Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647971
W. Herfs, Adam Malik, W. Lohse, K. Fayzullin
Production cells are typically built up of many heterogeneous components which are controlled by a central unit such as a standard programmable logic controller. Engineering of such cell controllers is usually based on an imperative programming paradigm. All possible decision situations are defined manually and coded offline, which is an acceptable method for simple or fixed recurring automation tasks. Implementing complex control and adaptation strategies however leads to disproportionately high engineering efforts, which incur whenever process changes are required. This paper presents a modelbased assembly control concept and a cell control engineering methodology. The concept was validated using a micro-slab laser assembly process within a multi-robot assembly cell.
{"title":"Model-based assembly control concept","authors":"W. Herfs, Adam Malik, W. Lohse, K. Fayzullin","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647971","url":null,"abstract":"Production cells are typically built up of many heterogeneous components which are controlled by a central unit such as a standard programmable logic controller. Engineering of such cell controllers is usually based on an imperative programming paradigm. All possible decision situations are defined manually and coded offline, which is an acceptable method for simple or fixed recurring automation tasks. Implementing complex control and adaptation strategies however leads to disproportionately high engineering efforts, which incur whenever process changes are required. This paper presents a modelbased assembly control concept and a cell control engineering methodology. The concept was validated using a micro-slab laser assembly process within a multi-robot assembly cell.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127318836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648008
H. Sánchez, R. Vilanova
This paper presents the application of the NNC method to the tuning of PI controllers. The main contribution is on the analysis of the tradeoff among different performance indexes as well as the need of considering the robustness as another tradeoff. Robustness has been included during last year's. However, the authors do question if it is needed to include an explicit robustness measure or is better to find its correlation with another performance-like figure of merit. The use of specific compromise criteria to select an unique solution from the Pareto front generates a possibility for tuning a PI control that generates better system outputs than existing tuning methods.
{"title":"Multiobjective tuning of PI controller using the NNC Method: Simplified problem definition and guidelines for decision making","authors":"H. Sánchez, R. Vilanova","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of the NNC method to the tuning of PI controllers. The main contribution is on the analysis of the tradeoff among different performance indexes as well as the need of considering the robustness as another tradeoff. Robustness has been included during last year's. However, the authors do question if it is needed to include an explicit robustness measure or is better to find its correlation with another performance-like figure of merit. The use of specific compromise criteria to select an unique solution from the Pareto front generates a possibility for tuning a PI control that generates better system outputs than existing tuning methods.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130401155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648072
Jérôme Ermont, C. Fraboul
Spacewire is a real-time communication network for use onboard satellites. It has been designed to transmit both payload and control/command data. To guarantee that communications respect the real-time constraints, designers use tools to compute the worst-case end-to-end delays. Among these tools, recursive flow analysis and Network Calculus approaches have been studied. This paper proposes to use the model-checking approach based on timed automata. A case study based on an industrial one is shown. Our approach is compared with recursive flow analysis and Network Calculus.
{"title":"Modeling a spacewire architecture using timed automata to compute worst-case end-to-end delays","authors":"Jérôme Ermont, C. Fraboul","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648072","url":null,"abstract":"Spacewire is a real-time communication network for use onboard satellites. It has been designed to transmit both payload and control/command data. To guarantee that communications respect the real-time constraints, designers use tools to compute the worst-case end-to-end delays. Among these tools, recursive flow analysis and Network Calculus approaches have been studied. This paper proposes to use the model-checking approach based on timed automata. A case study based on an industrial one is shown. Our approach is compared with recursive flow analysis and Network Calculus.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130465074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648025
G. Cena, I. Bertolotti, T. Hu, A. Valenzano
Although the Controller Area Network (CAN) technology is very mature, the behavior of real CAN controllers under marginal operating conditions is still of practical interest as CAN is being deployed in a variety of application domains. In this paper, we propose a test software architecture able to extensively investigate the reaction of a typical CAN controller when subject to various kinds of error and different timing scenarios. Both the analysis technique and the test software use a black-box approach and do not require any modification of, or access to, the internal structure of the controller itself. They are therefore readily applicable with low effort to different hardware. Possible applications include diagnostic and reliability analysis tools for CAN.
