is central to irritant (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Stratum corneum (SC) components cholesterol sulphate (CholSulph), glucosylcholesterol (CholGlc) and natural moisturising factor (NMF) are critical for barrier function, but their changes in ICD and ACD remain underexplored.

Objectives: To measure CholSulph, CholGlc, NMF and IL-1α in patch-induced ICD and ACD and in hand dermatitis (HD) diagnosed as ICD or ACD.

Methods: SC samples were collected from HD patients undergoing patch testing. Biomarkers were analysed in positive reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate (ICD, n = 44), allergens (ACD, n = 113; nickel, chromium, methylisothiazolinone [MI]), lesional HD skin (n = 45) and control (empty chamber, n = 121).

Results: CholGlc was significantly elevated in patch-induced ICD and ACD. CholSulph was increased in ICD and chromium- and MI-induced ACD. NMF decreased in ICD, while IL-1α decreased in ICD and chromium ACD. Chromium induced the strongest response, nickel the weakest. In HD, ICD and ACD showed elevated CholGlc, reduced NMF and IL-1α, with CholSulph increased only in ACD. No biomarker differences were detected between clinical ICD and ACD.

Conclusions: Both induced and clinical ICD and ACD show consistent SC biomarker changes reflecting barrier dysfunction, with no differences between clinical ICD and ACD.

背景:皮肤屏障损伤是刺激性(ICD)和过敏性接触性皮炎(ACD)的核心。角质层(SC)成分硫酸胆固醇(CholSulph)、葡萄糖胆固醇(CholGlc)和天然保湿因子(NMF)对屏障功能至关重要,但它们在ICD和ACD中的变化尚不清楚。目的:测定贴片性ICD、ACD及诊断为ICD、ACD的手性皮炎(HD)患者的胆硫、胆糖、NMF和IL-1α水平。方法:从HD患者中采集SC标本进行斑贴试验。对十二烷基硫酸钠(ICD, n = 44)、过敏原(ACD, n = 113;镍、铬、甲基异噻唑啉酮[MI])、病变HD皮肤(n = 45)和对照组(空室,n = 121)的阳性反应进行生物标志物分析。结果:补片诱导的ICD和ACD中CholGlc明显升高。ICD、铬和mi诱导的ACD中CholSulph升高。ICD中NMF降低,ICD和铬ACD中IL-1α降低。铬的反应最强,镍的反应最弱。HD组ICD和ACD组CholGlc升高,NMF和IL-1α降低,仅ACD组cholsulh升高。临床ICD和ACD之间没有检测到生物标志物差异。结论:诱导性ICD和临床ACD均表现出一致的SC生物标志物变化,反映屏障功能障碍,临床ICD和ACD之间无差异。
{"title":"Skin Barrier Biomarkers in Patch-Induced and Clinical Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis.","authors":"Sanja Kezic, Florentine de Boer, Nariman K A Metwally, Karen Ghauharali-van der Vlugt, Femke S Beers-Stet, Wouter Ouwerkerk, Ivone Jakasa, Thomas Rustemeyer, Henk F van der Molen","doi":"10.1111/cod.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin barrier impairment is central to irritant (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Stratum corneum (SC) components cholesterol sulphate (CholSulph), glucosylcholesterol (CholGlc) and natural moisturising factor (NMF) are critical for barrier function, but their changes in ICD and ACD remain underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To measure CholSulph, CholGlc, NMF and IL-1α in patch-induced ICD and ACD and in hand dermatitis (HD) diagnosed as ICD or ACD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SC samples were collected from HD patients undergoing patch testing. Biomarkers were analysed in positive reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate (ICD, n = 44), allergens (ACD, n = 113; nickel, chromium, methylisothiazolinone [MI]), lesional HD skin (n = 45) and control (empty chamber, n = 121).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CholGlc was significantly elevated in patch-induced ICD and ACD. CholSulph was increased in ICD and chromium- and MI-induced ACD. NMF decreased in ICD, while IL-1α decreased in ICD and chromium ACD. Chromium induced the strongest response, nickel the weakest. In HD, ICD and ACD showed elevated CholGlc, reduced NMF and IL-1α, with CholSulph increased only in ACD. No biomarker differences were detected between clinical ICD and ACD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both induced and clinical ICD and ACD show consistent SC biomarker changes reflecting barrier dysfunction, with no differences between clinical ICD and ACD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Contact Dermatitis
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1