Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977121
T. A. Hamid, Basir Nordin
Malaysia is blessed with abundant rainfall estimated about 3000 mm per year. However, we are facing with the challenge to manage and explore its potential to serve our needs and to solve our water supply problems. Even though the government has already put some plans to overcome water shortage in the country which include the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS), its implementation is still below expectation mainly due to the low level of awareness among the people. In a campus environment, this option can be adopted as part of the green campus initiatives. In this paper, Kolej Perindu 3, one of the male residential colleges in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia is selected as a case study in order to determine the reliability of rainwater harvesting system installation. The study shows that up to 90% reliability can be achieved based on the available rainfall data and the roof catchment area of the college. In terms of saving, it is estimated that about RM10460 can be saved annually form the water bill.
马来西亚拥有丰富的降雨量，估计每年约3000毫米。然而，我们正面临着管理和探索其潜力以满足我们的需要和解决我们的供水问题的挑战。尽管政府已经制定了一些计划来克服该国的水资源短缺，其中包括雨水收集系统(RWHS)，但其实施仍然低于预期，主要原因是人们的意识水平较低。在校园环境中，这个选项可以作为绿色校园倡议的一部分。为了确定雨水收集系统安装的可靠性，本文选择了马来西亚理工大学(Universiti technologii MARA, UiTM)的一所男子住宿学院Kolej Perindu 3作为案例研究。研究表明，基于现有降雨数据和学院屋顶集水区面积，可靠性可达90%。在节省方面，估计每年可从水费中节省约RM10460。
{"title":"Green campus initiative: Introducing RWH system in Kolej Perindu 3 UiTM Malaysia","authors":"T. A. Hamid, Basir Nordin","doi":"10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977121","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia is blessed with abundant rainfall estimated about 3000 mm per year. However, we are facing with the challenge to manage and explore its potential to serve our needs and to solve our water supply problems. Even though the government has already put some plans to overcome water shortage in the country which include the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS), its implementation is still below expectation mainly due to the low level of awareness among the people. In a campus environment, this option can be adopted as part of the green campus initiatives. In this paper, Kolej Perindu 3, one of the male residential colleges in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia is selected as a case study in order to determine the reliability of rainwater harvesting system installation. The study shows that up to 90% reliability can be achieved based on the available rainfall data and the roof catchment area of the college. In terms of saving, it is estimated that about RM10460 can be saved annually form the water bill.","PeriodicalId":105476,"journal":{"name":"2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128897518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977112
M. Al-Ruqeishi, Khalifa Al-Azri, R. Nor, Y. M. Amin
The growth of SiOx nanowires and nano-cakes on Au-coated n-type-Silicon (100) substrate via carbothermal evaporation were studied. The standing nanowires were preferred in solar cells to gain more energy. The effects of the Au layer thickness and rapid heating rate on the morphology of obtained SiOx nanowires were investigated. A broad emission band from 290 to 600 nm is observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of these nanowires. There are four PL peaks: one blue emission peaks 485 nm (2.56 eV) two green bands centred at 502 nm (2.47 eV) and 524 nm (2.37 eV) for nanocakes and one ultraviolet emission peak at 350 nm (3.54 eV) and a hemisphere curve over the bluish green area taken for SiOx nanowires. These emissions may be related to the various oxygen defects and twofold coordinated silicon lone pair centres.