{"title":"Software-based assessment of the synchronization and error handling behavior of a real CAN controller","authors":"G. Cena, I. Bertolotti, T. Hu, A. Valenzano","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648025","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Controller Area Network (CAN) technology is very mature, the behavior of real CAN controllers under marginal operating conditions is still of practical interest as CAN is being deployed in a variety of application domains. In this paper, we propose a test software architecture able to extensively investigate the reaction of a typical CAN controller when subject to various kinds of error and different timing scenarios. Both the analysis technique and the test software use a black-box approach and do not require any modification of, or access to, the internal structure of the controller itself. They are therefore readily applicable with low effort to different hardware. Possible applications include diagnostic and reliability analysis tools for CAN.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130724769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647997
J. Peltola, S. Sierla, Pekka Aarnio, K. Koskinen
Model-Based Testing (MBT) is expected to increase test coverage and reduce the development and maintenance effort of test suites. However, MBT approaches require source information such as UML diagrams that are not produced by many companies in the industrial automation domain. This paper investigates the possibility of using IEC 62424 and CAEX to facilitate MBT state machine model building with source information specific to the industrial automation domain. An experiment and industry feedback demonstrated a capability for discovering challenging faults, but also, that the modelling effort needs to be reduced for feasibility. First steps for generating MBT models from CAEX design information are presented in this paper.
{"title":"Industrial evaluation of functional Model-Based Testing for process control applications using CAEX","authors":"J. Peltola, S. Sierla, Pekka Aarnio, K. Koskinen","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647997","url":null,"abstract":"Model-Based Testing (MBT) is expected to increase test coverage and reduce the development and maintenance effort of test suites. However, MBT approaches require source information such as UML diagrams that are not produced by many companies in the industrial automation domain. This paper investigates the possibility of using IEC 62424 and CAEX to facilitate MBT state machine model building with source information specific to the industrial automation domain. An experiment and industry feedback demonstrated a capability for discovering challenging faults, but also, that the modelling effort needs to be reduced for feasibility. First steps for generating MBT models from CAEX design information are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132568785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647974
M. Obst, S. Runde, Gerrit Wolf, L. Urbas
Package units are used to supply production plants with components and auxiliary materials or to assemble final products. They usually come with an automation system that has predefined functions and behavior. The integration of package units in a SCADA or DCS involves considerable manual effort. Various aspects of automation - such as faceplates, states of sequencers, or interlocks - are reproduced manually in the control system for the visualization and management of the package unit. We present potentials and limitations of current and prospective technologies (for example, FDI technology [4]) for the simplified integration of package units in a process control system. This paper also proposes and discusses a concept for simplified integration of package units in control systems.
{"title":"Integration requirements of package units — A description approach with FDI","authors":"M. Obst, S. Runde, Gerrit Wolf, L. Urbas","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647974","url":null,"abstract":"Package units are used to supply production plants with components and auxiliary materials or to assemble final products. They usually come with an automation system that has predefined functions and behavior. The integration of package units in a SCADA or DCS involves considerable manual effort. Various aspects of automation - such as faceplates, states of sequencers, or interlocks - are reproduced manually in the control system for the visualization and management of the package unit. We present potentials and limitations of current and prospective technologies (for example, FDI technology [4]) for the simplified integration of package units in a process control system. This paper also proposes and discusses a concept for simplified integration of package units in control systems.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131903147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648112
Aitor Agirre, Jon Perez, Rafael Priego, M. Marcos, Elisabet Estévez-Estévez
Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE) is being increasingly applied in the distributed embedded systems (DES) domain as long as these systems are getting more and more complex in terms of flexibility, dynamism or heterogeneity. Besides that, safety critical systems must cope with the fulfillment of safety requirements and certification standards. This factor increases considerably the development cost of safety distributed embedded systems, even more if they must cope with flexibility, dynamism and heterogeneity. This paper focuses on the distribution aspects of such systems, and more specifically on safe communication channels for safety critical distributed systems. The proposed approach describes a certifiable general purpose safety communication layer that could be reused in different systems, thereby reducing the cost of system development and certification.
