The legal framework for the protection against the radon in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: BiH) is outdated. It covers the works involved in the practices with ionizing sources but does not clearly defines the activities which could involve NORM. The protection against the radon exposure goes beyond the radiation protection field, since it includes the building codes, the legal framework on air quality, and many other relevant legislations in BiH which now do not include the recommendation on protection against radon. As the BiH is a member of the International atomic energy agency (hereinafter: IAEA) and potential candidate for European union (hereinafter: EU) membership, activities of the State regulatory agency for radiation and nuclear safety (hereinafter: SRARNS), include activities on improvement and extension of the legal framework for protection against the radon exposure, which means the creation of new Regulation on monitoring of radioactivity in BiH. The most important activity concerning 222Rn matter is the national technical cooperation project with the IAEA TC for the cycle 2020-2021. Through this project BiH will gather first comprehensive measurements of the radon concentration from the whole territory in systematic way. The result of this project will help to create a first versions of the database and map radon concentration. The working group, made of the representatives of the relevant institutions, will have to decide which following steps BiH’s government will need to do to enable its citizens healthier living and working environment when it comes to the protection against the radon exposure.
{"title":"ACTIVITIES ON THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION AGAINST THE RADON IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA","authors":"Maida Isović","doi":"10.7251/comen2001058i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen2001058i","url":null,"abstract":"The legal framework for the protection against the radon in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: BiH) is outdated. It covers the works involved in the practices with ionizing sources but does not clearly defines the activities which could involve NORM. The protection against the radon exposure goes beyond the radiation protection field, since it includes the building codes, the legal framework on air quality, and many other relevant legislations in BiH which now do not include the recommendation on protection against radon. As the BiH is a member of the International atomic energy agency (hereinafter: IAEA) and potential candidate for European union (hereinafter: EU) membership, activities of the State regulatory agency for radiation and nuclear safety (hereinafter: SRARNS), include activities on improvement and extension of the legal framework for protection against the radon exposure, which means the creation of new Regulation on monitoring of radioactivity in BiH. The most important activity concerning 222Rn matter is the national technical cooperation project with the IAEA TC for the cycle 2020-2021. Through this project BiH will gather first comprehensive measurements of the radon concentration from the whole territory in systematic way. The result of this project will help to create a first versions of the database and map radon concentration. The working group, made of the representatives of the relevant institutions, will have to decide which following steps BiH’s government will need to do to enable its citizens healthier living and working environment when it comes to the protection against the radon exposure.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80246504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of research carried out in companies engaged in the production and distribution of bakery products, which relate to the advantages, disadvantages and costs of implementing the system for quality and food safety management. In focused companies, a quality and food safety management system has been applied, which, after development, has been certified by independent certification bodies. The methodology for collecting data using the Google questionnaire that was created and through which the data from the surveyed companies was obtained. The highest initial costs during the introduction of quality and food safety management systems relate to the elucidation of infrastructure deficiencies (66.6% of surveyed enterprises) and consulting services (33.3% of surveyed enterprises). A key advantage of establishing a company's quality management system is to improve document management and product quality improvement (4.55). The applied quality management systems and food safety systems offer companies numerous advantages, savings in business and represent a model by which applications and other companies can improve their own performance. Determining system efficiency methodologically using google questionnaires is a very simple and useful tool that can be used for similar research with minimal knowledge of online programming techniques.