Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648108
Hassan H. Halawa, R. Daoud, H. Amer, H. Elgebaly
In this paper, the performance of an expanded controller level (1-out-of-3) fault-tolerant Wireless Networked Control System is studied. The system is composed of three identical workcells with zero meter inter-cell separation and is based on the unmodified IEEE 802.11b Wi-Fi standard. The control system is shown to satisfy certain packet end-to-end delay deadline with no loss of control packets. The interference tolerance of the system is then quantified and ongoing performance optimizations are investigated to improve system interference resilience. All simulations were conducted on OPNET Network Modeler and all subsequent results are subjected to a 95% confidence analysis.
{"title":"Performance optimization for reliable wireless networked control systems in the presence of interference","authors":"Hassan H. Halawa, R. Daoud, H. Amer, H. Elgebaly","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648108","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the performance of an expanded controller level (1-out-of-3) fault-tolerant Wireless Networked Control System is studied. The system is composed of three identical workcells with zero meter inter-cell separation and is based on the unmodified IEEE 802.11b Wi-Fi standard. The control system is shown to satisfy certain packet end-to-end delay deadline with no loss of control packets. The interference tolerance of the system is then quantified and ongoing performance optimizations are investigated to improve system interference resilience. All simulations were conducted on OPNET Network Modeler and all subsequent results are subjected to a 95% confidence analysis.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134527634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648167
R. Inam, Joris Slatman, M. Behnam, Mikael Sjödin, Thomas Nolte
In this paper we present our ongoing work on implementing the multi-resource server technology in the Linux operating system running on multi-core architectures. The multi-resource server is used to control the access to both CPU and memory bandwidth resources such that the execution of real-time tasks become predictable. We are targeting Legacy applications to be migrated from single to multi-core architectures. We investigate the available techniques and mechanisms that can support our multi-resource servers and we discuss the potential problems that needed to be tackled considering the requirements of legacy applications.
{"title":"Towards implementing multi-resource server on multi-core Linux platform","authors":"R. Inam, Joris Slatman, M. Behnam, Mikael Sjödin, Thomas Nolte","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648167","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present our ongoing work on implementing the multi-resource server technology in the Linux operating system running on multi-core architectures. The multi-resource server is used to control the access to both CPU and memory bandwidth resources such that the execution of real-time tasks become predictable. We are targeting Legacy applications to be migrated from single to multi-core architectures. We investigate the available techniques and mechanisms that can support our multi-resource servers and we discuss the potential problems that needed to be tackled considering the requirements of legacy applications.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115130498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648163
Raphaela G. F. Lima, G. Leitao, L. A. Guedes, J. Melo, A. Neto
This paper describes an application that was developed for the semantic alarm correlation with the objective of making inferences about alarm correlation. In order to do that we structured the knowledge about industrial processes through the development of a domain ontology, allowing better development of advanced functionality linked to its operation, alarm management, and anomaly diagnosis. The application of semantic alarm correlation was used with a diethanolamine (DEA) treatment unity plant, which is a very important process in the petrochemical processes industry.
{"title":"Semantic alarm correlation based on ontologies","authors":"Raphaela G. F. Lima, G. Leitao, L. A. Guedes, J. Melo, A. Neto","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648163","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an application that was developed for the semantic alarm correlation with the objective of making inferences about alarm correlation. In order to do that we structured the knowledge about industrial processes through the development of a domain ontology, allowing better development of advanced functionality linked to its operation, alarm management, and anomaly diagnosis. The application of semantic alarm correlation was used with a diethanolamine (DEA) treatment unity plant, which is a very important process in the petrochemical processes industry.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114282888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647956
A. Bratukhin, A. Treytl, T. Sauter
Up to now, production systems only concern was to minimize production costs or to optimize the utilization of production resources. But with the increasing energy prices and the growing concern over the environmental impact of production systems (industrial systems consume a quarter of all energy), efficient use of energy in manufacturing environment cannot be ignored any longer. MANUbuilding concept brings together the manufacturing systems requirements with the building automaton concerns over the efficient energy use and develops the local decision making based on dynamically expanding clusters to optimize the energy consumption in a factory.
{"title":"Energy aware manufacturing environments","authors":"A. Bratukhin, A. Treytl, T. Sauter","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647956","url":null,"abstract":"Up to now, production systems only concern was to minimize production costs or to optimize the utilization of production resources. But with the increasing energy prices and the growing concern over the environmental impact of production systems (industrial systems consume a quarter of all energy), efficient use of energy in manufacturing environment cannot be ignored any longer. MANUbuilding concept brings together the manufacturing systems requirements with the building automaton concerns over the efficient energy use and develops the local decision making based on dynamically expanding clusters to optimize the energy consumption in a factory.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116047031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648159
D. Koscielnik, M. Miśkowicz
The paper presents a concept of an event-driven analog-to-digital converter accepting irregular conversion demands with conversion-speed-centric architecture and activity-dependent power consumption. The proposed converter architecture based on a binary-scaled capacitor array uses a technique of event-driven successive charge redistribution and allows overlapping of a conversion of the previous sample and a capture of the next sample. The general condition on proper converter operation is that the consecutive conversion demands have to be spaced at least by the interval equal to the maximum conversion time. In particular, the proposed converter can be used for time-to-digital conversion in the asynchronous Sigma-Delta ADCs. In the paper, the lower bound on charge redistribution rate for a given Sigma-Delta modulation depth is derived.
