Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647974
M. Obst, S. Runde, Gerrit Wolf, L. Urbas
Package units are used to supply production plants with components and auxiliary materials or to assemble final products. They usually come with an automation system that has predefined functions and behavior. The integration of package units in a SCADA or DCS involves considerable manual effort. Various aspects of automation - such as faceplates, states of sequencers, or interlocks - are reproduced manually in the control system for the visualization and management of the package unit. We present potentials and limitations of current and prospective technologies (for example, FDI technology [4]) for the simplified integration of package units in a process control system. This paper also proposes and discusses a concept for simplified integration of package units in control systems.
{"title":"Integration requirements of package units — A description approach with FDI","authors":"M. Obst, S. Runde, Gerrit Wolf, L. Urbas","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647974","url":null,"abstract":"Package units are used to supply production plants with components and auxiliary materials or to assemble final products. They usually come with an automation system that has predefined functions and behavior. The integration of package units in a SCADA or DCS involves considerable manual effort. Various aspects of automation - such as faceplates, states of sequencers, or interlocks - are reproduced manually in the control system for the visualization and management of the package unit. We present potentials and limitations of current and prospective technologies (for example, FDI technology [4]) for the simplified integration of package units in a process control system. This paper also proposes and discusses a concept for simplified integration of package units in control systems.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131903147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647997
J. Peltola, S. Sierla, Pekka Aarnio, K. Koskinen
Model-Based Testing (MBT) is expected to increase test coverage and reduce the development and maintenance effort of test suites. However, MBT approaches require source information such as UML diagrams that are not produced by many companies in the industrial automation domain. This paper investigates the possibility of using IEC 62424 and CAEX to facilitate MBT state machine model building with source information specific to the industrial automation domain. An experiment and industry feedback demonstrated a capability for discovering challenging faults, but also, that the modelling effort needs to be reduced for feasibility. First steps for generating MBT models from CAEX design information are presented in this paper.
{"title":"Industrial evaluation of functional Model-Based Testing for process control applications using CAEX","authors":"J. Peltola, S. Sierla, Pekka Aarnio, K. Koskinen","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647997","url":null,"abstract":"Model-Based Testing (MBT) is expected to increase test coverage and reduce the development and maintenance effort of test suites. However, MBT approaches require source information such as UML diagrams that are not produced by many companies in the industrial automation domain. This paper investigates the possibility of using IEC 62424 and CAEX to facilitate MBT state machine model building with source information specific to the industrial automation domain. An experiment and industry feedback demonstrated a capability for discovering challenging faults, but also, that the modelling effort needs to be reduced for feasibility. First steps for generating MBT models from CAEX design information are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132568785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648121
M. Weyrich, M. W. Abdullah
This paper presents a new design concept for spherical-joint supported gripper that can be easily installed on industrial robots. The purpose of this joint design is to increase the flexibility of the robots' movements by adding three additional degrees-of-freedom (d.o.f) in one single compact joint. In doing so, the trajectory can be enhanced or more simple ones be used. In addition, this design does neither require extra links nor modification of industrial robots structures since it is being installed as an end-effector. The theoretical analysis and the model of the spherical-joint gripper will be exemplified by a prototype that was built to study the efficiency of this approach.
{"title":"Concept of a three D.O.F spherical-joint gripper for industrial robots","authors":"M. Weyrich, M. W. Abdullah","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648121","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new design concept for spherical-joint supported gripper that can be easily installed on industrial robots. The purpose of this joint design is to increase the flexibility of the robots' movements by adding three additional degrees-of-freedom (d.o.f) in one single compact joint. In doing so, the trajectory can be enhanced or more simple ones be used. In addition, this design does neither require extra links nor modification of industrial robots structures since it is being installed as an end-effector. The theoretical analysis and the model of the spherical-joint gripper will be exemplified by a prototype that was built to study the efficiency of this approach.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115638594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648064
W. Beer, B. Dorninger, M. Winterer
Visualization software plays a major role in controlling and monitoring production machines and facilities. In recent years these software systems have undergone major changes in terms of flexibility, user interaction and large scale enterprise integration capabilities. While traditional machine control systems tend to operate in isolation, modern industrial software systems are integrated in complex production processes that demand for flexibility and openness, also in terms of dynamic change of functionality at runtime. Despite this increased demand for flexibility, the most important requirement for industrial software systems remains reliability and stable operation. Within this work we present an architectural approach for abstracting industrial application models on top of a dynamic and modular runtime framework (OSGi) and a flexible application platform (Eclipse). This approach allows to add functionality at runtime as well as to adapt the rendering of the UI to various technologies.