{"title":"Synthesis and photoluminescence of SiOx nanowires and aligned nanocakes for solar cell applications","authors":"M. Al-Ruqeishi, Khalifa Al-Azri, R. Nor, Y. M. Amin","doi":"10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977112","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of SiOx nanowires and nano-cakes on Au-coated n-type-Silicon (100) substrate via carbothermal evaporation were studied. The standing nanowires were preferred in solar cells to gain more energy. The effects of the Au layer thickness and rapid heating rate on the morphology of obtained SiOx nanowires were investigated. A broad emission band from 290 to 600 nm is observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of these nanowires. There are four PL peaks: one blue emission peaks 485 nm (2.56 eV) two green bands centred at 502 nm (2.47 eV) and 524 nm (2.37 eV) for nanocakes and one ultraviolet emission peak at 350 nm (3.54 eV) and a hemisphere curve over the bluish green area taken for SiOx nanowires. These emissions may be related to the various oxygen defects and twofold coordinated silicon lone pair centres.","PeriodicalId":105476,"journal":{"name":"2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117241711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977117
Mohd Syahrul Hisyam bin Mohd Sani, Fadhluhartini bt Muftah, Marzuki Ab Rahman
Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) is a waste material collected from the Paper Industry. WPSA is used as cement replacement in producing mortar and was investigated on its chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Construction material with natural resources now become limited and causes of air pollution and environmental problems. WPSA becomes a new innovation material that can be used as material for masonry to support the green technology due to less presence of sulphate at only 0.57% of the total weight. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Sulphur dioxide emission also can be reduced since less cement productivity is involved. The chemical and physical properties of the WPSA were determined by comparing it with the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). As the result of testing, it shows that WPSA is similar to the chemical properties of OPC and the water absorption of the mortar is 27.05%. However the total percentage of the three combinations of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 was 45% and expected to possess low pozzolanic reactivity (50%). WPSA was used in mortar with proportions of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% as cement replacement by volume along with sand and water in fix quantity. An additional control mix mortar without WPSA was also prepared. The compressive strength of each mortar mix was also determined on 3, 7, 28 and 60 days. Results show that the compressive strength increased with increasing curing age for all concrete mixes and the compressive strength decreases with increasing WPSA in the mortar. The inclusion of 50% WPSA can gain favorable strength mortar at 16.4 MPa. Meanwhile 70% and 100% replacement can be adopted for economical environmental mortar to suit lower strength mortar construction at 12.5 MPa and 7.7 MPa respectively.
{"title":"Properties of Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) as cement replacement in mortar to support green technology material","authors":"Mohd Syahrul Hisyam bin Mohd Sani, Fadhluhartini bt Muftah, Marzuki Ab Rahman","doi":"10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977117","url":null,"abstract":"Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) is a waste material collected from the Paper Industry. WPSA is used as cement replacement in producing mortar and was investigated on its chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Construction material with natural resources now become limited and causes of air pollution and environmental problems. WPSA becomes a new innovation material that can be used as material for masonry to support the green technology due to less presence of sulphate at only 0.57% of the total weight. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Sulphur dioxide emission also can be reduced since less cement productivity is involved. The chemical and physical properties of the WPSA were determined by comparing it with the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). As the result of testing, it shows that WPSA is similar to the chemical properties of OPC and the water absorption of the mortar is 27.05%. However the total percentage of the three combinations of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 was 45% and expected to possess low pozzolanic reactivity (50%). WPSA was used in mortar with proportions of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% as cement replacement by volume along with sand and water in fix quantity. An additional control mix mortar without WPSA was also prepared. The compressive strength of each mortar mix was also determined on 3, 7, 28 and 60 days. Results show that the compressive strength increased with increasing curing age for all concrete mixes and the compressive strength decreases with increasing WPSA in the mortar. The inclusion of 50% WPSA can gain favorable strength mortar at 16.4 MPa. Meanwhile 70% and 100% replacement can be adopted for economical environmental mortar to suit lower strength mortar construction at 12.5 MPa and 7.7 MPa respectively.","PeriodicalId":105476,"journal":{"name":"2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122408730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977094
F. Abu, Mansur Ahmad
Particleboard being the main building material for kitchen cabinet in Malaysia houses has shown some installation problems. The damages observed during installation are in the form of split holes, loose holes and delamination. Almost all of the sites visited have shown some damages of the particleboard during the screw fixing activities. Screw-holding performance test was done in the same condition checked at the selected site. The medium-class to upper-class residential building in Malaysia is generally equipped with air-conditioning units in order to provide thermal comfort to its occupants. It is usually limited to living room, dining room and bedroom. However, kitchens are sometimes being controlled thermally with air-conditioning units and thus are included as the material conditioning in this study. In collaboration with Signature Kitchen Sdn. Bhd., twenty-eight (28) houses in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor selected were monitored and recorded for its average temperature and relative humidity (RH). The particleboards for the screw-holding performance tests were set to an air-conditioned room environment (20°C and 65% RH) and on-site environment (31.3°C and 72% RH). The screw-holding performance test were done on the face and edge surface. It was found that the properties have passed the European Standard (EN). It is concluded that the damages during installation was not cause by the kitchen environmental condition or the quality of particleboard.