{"title":"Event-driven analog-to-digital converter with conversion-speed-centric architecture and activity-dependent power consumption","authors":"D. Koscielnik, M. Miśkowicz","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648159","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a concept of an event-driven analog-to-digital converter accepting irregular conversion demands with conversion-speed-centric architecture and activity-dependent power consumption. The proposed converter architecture based on a binary-scaled capacitor array uses a technique of event-driven successive charge redistribution and allows overlapping of a conversion of the previous sample and a capture of the next sample. The general condition on proper converter operation is that the consecutive conversion demands have to be spaced at least by the interval equal to the maximum conversion time. In particular, the proposed converter can be used for time-to-digital conversion in the asynchronous Sigma-Delta ADCs. In the paper, the lower bound on charge redistribution rate for a given Sigma-Delta modulation depth is derived.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116337019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647989
K. Bruton, D. Coakley, P. O'Donovan, M. Keane, D. O’Sullivan
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system energy consumption, on average, accounts for 40% of an industrial site's total energy consumption. Studies have demonstrated that continuous commissioning of building systems for optimum efficiency can yield savings of an average of over 20% of total energy cost. Automated Fault Detection and Diagnosis (AFDD) can be used to assist the commissioning process at multiple stages. This paper outlines the development of an AFDD tool for AHU's using expert rules. It outlines the results of the alpha testing phase of the tool on 18 AHU's across four commercial & industrial sites with over €104,000 annual energy savings detected by the AFDD tool.
{"title":"Results from testing of a “cloud based” automated fault detection and diagnosis tool for AHU's","authors":"K. Bruton, D. Coakley, P. O'Donovan, M. Keane, D. O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647989","url":null,"abstract":"Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system energy consumption, on average, accounts for 40% of an industrial site's total energy consumption. Studies have demonstrated that continuous commissioning of building systems for optimum efficiency can yield savings of an average of over 20% of total energy cost. Automated Fault Detection and Diagnosis (AFDD) can be used to assist the commissioning process at multiple stages. This paper outlines the development of an AFDD tool for AHU's using expert rules. It outlines the results of the alpha testing phase of the tool on 18 AHU's across four commercial & industrial sites with over €104,000 annual energy savings detected by the AFDD tool.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114465533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648088
Ravish Kumar, Apala Ray, Mallikarjun Kande
Over the last decade the wireless technology has gained interest in process automation world due to its cost effectiveness, rapid deployment and flexibility features. However, the deployment of wireless technology in industrial environment demands same integration approach as compared to traditional wired device integration. This is one of the important aspects which is required to be considered for easy acceptance of wireless technology/wireless devices in the industrial domain. This paper outlines the challenges of WirelessHART components integration which should be addressed to have seamless integration, easy maintenance and troubleshooting support in industrial plant. In addition to that we also describe our prototype of WirelessHART components integration approach in industrial host application using Field Device Tool (FDT) framework. Further we also discuss the architecture and features of WirelessHART Gateway Device Type Manager (DTM) that address most of the integration challenges.
{"title":"WirelessHART device integration challenges and solutions in industrial automation","authors":"Ravish Kumar, Apala Ray, Mallikarjun Kande","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648088","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade the wireless technology has gained interest in process automation world due to its cost effectiveness, rapid deployment and flexibility features. However, the deployment of wireless technology in industrial environment demands same integration approach as compared to traditional wired device integration. This is one of the important aspects which is required to be considered for easy acceptance of wireless technology/wireless devices in the industrial domain. This paper outlines the challenges of WirelessHART components integration which should be addressed to have seamless integration, easy maintenance and troubleshooting support in industrial plant. In addition to that we also describe our prototype of WirelessHART components integration approach in industrial host application using Field Device Tool (FDT) framework. Further we also discuss the architecture and features of WirelessHART Gateway Device Type Manager (DTM) that address most of the integration challenges.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128431323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648052
Ana Paula Estrada-Vargas, E. López-Mellado, J. Lesage
This paper deals with black-box identification of discrete event manufacturing systems that are automated using a programmable logic controller (PLC). The behavior of the system is observed during its operation and is represented by a single long sequence w of observed input/output (I/O) signals vectors. The identification method, conceived for addressing large and complex industrial systems, consists of two complementary stages; the first one obtains, from w, the observable part of an interpreted Petri net (PN) model composed of observable places and transitions describing the reactive behavior of the system. Afterwards, w is transformed into a sequence S of transition firings from which a PN model that reproduces S is inferred. This paper focuses on the second stage of the method in which a PN is built by adding non-labeled places and arcs that represent the non-observed behavior of the whole system by assuring the reproduction of w; this technique is based on discovering the causal and concurrent relationships between transitions in S.
