Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12968/coan.2023.0023.2
Claire Hargrave
As veterinary understanding of factors that can initiate separation-related problems has developed, so has the realisation that the range of separation-related behaviours expected to be associated with the condition has expanded. Concurrently, there has been an increased understanding that hyper-attachment may not be necessary for a separation-related problem to occur. This article, the second in a series that considers the veterinary profession's current understanding of separation-related problems, considers the range of associated separation-related behaviours. In addition, the article explores the potential role of owner behaviour, pain and learning in the development and maintenance of separation-related problems. A third article will consider the emotional systems involved during separation-related problems and the necessity for recognition of their role.
{"title":"Separation-related problems part 2: owner absence, learning and pain","authors":"Claire Hargrave","doi":"10.12968/coan.2023.0023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.0023.2","url":null,"abstract":"As veterinary understanding of factors that can initiate separation-related problems has developed, so has the realisation that the range of separation-related behaviours expected to be associated with the condition has expanded. Concurrently, there has been an increased understanding that hyper-attachment may not be necessary for a separation-related problem to occur. This article, the second in a series that considers the veterinary profession's current understanding of separation-related problems, considers the range of associated separation-related behaviours. In addition, the article explores the potential role of owner behaviour, pain and learning in the development and maintenance of separation-related problems. A third article will consider the emotional systems involved during separation-related problems and the necessity for recognition of their role.","PeriodicalId":10606,"journal":{"name":"Companion Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tremor syndromes in dogs and cats might include tremors and twitches. Tremors are movement disorders that resemble involuntary rhythmic oscillatory sinusoidal movements of a body part. Twitches are caused by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability and they have variable frequency and amplitude. When twitches are manifested as generalised fasciculations they can mimic tremors. Tremors and twitches are common presenting complaints of dogs and cats in daily veterinary practice, and the clinician should be aware of them and their most common underlying aetiologies. Thorough tremor and twitch assessment is imperative to help the clinician come to a more specific conclusion regarding the nature and origin of these clinical signs. History, occurrence, localisation, direction, distractibility, intentionality, observation of tremor during stances, weight-bearing lifting test, auscultation and palpation of the trembling part and conscious electromyography are important parts of a thorough clinical assessment of tremors and twitches. Further studies are necessary to better characterise yet unknown tremor syndromes in dogs and cats.
{"title":"Tremor syndromes in dogs and cats: an update","authors":"Theofanis Liatis, Steven De Decker","doi":"10.12968/coan.2023.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Tremor syndromes in dogs and cats might include tremors and twitches. Tremors are movement disorders that resemble involuntary rhythmic oscillatory sinusoidal movements of a body part. Twitches are caused by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability and they have variable frequency and amplitude. When twitches are manifested as generalised fasciculations they can mimic tremors. Tremors and twitches are common presenting complaints of dogs and cats in daily veterinary practice, and the clinician should be aware of them and their most common underlying aetiologies. Thorough tremor and twitch assessment is imperative to help the clinician come to a more specific conclusion regarding the nature and origin of these clinical signs. History, occurrence, localisation, direction, distractibility, intentionality, observation of tremor during stances, weight-bearing lifting test, auscultation and palpation of the trembling part and conscious electromyography are important parts of a thorough clinical assessment of tremors and twitches. Further studies are necessary to better characterise yet unknown tremor syndromes in dogs and cats.","PeriodicalId":10606,"journal":{"name":"Companion Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feline urolithiasis affecting the lower urinary tract is a common presentation and urolithiasis affecting the upper urinary tract is increasingly recognised. The clinical presentation of cats with upper and lower urinary tract uroliths can be variable, ranging from an incidental finding through to cats with obstructive disease requiring emergency management. When evaluating a cat where there is concern for urolithiasis, a comprehensive evaluation of the entire urinary tract is important to ensure that the full stone burden is identified and can be considered in urolith management strategies. A combination of information from signalment, urinalysis and radiographic appearance is frequently useful to identify the most likely urolith type in advance of any treatment. Careful clinical assessment for other risk factors for urolith formation and concurrent disease is also important as part of urolith prevention in the future.