{"title":"Screw-fixing damages and screw-holding performance in particleboard exposed to the kitchen environment in the selected area of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor","authors":"F. Abu, Mansur Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977094","url":null,"abstract":"Particleboard being the main building material for kitchen cabinet in Malaysia houses has shown some installation problems. The damages observed during installation are in the form of split holes, loose holes and delamination. Almost all of the sites visited have shown some damages of the particleboard during the screw fixing activities. Screw-holding performance test was done in the same condition checked at the selected site. The medium-class to upper-class residential building in Malaysia is generally equipped with air-conditioning units in order to provide thermal comfort to its occupants. It is usually limited to living room, dining room and bedroom. However, kitchens are sometimes being controlled thermally with air-conditioning units and thus are included as the material conditioning in this study. In collaboration with Signature Kitchen Sdn. Bhd., twenty-eight (28) houses in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor selected were monitored and recorded for its average temperature and relative humidity (RH). The particleboards for the screw-holding performance tests were set to an air-conditioned room environment (20°C and 65% RH) and on-site environment (31.3°C and 72% RH). The screw-holding performance test were done on the face and edge surface. It was found that the properties have passed the European Standard (EN). It is concluded that the damages during installation was not cause by the kitchen environmental condition or the quality of particleboard.","PeriodicalId":105476,"journal":{"name":"2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115759159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977105
R. M. Zin, R. Salleh, R. Sazali, Norin Zamiah Kassim
Petlyuk column is complex unconventional column that employed distributed distillation method through thermally coupled technique which minimizes the lost work due mixing and recycling of fluids within a column[1]. Conventional distillation operation is energy extensive process that responsible for immense amount of energy utilization with large capital cost investment. It is reported that, heat utilizations for the conventional fractionation/separation train to carry out the desired duty involve enormous amount of heat, which is about 40–60 % of the overall plant. Hence for future generation, it is crucial to have a new arrangement of separation unit that have noble in energy efficiency, operating cost and wise capital investment are desired in order to reduce the total energy consumption for sustainable environment. In this research work, the separation train in natural gas processing plant utilized the use of Petlyuk Column (complex column) and simulated in HYSYS to ensure that the sequence generated practically can be achieved and meet the requirements particularly in product specifications. Economics analysis on capital cost and operatjing cost shows promising potential savings in all aspects of capital cost, operating cost and energy consumptions of about 43.82% 46.03 % and 29.10% respectively.
{"title":"Energy efficiency in natural gas processing plant via adoption of complex column (Petlyuk column) for sustainable environment","authors":"R. M. Zin, R. Salleh, R. Sazali, Norin Zamiah Kassim","doi":"10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977105","url":null,"abstract":"Petlyuk column is complex unconventional column that employed distributed distillation method through thermally coupled technique which minimizes the lost work due mixing and recycling of fluids within a column[1]. Conventional distillation operation is energy extensive process that responsible for immense amount of energy utilization with large capital cost investment. It is reported that, heat utilizations for the conventional fractionation/separation train to carry out the desired duty involve enormous amount of heat, which is about 40–60 % of the overall plant. Hence for future generation, it is crucial to have a new arrangement of separation unit that have noble in energy efficiency, operating cost and wise capital investment are desired in order to reduce the total energy consumption for sustainable environment. In this research work, the separation train in natural gas processing plant utilized the use of Petlyuk Column (complex column) and simulated in HYSYS to ensure that the sequence generated practically can be achieved and meet the requirements particularly in product specifications. Economics analysis on capital cost and operatjing cost shows promising potential savings in all aspects of capital cost, operating cost and energy consumptions of about 43.82% 46.03 % and 29.10% respectively.","PeriodicalId":105476,"journal":{"name":"2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133762257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977090
Fairus Muhamad Darus, A. Zain-Ahmed, Mohd Talib Latif
The indoor and outdoor air quality at four residential buildings in Shah Alam, Selangor was investigated. The concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matters (PM10) in outdoor and indoor of the houses were determined for 8 hour period. The mean concentration of CO, CO2 and PM10 indoor was in the range 0.24–0.31 ppm, 437.18–549.57 ppm and 94.00–124.00 μg/m3 respectively. The results indicated that all of the average indoor concentrations of CO, CO2, and PM10 were below the limit of Malaysian guideline standards. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratios of all air pollutants were found to be below one, except for CO2 which seems to be affected by outdoor sources of origin.