{"title":"Flexible and reliable software architecture for industrial user interfaces","authors":"W. Beer, B. Dorninger, M. Winterer","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648064","url":null,"abstract":"Visualization software plays a major role in controlling and monitoring production machines and facilities. In recent years these software systems have undergone major changes in terms of flexibility, user interaction and large scale enterprise integration capabilities. While traditional machine control systems tend to operate in isolation, modern industrial software systems are integrated in complex production processes that demand for flexibility and openness, also in terms of dynamic change of functionality at runtime. Despite this increased demand for flexibility, the most important requirement for industrial software systems remains reliability and stable operation. Within this work we present an architectural approach for abstracting industrial application models on top of a dynamic and modular runtime framework (OSGi) and a flexible application platform (Eclipse). This approach allows to add functionality at runtime as well as to adapt the rendering of the UI to various technologies.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"896 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123253425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648135
Jeffrey Yan, Cheng Pang, Chen-Wei Yang, V. Vyatkin
This paper presents a visualization architecture to facilitate automated design for distributed automation applications. CAD is used as a source of software models as it was found to provide detailed physical information, particularly for visualization. The approach assumes a fully distributed control architecture, with each system component functionally encapsulated into IEC 61499 Function Block. A baggage handling system is used as a running example throughout this work. Simulation models of the plant were executed in closed-loop with controllers. A corresponding 3D visualization was generated and parameterized based on CAD drawing, then linked to the simulation for a live view of the plant model.
{"title":"Towards automated visualization for distributed automation applications","authors":"Jeffrey Yan, Cheng Pang, Chen-Wei Yang, V. Vyatkin","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648135","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a visualization architecture to facilitate automated design for distributed automation applications. CAD is used as a source of software models as it was found to provide detailed physical information, particularly for visualization. The approach assumes a fully distributed control architecture, with each system component functionally encapsulated into IEC 61499 Function Block. A baggage handling system is used as a running example throughout this work. Simulation models of the plant were executed in closed-loop with controllers. A corresponding 3D visualization was generated and parameterized based on CAD drawing, then linked to the simulation for a live view of the plant model.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129049638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648025
G. Cena, I. Bertolotti, T. Hu, A. Valenzano
Although the Controller Area Network (CAN) technology is very mature, the behavior of real CAN controllers under marginal operating conditions is still of practical interest as CAN is being deployed in a variety of application domains. In this paper, we propose a test software architecture able to extensively investigate the reaction of a typical CAN controller when subject to various kinds of error and different timing scenarios. Both the analysis technique and the test software use a black-box approach and do not require any modification of, or access to, the internal structure of the controller itself. They are therefore readily applicable with low effort to different hardware. Possible applications include diagnostic and reliability analysis tools for CAN.
{"title":"Software-based assessment of the synchronization and error handling behavior of a real CAN controller","authors":"G. Cena, I. Bertolotti, T. Hu, A. Valenzano","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648025","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Controller Area Network (CAN) technology is very mature, the behavior of real CAN controllers under marginal operating conditions is still of practical interest as CAN is being deployed in a variety of application domains. In this paper, we propose a test software architecture able to extensively investigate the reaction of a typical CAN controller when subject to various kinds of error and different timing scenarios. Both the analysis technique and the test software use a black-box approach and do not require any modification of, or access to, the internal structure of the controller itself. They are therefore readily applicable with low effort to different hardware. Possible applications include diagnostic and reliability analysis tools for CAN.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130724769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648008
H. Sánchez, R. Vilanova
This paper presents the application of the NNC method to the tuning of PI controllers. The main contribution is on the analysis of the tradeoff among different performance indexes as well as the need of considering the robustness as another tradeoff. Robustness has been included during last year's. However, the authors do question if it is needed to include an explicit robustness measure or is better to find its correlation with another performance-like figure of merit. The use of specific compromise criteria to select an unique solution from the Pareto front generates a possibility for tuning a PI control that generates better system outputs than existing tuning methods.