{"title":"Identification of partially observable discrete event manufacturing systems","authors":"Ana Paula Estrada-Vargas, E. López-Mellado, J. Lesage","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648052","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with black-box identification of discrete event manufacturing systems that are automated using a programmable logic controller (PLC). The behavior of the system is observed during its operation and is represented by a single long sequence w of observed input/output (I/O) signals vectors. The identification method, conceived for addressing large and complex industrial systems, consists of two complementary stages; the first one obtains, from w, the observable part of an interpreted Petri net (PN) model composed of observable places and transitions describing the reactive behavior of the system. Afterwards, w is transformed into a sequence S of transition firings from which a PN model that reproduces S is inferred. This paper focuses on the second stage of the method in which a PN is built by adding non-labeled places and arcs that represent the non-observed behavior of the whole system by assuring the reproduction of w; this technique is based on discovering the causal and concurrent relationships between transitions in S.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134405564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648046
M. V. D. Heuvel, R. J. Bril, Xiaodi Zhang, Jakaria Abdullah, D. Isovic
Many embedded systems have complex timing constraints and, at the same time, have flexibility requirements which prohibit offline planning of the entire system. To support a mixture of time-triggered and event-triggered tasks, some industrial systems deploy a table-driven dispatcher for time-triggered tasks complemented with a preemptive scheduler to allocate the free time slots to event-driven tasks. Contrary to fully preemptive scheduling, limiting the preemptions of tasks to fixed preemptions points may reduce memory requirements and it alleviates the preemption costs in the system. We revisit slotshifting, which at run time mixes time-triggered and event-triggered tasks in a preemptive EDF schedule. In this paper, we extend slotshifting with limited-preemptive execution of event-triggered tasks. We present a synchronization protocol to arbitrate the executions of non-preemptive regions, so that time-triggered tasks keep meeting their timing constraints implicitly. Furthermore, we investigate how to disable preemptions of event-triggered tasks during the execution of the offline-scheduled time-triggered tasks, while keeping the feature of slotshifting to reallocate their slots of execution dynamically at run time.
{"title":"Limited preemptive scheduling of mixed time-triggered and event-triggered tasks","authors":"M. V. D. Heuvel, R. J. Bril, Xiaodi Zhang, Jakaria Abdullah, D. Isovic","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648046","url":null,"abstract":"Many embedded systems have complex timing constraints and, at the same time, have flexibility requirements which prohibit offline planning of the entire system. To support a mixture of time-triggered and event-triggered tasks, some industrial systems deploy a table-driven dispatcher for time-triggered tasks complemented with a preemptive scheduler to allocate the free time slots to event-driven tasks. Contrary to fully preemptive scheduling, limiting the preemptions of tasks to fixed preemptions points may reduce memory requirements and it alleviates the preemption costs in the system. We revisit slotshifting, which at run time mixes time-triggered and event-triggered tasks in a preemptive EDF schedule. In this paper, we extend slotshifting with limited-preemptive execution of event-triggered tasks. We present a synchronization protocol to arbitrate the executions of non-preemptive regions, so that time-triggered tasks keep meeting their timing constraints implicitly. Furthermore, we investigate how to disable preemptions of event-triggered tasks during the execution of the offline-scheduled time-triggered tasks, while keeping the feature of slotshifting to reallocate their slots of execution dynamically at run time.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"24 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133995989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647985
A. Dębowski, D. Lewandowski, P. Lukasiak
The paper presents a new concept for the traction drive with squirrel-cage induction motor supplied from inverter sourced by high voltage overhead line and working with a reduced switching frequency. A new current - voltage control scheme was proposed for such a drive. This method provides the smooth control variables and combines in one algorithm both a stator current vector oriented control scheme for the exact supervising of the motor torque at the low rotor speed and a scalar control scheme for the appropriate setting of the stator voltage amplitude and its frequency at the high speed. Improved current controller and a new algorithm of reconstruction of the desired stator voltage vector produced by the inverter enabled a significant reduction of the switching frequency.
{"title":"Mixed-loop control of an asynchronous traction drive based on electromagnetic state stimulator concept","authors":"A. Dębowski, D. Lewandowski, P. Lukasiak","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647985","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new concept for the traction drive with squirrel-cage induction motor supplied from inverter sourced by high voltage overhead line and working with a reduced switching frequency. A new current - voltage control scheme was proposed for such a drive. This method provides the smooth control variables and combines in one algorithm both a stator current vector oriented control scheme for the exact supervising of the motor torque at the low rotor speed and a scalar control scheme for the appropriate setting of the stator voltage amplitude and its frequency at the high speed. Improved current controller and a new algorithm of reconstruction of the desired stator voltage vector produced by the inverter enabled a significant reduction of the switching frequency.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"309 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116256569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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