{"title":"Terraced residential housing indoor and outdoor air quality in Shah Alam, Malaysia","authors":"Fairus Muhamad Darus, A. Zain-Ahmed, Mohd Talib Latif","doi":"10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977090","url":null,"abstract":"The indoor and outdoor air quality at four residential buildings in Shah Alam, Selangor was investigated. The concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>), and particulate matters (PM<inf>10</inf>) in outdoor and indoor of the houses were determined for 8 hour period. The mean concentration of CO, CO<inf>2</inf> and PM<inf>10</inf> indoor was in the range 0.24–0.31 ppm, 437.18–549.57 ppm and 94.00–124.00 μg/m<sup>3</sup> respectively. The results indicated that all of the average indoor concentrations of CO, CO<inf>2</inf>, and PM<inf>10</inf> were below the limit of Malaysian guideline standards. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratios of all air pollutants were found to be below one, except for CO<inf>2</inf> which seems to be affected by outdoor sources of origin.","PeriodicalId":105476,"journal":{"name":"2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116343922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977126
Vincent A. Parnabas, Yahaya Mahamood
Anxiety is multidimensional in nature with both cognitive and somatic components. Since anxiety has been the main barrier on performance among, many psychological researches has been done on coping strategies to reduce the level of anxiety on athletes. Imagery, which not only focuses on visual senses but may include other senses as well, helps athletes to reduce anxiety and improve performance. Visualize green space has a positive impact on mental health. The aim of this research was to evaluate the usage of imagery relaxation (high, medium and low) and their anxiety level. The sample consisted of 844 athletes was drawn from athletes who competed MASUM (Sport between Universities), MSSM (Sport between Schools) and Sukan Olimpik Muda (Young Olympic athletes Sport). The instrument used for the study comprised of Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and Cognitive Coping Anxiety Strategies. The result reviewed that highest user of imagery techniques by visualize green space experienced the lowest level of anxiety and vice versa. Sport psychologists, sport counsellors or coaches should use this research to recommend imagery as a coping strategy to reduce anxiety. Imagination of green space like tress and grass had help to reduce anxiety among athletes and enhance their performance in sport.
{"title":"Anxiety and imagery of green space among athletes","authors":"Vincent A. Parnabas, Yahaya Mahamood","doi":"10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977126","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety is multidimensional in nature with both cognitive and somatic components. Since anxiety has been the main barrier on performance among, many psychological researches has been done on coping strategies to reduce the level of anxiety on athletes. Imagery, which not only focuses on visual senses but may include other senses as well, helps athletes to reduce anxiety and improve performance. Visualize green space has a positive impact on mental health. The aim of this research was to evaluate the usage of imagery relaxation (high, medium and low) and their anxiety level. The sample consisted of 844 athletes was drawn from athletes who competed MASUM (Sport between Universities), MSSM (Sport between Schools) and Sukan Olimpik Muda (Young Olympic athletes Sport). The instrument used for the study comprised of Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and Cognitive Coping Anxiety Strategies. The result reviewed that highest user of imagery techniques by visualize green space experienced the lowest level of anxiety and vice versa. Sport psychologists, sport counsellors or coaches should use this research to recommend imagery as a coping strategy to reduce anxiety. Imagination of green space like tress and grass had help to reduce anxiety among athletes and enhance their performance in sport.","PeriodicalId":105476,"journal":{"name":"2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121660158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977089
W. Zaki, A. H. Nawawi, S. Ahmad
Passive Architecture (PA) Terraced House is proposed as an alternative to conventional terraced house. In the local context, PA design strategies alleviate heat gain, encourage natural ventilation and optimise daylighting; achieved mainly by building orientation. This paper demonstrates the quantum of indoor environmental conditions in a PA Terraced House with reference to a Typical Terraced House, focusing on thermal comfort and visual comfort. Both houses are simulated using internationally accredited Indoor Environmental Solutions (IES) programme with ‘Apache’ and ‘Radiance’ software to ascertain the indoor air temperature and daylighting illuminance, respectively. When compared against the standard for thermal comfort, the rooms in the Typical Terraced House creates thermal discomfort eight times longer than the same in the PA Terraced House, annually. Similarly, PA Terraced Houses provides sufficient daylighting illuminance for a much longer time compared to the Typical Terraced House.