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF GOOGLE SOLUTIONS FOR EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY AND COST OF APPLICATION QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM","authors":"B. Novaković, I. Grujić","doi":"10.7251/comen1902190n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen1902190n","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of research carried out in companies engaged in the production and distribution of bakery products, which relate to the advantages, disadvantages and costs of implementing the system for quality and food safety management. In focused companies, a quality and food safety management system has been applied, which, after development, has been certified by independent certification bodies. The methodology for collecting data using the Google questionnaire that was created and through which the data from the surveyed companies was obtained. The highest initial costs during the introduction of quality and food safety management systems relate to the elucidation of infrastructure deficiencies (66.6% of surveyed enterprises) and consulting services (33.3% of surveyed enterprises). A key advantage of establishing a company's quality management system is to improve document management and product quality improvement (4.55). The applied quality management systems and food safety systems offer companies numerous advantages, savings in business and represent a model by which applications and other companies can improve their own performance. Determining system efficiency methodologically using google questionnaires is a very simple and useful tool that can be used for similar research with minimal knowledge of online programming techniques.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77174916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy demonstrated high percentages of accuracy in biological sample classification, namely cervical, oral and colon samples. It enables detection of abnormal tissue and cells, and thus can be used as a diagnostic tool in screening programs. Papanicolaou smears and liquid based cytology samples were analysed in previous studies on cervical cancer detection by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy and it was shown that this method can diferentiate normal healthy tissue from the cancer tissue. So far, only binary classification of the cervical samples was performed based on optomagnetic spectra of the samples. In this paper, classification of the Papanicolaou smears into four groups (II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou groups) was tested with the Random Forest classification model that demonstrated interclass sensitivity of 49.25%, 58.97%, 50%, 44.44% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively, and specificity of 65.26%, 54.76%, 98.70% and 98.69% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively.
{"title":"NEW APPROACH TO DETECTION OF ABNORMAL CERVICAL CELLS","authors":"B. Jeftic, L. Matija, Đ. Koruga","doi":"10.7251/comen1902132j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen1902132j","url":null,"abstract":"Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy demonstrated high percentages of accuracy in biological sample classification, namely cervical, oral and colon samples. It enables detection of abnormal tissue and cells, and thus can be used as a diagnostic tool in screening programs. Papanicolaou smears and liquid based cytology samples were analysed in previous studies on cervical cancer detection by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy and it was shown that this method can diferentiate normal healthy tissue from the cancer tissue. So far, only binary classification of the cervical samples was performed based on optomagnetic spectra of the samples. In this paper, classification of the Papanicolaou smears into four groups (II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou groups) was tested with the Random Forest classification model that demonstrated interclass sensitivity of 49.25%, 58.97%, 50%, 44.44% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively, and specificity of 65.26%, 54.76%, 98.70% and 98.69% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75500638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intensity of changes during the freezing storage of frozen foods, depends on several factors. Changes of foods during freezing and thawing can be rapidly determined by scanning calorimetry (DSC). The aim of this study was to test the influence of scanning rate on the thermal properties of previously heat-treated food products (boiled apple), using the differential scanning calorimetry method. By increasing the scanning rate, significant changes (p0.05) Tcon from -14,20 °C (rate 5 °C/min) to -15.57 °C (rate 15 °C/min) and Tcend (from -17.53 °C to -22.90 °C) were determined, and ΔTc increased from 3.33 °C to 7.33 °C. At the same time, the width of the melting temperature interval (ΔTm) increased from 7.80 °C to 12.87 °C. The glass transition temperature (Tgmid) ranged from -7.15 °C (rate 5 °C/min) to -6.60 °C (rate 15 °C/min). Based on the obtained results, it was found that the scanning rate during the DSC determination statistically significantly (p0.05) influenced the measured values of the thermal properties of the tested heat-treated apple samples.