{"title":"Clinical presentation of feline urolithiasis and associated diagnostic testing","authors":"Rosanne E. Jepson","doi":"10.12968/coan.2023.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Feline urolithiasis affecting the lower urinary tract is a common presentation and urolithiasis affecting the upper urinary tract is increasingly recognised. The clinical presentation of cats with upper and lower urinary tract uroliths can be variable, ranging from an incidental finding through to cats with obstructive disease requiring emergency management. When evaluating a cat where there is concern for urolithiasis, a comprehensive evaluation of the entire urinary tract is important to ensure that the full stone burden is identified and can be considered in urolith management strategies. A combination of information from signalment, urinalysis and radiographic appearance is frequently useful to identify the most likely urolith type in advance of any treatment. Careful clinical assessment for other risk factors for urolith formation and concurrent disease is also important as part of urolith prevention in the future.","PeriodicalId":10606,"journal":{"name":"Companion Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Members of the veterinary profession will have noticed the demise of the term ‘separation anxiety’, along with the previous assumption that all canine separation problems boil down to an excessive intensity of the human-canine bond. A range of replacement terms for separation anxiety have materialised: ‘separation disorder’, ‘separation syndrome’, ‘separation-related problems’ and ‘separation-related behaviours’ are just some, all of which are now regularly used to replace the term ‘separation anxiety’. This article produces a summary of the profession's current understanding of the issues associated with owner absence-related problems in dogs. Further articles will consider options for behavioural modification to support the needs of dogs whilst owners are absent.
{"title":"Canine separation–related problem behaviours – part 1: social living and owner absence","authors":"C. Hargrave","doi":"10.12968/coan.2023.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the veterinary profession will have noticed the demise of the term ‘separation anxiety’, along with the previous assumption that all canine separation problems boil down to an excessive intensity of the human-canine bond. A range of replacement terms for separation anxiety have materialised: ‘separation disorder’, ‘separation syndrome’, ‘separation-related problems’ and ‘separation-related behaviours’ are just some, all of which are now regularly used to replace the term ‘separation anxiety’. This article produces a summary of the profession's current understanding of the issues associated with owner absence-related problems in dogs. Further articles will consider options for behavioural modification to support the needs of dogs whilst owners are absent.","PeriodicalId":10606,"journal":{"name":"Companion Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86605769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/coan.2023.28.07.02
Ian Wright
Increasing numbers of imported rescue cats and dogs have been seen over the past few years with an associated risk of exotic pathogens entering the UK. This article provides an update on the parasitic infections seen in UK cats and dogs, as a result of changes in climate, habitat and movement of pets.
{"title":"Parasite roundup for 2023","authors":"Ian Wright","doi":"10.12968/coan.2023.28.07.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.28.07.02","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing numbers of imported rescue cats and dogs have been seen over the past few years with an associated risk of exotic pathogens entering the UK. This article provides an update on the parasitic infections seen in UK cats and dogs, as a result of changes in climate, habitat and movement of pets.","PeriodicalId":10606,"journal":{"name":"Companion Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134948599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/coan.2023.28.9.116
Hany Elsheikha
This workshop discussed the wide range of parasites that can infect cats and/or dogs, looked at routes of transmission, diagnosis and, most importantly, methods of treatment and control.
本次研讨会讨论了可感染猫和/或狗的各种寄生虫，研究了传播途径、诊断以及最重要的治疗和控制方法。
{"title":"Parasites in cats and dogs","authors":"Hany Elsheikha","doi":"10.12968/coan.2023.28.9.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.28.9.116","url":null,"abstract":"This workshop discussed the wide range of parasites that can infect cats and/or dogs, looked at routes of transmission, diagnosis and, most importantly, methods of treatment and control.","PeriodicalId":10606,"journal":{"name":"Companion Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134949879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 9-month-old, female, cross-breed dog was presented for management of a left-sided, traumatic, closed, comminuted scapula fracture that had occurred 8 days prior to presentation. Following a computed tomography scan, the fracture was stabilised via open reduction and internal fixation with a 2.7 mm 12-hole locking compression plate (DePuy Synthes, West Chester, PA) along the cranial aspect of the scapular spine. Intraoperatively, a gap was opening along the fracture line on the caudal aspect of the scapular body during shoulder extension, likely due to the large muscular distraction forces. A 2.7 mm 6-hole semitubular plate was placed on the caudal aspect of the lateral body of the scapula and secured using four cortical screws, which successfully prevented gap formation. At the time of discharge, the dog was able to bear weight on the operated left thoracic limb with a moderate lameness. At 9 weeks postoperatively, a computed tomography scan showed complete healing of the scapula fracture. At 1 year postoperatively, her owner reports no signs of lameness, stiffness or pain. In this case, dual-plate fixation allowed early return to weight bearing, successful healing by 9 weeks postoperatively and return to full function at 1 year postoperatively.