{"title":"Indoor environmental conditions in Passive Architecture Terraced House","authors":"W. Zaki, A. H. Nawawi, S. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977089","url":null,"abstract":"Passive Architecture (PA) Terraced House is proposed as an alternative to conventional terraced house. In the local context, PA design strategies alleviate heat gain, encourage natural ventilation and optimise daylighting; achieved mainly by building orientation. This paper demonstrates the quantum of indoor environmental conditions in a PA Terraced House with reference to a Typical Terraced House, focusing on thermal comfort and visual comfort. Both houses are simulated using internationally accredited Indoor Environmental Solutions (IES) programme with ‘Apache’ and ‘Radiance’ software to ascertain the indoor air temperature and daylighting illuminance, respectively. When compared against the standard for thermal comfort, the rooms in the Typical Terraced House creates thermal discomfort eight times longer than the same in the PA Terraced House, annually. Similarly, PA Terraced Houses provides sufficient daylighting illuminance for a much longer time compared to the Typical Terraced House.","PeriodicalId":105476,"journal":{"name":"2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE)","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132068465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977110
Muhammad Taqi-uddeen Safian, Z. A. Ghani, K. Ismail, M. Ishak
Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the condition for liquefaction process of Mukah Balingian (MB) low-rank Malaysian coal by using semi-continuous solvent flow two-stage reactor system. The reaction was performed by using tetralin as the solvent. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to optimize the effect of three important reaction variables, i.e. flow-rate (ml/min), reaction time (min) and Ni loading (wt.%). A total of 20 experiments were conducted. It was concluded that the liquefaction should be carried out under solvent flow-rate of 1.12 ml/min, reaction time of 60 min and 5 wt.% of NiSiO2 loading. Under the optimum conditions, the corresponding response value for oil+gas yield was 71.25 %.
{"title":"Coal liquefaction using semi-continuous solvent flow two-stage reactor system: Optimizing using response surface methodology (RSM)","authors":"Muhammad Taqi-uddeen Safian, Z. A. Ghani, K. Ismail, M. Ishak","doi":"10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977110","url":null,"abstract":"Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the condition for liquefaction process of Mukah Balingian (MB) low-rank Malaysian coal by using semi-continuous solvent flow two-stage reactor system. The reaction was performed by using tetralin as the solvent. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to optimize the effect of three important reaction variables, i.e. flow-rate (ml/min), reaction time (min) and Ni loading (wt.%). A total of 20 experiments were conducted. It was concluded that the liquefaction should be carried out under solvent flow-rate of 1.12 ml/min, reaction time of 60 min and 5 wt.% of NiSiO2 loading. Under the optimum conditions, the corresponding response value for oil+gas yield was 71.25 %.","PeriodicalId":105476,"journal":{"name":"2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117173418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ISESEE.2011.5977109
N. Saadon, H. Yusof
In the future, OPF is believed to be a very precious raw material since it can be a highly demanded commercial products and renewable energy. Due to this, effective drying method needs to be determined so that the fronds, which currently are left scattering to rotten in most of the oil palm plantations in Malaysia, are not abundantly wasted and they can be dried as to sustain their quality. Therefore, this research investigated the effects of two significant air drying conditions, which are temperature and air velocity, on the drying kinetics of OPF. The experiment used stirred fluidized bed dryer as an alternative to the existing drying methods since it has been proven to be efficient. Different temperatures, which are 60°C, 70°C and 90°C, and the air velocities of 1.45 ms−1 and 1.85 ms−1, were chosen in the experiment. The findings show that the higher the temperature, the shorter the drying time. Furthermore, the air velocity is only significantly effective to the drying rate when the operating air temperature is high.
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