{"title":"THERMAL ANALYSIS OF FOOD PRODUCTS USING DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC)","authors":"R. Grujić, D. Savanović","doi":"10.7251/comen1902175g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen1902175g","url":null,"abstract":"Intensity of changes during the freezing storage of frozen foods, depends on several factors. Changes of foods during freezing and thawing can be rapidly determined by scanning calorimetry (DSC). The aim of this study was to test the influence of scanning rate on the thermal properties of previously heat-treated food products (boiled apple), using the differential scanning calorimetry method. By increasing the scanning rate, significant changes (p0.05) Tcon from -14,20 °C (rate 5 °C/min) to -15.57 °C (rate 15 °C/min) and Tcend (from -17.53 °C to -22.90 °C) were determined, and ΔTc increased from 3.33 °C to 7.33 °C. At the same time, the width of the melting temperature interval (ΔTm) increased from 7.80 °C to 12.87 °C. The glass transition temperature (Tgmid) ranged from -7.15 °C (rate 5 °C/min) to -6.60 °C (rate 15 °C/min). Based on the obtained results, it was found that the scanning rate during the DSC determination statistically significantly (p0.05) influenced the measured values of the thermal properties of the tested heat-treated apple samples.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77558226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Mirjanić, T. Pavlovic, I. Radonjić, Darko Divnić
The paper provides basic information on fixed (stationary), one-axis tracking and dual-axis tracking PV solar power plants. In this regard, a schematic overview of the PV solar power plant and basic information on its components (solar modules, inverters, monitoring system, etc.) are given. The following is a description of the fixed, one-tracking and dual-tracking PV solar power plant and their energy efficiency. Finally, measured results of power and temperature of fixed and dual-axis tracking solar modules of 50 W are presented.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF FIXED AND TRACKING PV SOLAR POWER PLANTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY","authors":"D. Mirjanić, T. Pavlovic, I. Radonjić, Darko Divnić","doi":"10.7251/comen1902145p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen1902145p","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides basic information on fixed (stationary), one-axis tracking and dual-axis tracking PV solar power plants. In this regard, a schematic overview of the PV solar power plant and basic information on its components (solar modules, inverters, monitoring system, etc.) are given. The following is a description of the fixed, one-tracking and dual-tracking PV solar power plant and their energy efficiency. Finally, measured results of power and temperature of fixed and dual-axis tracking solar modules of 50 W are presented.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79053613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Radonjić, T. Pavlovic, D. Mirjanić, Darko Divnić
This paper deals with the influence of solar modules soiling on their energy efficiency. Soiling is the term used to describe the deposition of dust on solar modules. Dust, most often contains organic minerals and particles which result from the burning of fossil fuels, etc. In research studies investigating the influence of dust on the solar modules efficiency in the world, in the Solar Energy Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics in Nis, and in the Solar Energy Laboratory at the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of Srpska, it was concluded that all types of dust negatively affect the energy efficiency of solar modules, with ash, limestone (calcium carbonate), red soil and sand (silicon dioxide) having the greatest impact.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF SOLAR MODULES SOILING ON THEIR ENERGY EFFICIENCY","authors":"I. Radonjić, T. Pavlovic, D. Mirjanić, Darko Divnić","doi":"10.7251/comen1902152r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen1902152r","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the influence of solar modules soiling on their energy efficiency. Soiling is the term used to describe the deposition of dust on solar modules. Dust, most often contains organic minerals and particles which result from the burning of fossil fuels, etc. In research studies investigating the influence of dust on the solar modules efficiency in the world, in the Solar Energy Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics in Nis, and in the Solar Energy Laboratory at the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of Srpska, it was concluded that all types of dust negatively affect the energy efficiency of solar modules, with ash, limestone (calcium carbonate), red soil and sand (silicon dioxide) having the greatest impact.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74214756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing demand for using renewable energy resources is strongly emphasized during the last decades. On the international level it is recognized through a series of conventions, conclusions and recommendations. Forests are energy source through conversion of wood biomass into solid, fluent and gaseous fuels for industrial and household use. Wood chips is a form of biomass, size of 5-50 mm, which is obtained by chipping of lower quality logs, trees, brushwood and wood residues. Some investigation showed that choosing the right chipper is crucial in a projection of chipping system. In this study, chipping at the landing site was compared with the Jenz HEM 700 and Pezzolato PTH 1300/1500 chippers. The subject of chipping was beech long fuelwood and stacked fuelwood. The investigation was done with the time and work-study method. Cost calculation was performed according to FAO methodology, slightly modified for local conditions. Also, in simulations, Jenz HEM 561 DQ was included in order to cover a wider range of chippers by the capacity, but data for this chipper were undertaken from other research. Unit costs of chipping were calculated on the basis of raw material input and chipper output. Unit costs were expressed for factory projected chippers productivity also, in order to compare obtained unit costs with costs when chippers are working below full capacity. Results of the productivity and cost calculation of chippers showed that bigger chippers had lower unit costs, but because of inability to achieve full capacity at the forest landing site and because of their dimensions which hinder the manipulation, it can be recommended using of chippers of smaller capacity like Jenz HEM 561 DQ or even smaller.