{"title":"SCA extensions to support safety critical distributed embedded systems","authors":"Aitor Agirre, Jon Perez, Rafael Priego, M. Marcos, Elisabet Estévez-Estévez","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648112","url":null,"abstract":"Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE) is being increasingly applied in the distributed embedded systems (DES) domain as long as these systems are getting more and more complex in terms of flexibility, dynamism or heterogeneity. Besides that, safety critical systems must cope with the fulfillment of safety requirements and certification standards. This factor increases considerably the development cost of safety distributed embedded systems, even more if they must cope with flexibility, dynamism and heterogeneity. This paper focuses on the distribution aspects of such systems, and more specifically on safe communication channels for safety critical distributed systems. The proposed approach describes a certifiable general purpose safety communication layer that could be reused in different systems, thereby reducing the cost of system development and certification.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122556370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647990
Yosuke Sakuragi, Takao Sato, N. Araki, Y. Konishi
This paper proposes a new design method for a drum boiler system, which is a benchmark problem for PID control. The boiler is a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with interference, but it is divided into independent single-input single-output (SISO) systems. In the proposed method, interference is considered a disturbance, and a controller is designed for each system. Because the controlled plants are time-varying systems, the control system is adaptively updated based on generalized minimum variance control (GMVC).
{"title":"Self-tuning PI control for a boiler control system","authors":"Yosuke Sakuragi, Takao Sato, N. Araki, Y. Konishi","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647990","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new design method for a drum boiler system, which is a benchmark problem for PID control. The boiler is a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with interference, but it is divided into independent single-input single-output (SISO) systems. In the proposed method, interference is considered a disturbance, and a controller is designed for each system. Because the controlled plants are time-varying systems, the control system is adaptively updated based on generalized minimum variance control (GMVC).","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122707293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647951
J. Tanguy, Jean-Luc Béchennec, M. Briday, Sébastien Dubé, O. Roux
Currently the development of embedded software managing hardware devices that fulfills industrial constraints (safety, real time constraints) is a very complex task. To allow an increased reusability between projects, generic device drivers have been developed in order to be used in a wide range of applications. Usually the level of gener-icity of such drivers require a lot of configuration code, which is often generated. However, a generic driver requires a lot of configuration and need more computing power and more memory needs than a specific driver. This paper presents a more efficient methodology to solve this issue based on a formal modeling of the device and the application. Starting from this modeling, we use well-known game theory techniques to solve the driver model synthesis problem. The resulting model is then translated into the actual driver embedded code with respect to an implementation model. By isolating the model of the device, we allow more reusability and interoperability between devices for a given application, while generating an application-specific driver.
{"title":"Device driver synthesis for embedded systems","authors":"J. Tanguy, Jean-Luc Béchennec, M. Briday, Sébastien Dubé, O. Roux","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647951","url":null,"abstract":"Currently the development of embedded software managing hardware devices that fulfills industrial constraints (safety, real time constraints) is a very complex task. To allow an increased reusability between projects, generic device drivers have been developed in order to be used in a wide range of applications. Usually the level of gener-icity of such drivers require a lot of configuration code, which is often generated. However, a generic driver requires a lot of configuration and need more computing power and more memory needs than a specific driver. This paper presents a more efficient methodology to solve this issue based on a formal modeling of the device and the application. Starting from this modeling, we use well-known game theory techniques to solve the driver model synthesis problem. The resulting model is then translated into the actual driver embedded code with respect to an implementation model. By isolating the model of the device, we allow more reusability and interoperability between devices for a given application, while generating an application-specific driver.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123870713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648071
F. Koumboulis
The general class of linear singular neutral multi delay systems is introduced. The controller is of the general proportional multi delay measurement output feedback type. For the case of regularizable linear singular multi delay systems the design problem of Exact Model Matching (EMM) is solved under the assumption that the ideal model is left invertible. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the problem to admit a realizable controller solution are established and the general solution of the realizable controllers is derived.
{"title":"On the Exact Model Matching of linear singular multi-delay systems via measurement output feedback","authors":"F. Koumboulis","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648071","url":null,"abstract":"The general class of linear singular neutral multi delay systems is introduced. The controller is of the general proportional multi delay measurement output feedback type. For the case of regularizable linear singular multi delay systems the design problem of Exact Model Matching (EMM) is solved under the assumption that the ideal model is left invertible. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the problem to admit a realizable controller solution are established and the general solution of the realizable controllers is derived.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124465351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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