我们介绍了一只9个月大的雌性杂交犬，治疗在就诊前8天发生的左侧创伤性闭合性粉碎性肩胛骨骨折。在计算机断层扫描后，骨折通过切开复位和2.7 mm 12孔锁定加压钢板(DePuy Synthes, West Chester, PA)沿肩胛骨颅面内固定进行稳定。术中，肩胛骨体尾侧伸展时沿骨折线出现间隙，可能是由于巨大的肌肉牵张力所致。在肩胛骨外侧体的尾侧放置2.7 mm 6孔半管钢板，并使用4枚皮质螺钉固定，成功防止间隙形成。出院时，狗能承受手术左胸肢的重量，伴有中度跛行。术后9周，计算机断层扫描显示肩胛骨骨折完全愈合。术后1年，她的主人报告没有跛行、僵硬或疼痛的迹象。在本例中，双钢板固定使患者早期恢复负重，术后9周成功愈合，并于术后1年恢复全部功能。
{"title":"Successful use of dual-plate fixation to treat a canine comminuted scapula fracture","authors":"Jeremiah Mccarthy","doi":"10.12968/coan.2023.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.0029","url":null,"abstract":"A 9-month-old, female, cross-breed dog was presented for management of a left-sided, traumatic, closed, comminuted scapula fracture that had occurred 8 days prior to presentation. Following a computed tomography scan, the fracture was stabilised via open reduction and internal fixation with a 2.7 mm 12-hole locking compression plate (DePuy Synthes, West Chester, PA) along the cranial aspect of the scapular spine. Intraoperatively, a gap was opening along the fracture line on the caudal aspect of the scapular body during shoulder extension, likely due to the large muscular distraction forces. A 2.7 mm 6-hole semitubular plate was placed on the caudal aspect of the lateral body of the scapula and secured using four cortical screws, which successfully prevented gap formation. At the time of discharge, the dog was able to bear weight on the operated left thoracic limb with a moderate lameness. At 9 weeks postoperatively, a computed tomography scan showed complete healing of the scapula fracture. At 1 year postoperatively, her owner reports no signs of lameness, stiffness or pain. In this case, dual-plate fixation allowed early return to weight bearing, successful healing by 9 weeks postoperatively and return to full function at 1 year postoperatively.","PeriodicalId":10606,"journal":{"name":"Companion Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81907333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parasites such as skin flukes and gill flukes can be a problem for koi carp owners – particularly hobbyists – for a number of reasons. Although they can theoretically be treated with one application of medication, factors such as water quality, drug resistance and degradation of medications can make these parasites more diffcult to eradicate. Acetic acid can be used as a method of killing ectoparasites on fish, though traditionally this is performed by dipping the fish into the acid, not as a prolonged immersion. This case report concerns a hobbyists pond with a long-term skin fluke infestation and the treatment of the infestation by using household vinegar to acidify the water over a prolonged period.
{"title":"A novel approach using vinegar to eradicate recalcitrant skin flukes in koi fish: a case report","authors":"R. Loh","doi":"10.12968/coan.2023.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Parasites such as skin flukes and gill flukes can be a problem for koi carp owners – particularly hobbyists – for a number of reasons. Although they can theoretically be treated with one application of medication, factors such as water quality, drug resistance and degradation of medications can make these parasites more diffcult to eradicate. Acetic acid can be used as a method of killing ectoparasites on fish, though traditionally this is performed by dipping the fish into the acid, not as a prolonged immersion. This case report concerns a hobbyists pond with a long-term skin fluke infestation and the treatment of the infestation by using household vinegar to acidify the water over a prolonged period.","PeriodicalId":10606,"journal":{"name":"Companion Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78475174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ophthalmic problems are common and often challenging presentations in veterinary practice, and although they rarely result in death, they can lead to serious quality of life issues including chronic pain and loss of vision. Three recent papers discuss ophthalmological conditions and their treatments in dogs.
{"title":"Small Animal Review","authors":"Alex Gough","doi":"10.12968/coan.2023.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Ophthalmic problems are common and often challenging presentations in veterinary practice, and although they rarely result in death, they can lead to serious quality of life issues including chronic pain and loss of vision. Three recent papers discuss ophthalmological conditions and their treatments in dogs.","PeriodicalId":10606,"journal":{"name":"Companion Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134949880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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