在过去的几十年里，人们强烈强调使用可再生能源的需求日益增加。在国际一级，它通过一系列公约、结论和建议得到承认。森林通过将木材生物质转化为供工业和家庭使用的固体、流动和气体燃料而成为能源来源。木屑是生物质的一种形式，大小为5-50毫米，通过切碎低质量的原木、树木、灌木和木材残留物获得。一些调查表明，在一个芯片系统的投影中，选择合适的芯片至关重要。在本研究中，着陆点的切屑与Jenz HEM 700和Pezzolato PTH 1300/1500切屑机进行了比较。削片的主题是山毛榉长薪材和叠薪材。调查采用时间和勤工俭学的方法进行。费用计算是根据粮农组织的方法进行的，并根据当地情况稍作修改。此外，在模拟中，为了覆盖更广泛的芯片容量，包括Jenz HEM 561 DQ，但该芯片的数据是从其他研究中进行的。切屑单位成本是根据原料投入和切屑产量计算的。单位成本也表示了工厂预计的削片机生产率，以便将获得的单位成本与削片机低于满负荷工作时的成本进行比较。切屑机的生产率和成本计算结果表明，较大的切屑机单位成本较低，但由于在森林着落点无法达到满负荷，且由于其尺寸的限制，影响操作，建议使用Jenz HEM 561 DQ等较小容量的切屑机，甚至更小的切屑机。
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF WOOD ENERGY BY CHIPPING","authors":"D. Marčeta, V. Petković, Gordana Globočki Lakić","doi":"10.7251/comen1902159m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen1902159m","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing demand for using renewable energy resources is strongly emphasized during the last decades. On the international level it is recognized through a series of conventions, conclusions and recommendations. Forests are energy source through conversion of wood biomass into solid, fluent and gaseous fuels for industrial and household use. Wood chips is a form of biomass, size of 5-50 mm, which is obtained by chipping of lower quality logs, trees, brushwood and wood residues. Some investigation showed that choosing the right chipper is crucial in a projection of chipping system. In this study, chipping at the landing site was compared with the Jenz HEM 700 and Pezzolato PTH 1300/1500 chippers. The subject of chipping was beech long fuelwood and stacked fuelwood. The investigation was done with the time and work-study method. Cost calculation was performed according to FAO methodology, slightly modified for local conditions. Also, in simulations, Jenz HEM 561 DQ was included in order to cover a wider range of chippers by the capacity, but data for this chipper were undertaken from other research. Unit costs of chipping were calculated on the basis of raw material input and chipper output. Unit costs were expressed for factory projected chippers productivity also, in order to compare obtained unit costs with costs when chippers are working below full capacity. Results of the productivity and cost calculation of chippers showed that bigger chippers had lower unit costs, but because of inability to achieve full capacity at the forest landing site and because of their dimensions which hinder the manipulation, it can be recommended using of chippers of smaller capacity like Jenz HEM 561 DQ or even smaller.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88917343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents technical and economic data on the development of photovoltaic electricity in Bulgaria over the last 10 years. The mix of different types of conventional and renewable energy sources in the country's electricity system is shown. The changes in the installed photovoltaic capacities and the price of electricity generated by them for the studied period are shown in tabular and graphical form. The number of photovoltaic power plants and their distribution by groups of individual powers are given. Brief technical and economic data for some of the largest photovoltaic power plants in Bulgaria are provided. Data analysis shows a short period of rapid development of highcapacity photovoltaic power plants construction after the introduction of high feed-in tariff for the purchase of photovoltaic electricity, as well as the influence of the installed photovoltaic capacities on the market change of the feed-in tariff over time. Feed-in tariff cost decreases remarkably with the increase of the installed photovoltaic capacity and even shows removal tendency for larger-capacity photovoltaic power plants. Examples of the economic profitability of grid-connected and autonomous photovoltaic systems in Bulgaria are given. The analysis and conclusions of the paper could be useful in determining new government policies and setting new market conditions to promote the development of renewable energy sources in Bulgaria and other countries.