{"title":"Multiobjective tuning of PI controller using the NNC Method: Simplified problem definition and guidelines for decision making","authors":"H. Sánchez, R. Vilanova","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of the NNC method to the tuning of PI controllers. The main contribution is on the analysis of the tradeoff among different performance indexes as well as the need of considering the robustness as another tradeoff. Robustness has been included during last year's. However, the authors do question if it is needed to include an explicit robustness measure or is better to find its correlation with another performance-like figure of merit. The use of specific compromise criteria to select an unique solution from the Pareto front generates a possibility for tuning a PI control that generates better system outputs than existing tuning methods.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130401155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648072
Jérôme Ermont, C. Fraboul
Spacewire is a real-time communication network for use onboard satellites. It has been designed to transmit both payload and control/command data. To guarantee that communications respect the real-time constraints, designers use tools to compute the worst-case end-to-end delays. Among these tools, recursive flow analysis and Network Calculus approaches have been studied. This paper proposes to use the model-checking approach based on timed automata. A case study based on an industrial one is shown. Our approach is compared with recursive flow analysis and Network Calculus.
{"title":"Modeling a spacewire architecture using timed automata to compute worst-case end-to-end delays","authors":"Jérôme Ermont, C. Fraboul","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648072","url":null,"abstract":"Spacewire is a real-time communication network for use onboard satellites. It has been designed to transmit both payload and control/command data. To guarantee that communications respect the real-time constraints, designers use tools to compute the worst-case end-to-end delays. Among these tools, recursive flow analysis and Network Calculus approaches have been studied. This paper proposes to use the model-checking approach based on timed automata. A case study based on an industrial one is shown. Our approach is compared with recursive flow analysis and Network Calculus.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130465074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647972
D. Orfanus, R. Indergaard, G. Prytz, Tormod Wien
Industrial Ethernet is gradually becoming pervasive in the automation field. EtherCAT is one such technology, combining high real-time performance with a rich functionality set. Besides that, EtherCAT offers short cycle times, accurate time synchronization, redundancy and high data throughput. Most EtherCAT applications are in the 500-1000μs domain. There are only few EtherCAT master implementations in the sub-100 or sub-50μs range for high-performance applications. This paper presents EtherCAT based distributed controller which is capable of less than 30μs cycle times and was implemented on P2020 processor. Total HW and SW overhead per cycle is 9.6μs including jitter of 5μs. Achieved preciseness of the distributed time is below 20ns. The stack was designed to be modular and also reused on different platforms.
{"title":"EtherCAT-based platform for distributed control in high-performance industrial applications","authors":"D. Orfanus, R. Indergaard, G. Prytz, Tormod Wien","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647972","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial Ethernet is gradually becoming pervasive in the automation field. EtherCAT is one such technology, combining high real-time performance with a rich functionality set. Besides that, EtherCAT offers short cycle times, accurate time synchronization, redundancy and high data throughput. Most EtherCAT applications are in the 500-1000μs domain. There are only few EtherCAT master implementations in the sub-100 or sub-50μs range for high-performance applications. This paper presents EtherCAT based distributed controller which is capable of less than 30μs cycle times and was implemented on P2020 processor. Total HW and SW overhead per cycle is 9.6μs including jitter of 5μs. Achieved preciseness of the distributed time is below 20ns. The stack was designed to be modular and also reused on different platforms.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125124838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647988
H. Boudhar, M. Dahane, N. Rezg
This article discusses the issue of spare part return in a production system with a single machine subject to a monotone and stochastic deterioration. It investigates the problem of the spare parts returns and the reusing problem of recovered part, with or without remanufacturing actions. Each recovered spare part is stocked, before being inspected and probably reused. We propose an order/remanufacturing replacement policy with an inventory management of the recovered spare parts. A condition-based maintenance policy is adopted with three decision thresholds for order management, preventive maintenance management and corrective maintenance. A genetic algorithm based approach is proposed and an illustrative example is presented to reveal the application of the proposed policy.
{"title":"Order/remanufacturing policy of spare part with recovery option for stochastic deteriorating system","authors":"H. Boudhar, M. Dahane, N. Rezg","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647988","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the issue of spare part return in a production system with a single machine subject to a monotone and stochastic deterioration. It investigates the problem of the spare parts returns and the reusing problem of recovered part, with or without remanufacturing actions. Each recovered spare part is stocked, before being inspected and probably reused. We propose an order/remanufacturing replacement policy with an inventory management of the recovered spare parts. A condition-based maintenance policy is adopted with three decision thresholds for order management, preventive maintenance management and corrective maintenance. A genetic algorithm based approach is proposed and an illustrative example is presented to reveal the application of the proposed policy.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126908849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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