{"title":"TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRICITY IN BULGARIA","authors":"M. Yovchev, Plamen Tsenkov Tsankov","doi":"10.7251/comen1902119t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen1902119t","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents technical and economic data on the development of photovoltaic electricity in Bulgaria over the last 10 years. The mix of different types of conventional and renewable energy sources in the country's electricity system is shown. The changes in the installed photovoltaic capacities and the price of electricity generated by them for the studied period are shown in tabular and graphical form. The number of photovoltaic power plants and their distribution by groups of individual powers are given. Brief technical and economic data for some of the largest photovoltaic power plants in Bulgaria are provided. Data analysis shows a short period of rapid development of highcapacity photovoltaic power plants construction after the introduction of high feed-in tariff for the purchase of photovoltaic electricity, as well as the influence of the installed photovoltaic capacities on the market change of the feed-in tariff over time. Feed-in tariff cost decreases remarkably with the increase of the installed photovoltaic capacity and even shows removal tendency for larger-capacity photovoltaic power plants. Examples of the economic profitability of grid-connected and autonomous photovoltaic systems in Bulgaria are given. The analysis and conclusions of the paper could be useful in determining new government policies and setting new market conditions to promote the development of renewable energy sources in Bulgaria and other countries.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89474852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most perspective available techniques for investigation of the composition, structure and properties of materials, is scanning probe microscopy (SPM), respectively its components scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This technique is used in multidisciplinary research in the field of medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, material science, etc., for study of biological samples, chemical compounds, pharmaceutical products, artificial tissues, implantology materials, and all other materials that have nanotechnological impact on application in these scientific fields. This is because the probes have not perfect size and geometry, which leads to the appearance of artifacts. They are defined as characteristics that appear on the image and are not present on the sample. These effects caused by convolutions between the probe and sample can be corrected to a certain extent by mathematical manipulation of topographic data. The methodology used in this paper is based on algebra of sets, and basic tools of mathematical morphology. Mathematical algorithms for the „blind reconstruction“ of the tip were used, and then in order to detect the parts of the sample surface which is not available in real-time scanning deconvolution was applied. The limit of the real probe tip is calculated from the image, using the morphological limitations inherent in the recording process. The result acuired as an image of the reconstructed surface out of the used images, with the reconstruction of the real tip. The presented results are clear proof of the usability of atomic force microscopy as a technique for imaging of biological materials on nano-level, and the applied algorithms increase the usability of the images in terms of a better conclusion based on precise numerical data taken from the processed images.
{"title":"ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY AS A TOOL FOR TESTING BIOMEDICAL SAMPLES AND ELIMINATION PROBE ARTIFACTS","authors":"L. Petrov, L. Matija","doi":"10.7251/comen1902137p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen1902137p","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most perspective available techniques for investigation of the composition, structure and properties of materials, is scanning probe microscopy (SPM), respectively its components scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This technique is used in multidisciplinary research in the field of medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, material science, etc., for study of biological samples, chemical compounds, pharmaceutical products, artificial tissues, implantology materials, and all other materials that have nanotechnological impact on application in these scientific fields. This is because the probes have not perfect size and geometry, which leads to the appearance of artifacts. They are defined as characteristics that appear on the image and are not present on the sample. These effects caused by convolutions between the probe and sample can be corrected to a certain extent by mathematical manipulation of topographic data. The methodology used in this paper is based on algebra of sets, and basic tools of mathematical morphology. Mathematical algorithms for the „blind reconstruction“ of the tip were used, and then in order to detect the parts of the sample surface which is not available in real-time scanning deconvolution was applied. The limit of the real probe tip is calculated from the image, using the morphological limitations inherent in the recording process. The result acuired as an image of the reconstructed surface out of the used images, with the reconstruction of the real tip. The presented results are clear proof of the usability of atomic force microscopy as a technique for imaging of biological materials on nano-level, and the applied algorithms increase the usability of the images in terms of a better conclusion based on precise numerical data taken from the processed images.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73487120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Janković, S. Paraš, R. Arbutina, Irena Kuzmanović Radman, Tijana Adamović, V. Veselinović, V. Mirjanić
Introduction: Evaluation of microleakage is important for assessing the success of new restorative materials and methods. The aim of this study was to assess the microleakage of class II restorations with different flowable composites as liners and two different polymerization techniques classic and soft start. Materials and Methods: 40 extracted human premolars teeth with class II cavity preparation medial and distal (80 cavities) were divided into four groups: 1.Vertise Flow (VF)+micro hybrid composite Herculite 2.Surefil SDR Flow (SDRF)+micro-hybrid composite Herculite 3.Tetric Flow (TF)+micro-hybrid composite Herculite 4.control group micro-hybrid composite Herculite. Mesial cavities are polymerized with classic and distal cavity with soft start technique of polymerization. After that, the samples were immersed in 0.5% AgNO3 solution and sectioned into the mesiodistal direction. Using a stereomicroscope (Nikon - Japan), with a magnification of 40x, the gingival microleakage of cavities was examined. Data were analyzed using Fisher's and Student's tests. Results: After using the classical polymerization technique, all three used flowable composites VF+Herculite, SDRF+Herculite, TF+Herculite showed less gingival microleakage than the control group. This difference was statistically significant. After the application of the soft-start technique of polymerization, VF+Herculite and SDRF+Hercules showed a statistically significant reduction in gingival microleakage, while TF+Herculite showed a comparable result with control group, without a statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference between classical and soft start polymerization techniques. Conclusion: Flowable composites in this study have reduced gingival microleakage and can be used as liners in the restoration of II class cavities.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL MICROLEAKAGE IN CLASS II COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS: AN IN VITRO STUDY","authors":"O. Janković, S. Paraš, R. Arbutina, Irena Kuzmanović Radman, Tijana Adamović, V. Veselinović, V. Mirjanić","doi":"10.7251/comen1902182j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/comen1902182j","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Evaluation of microleakage is important for assessing the success of new restorative materials and methods. The aim of this study was to assess the microleakage of class II restorations with different flowable composites as liners and two different polymerization techniques classic and soft start. Materials and Methods: 40 extracted human premolars teeth with class II cavity preparation medial and distal (80 cavities) were divided into four groups: 1.Vertise Flow (VF)+micro hybrid composite Herculite 2.Surefil SDR Flow (SDRF)+micro-hybrid composite Herculite 3.Tetric Flow (TF)+micro-hybrid composite Herculite 4.control group micro-hybrid composite Herculite. Mesial cavities are polymerized with classic and distal cavity with soft start technique of polymerization. After that, the samples were immersed in 0.5% AgNO3 solution and sectioned into the mesiodistal direction. Using a stereomicroscope (Nikon - Japan), with a magnification of 40x, the gingival microleakage of cavities was examined. Data were analyzed using Fisher's and Student's tests. Results: After using the classical polymerization technique, all three used flowable composites VF+Herculite, SDRF+Herculite, TF+Herculite showed less gingival microleakage than the control group. This difference was statistically significant. After the application of the soft-start technique of polymerization, VF+Herculite and SDRF+Hercules showed a statistically significant reduction in gingival microleakage, while TF+Herculite showed a comparable result with control group, without a statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference between classical and soft start polymerization techniques. Conclusion: Flowable composites in this study have reduced gingival microleakage and can be used as liners in the restoration of II class cavities.","PeriodicalId":10617,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86308770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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