Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647963
M. P. Fanti, G. Rotunno, A. M. Mangini, W. Ukovich
In this paper we deal with the problem of modeling and simulating the Steelmaking and Continuous Casting (SM-CC) processes. The SM-CC production processes are very complex and exhibit production cycles that have to be managed with suitable sequencing and scheduling procedures in order to minimize blocking and bottleneck conditions. The paper describes in details the SM-CC process by a modular approach in a Timed Petri Net framework. In order to show that the modeling procedure is suitable to describe large systems, we model and simulate a real case study involving a SM-CC plant located in the North of Italy.
{"title":"Modeling Steelmaking and Continuous Casting plants by Timed Petri Nets","authors":"M. P. Fanti, G. Rotunno, A. M. Mangini, W. Ukovich","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647963","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we deal with the problem of modeling and simulating the Steelmaking and Continuous Casting (SM-CC) processes. The SM-CC production processes are very complex and exhibit production cycles that have to be managed with suitable sequencing and scheduling procedures in order to minimize blocking and bottleneck conditions. The paper describes in details the SM-CC process by a modular approach in a Timed Petri Net framework. In order to show that the modeling procedure is suitable to describe large systems, we model and simulate a real case study involving a SM-CC plant located in the North of Italy.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121897780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648014
R. Breaz, O. Bologa, M. Tera, S. Racz
The Asymmetric single point incremental forming (ASPIF) is a manufacturing technology with a high degree of novelty. Even if there are a significant number of research results reported in the literature, the industry has not been very enthusiastic to adopt and implement it on large scale. One of the main reasons for that is the lack of specific computer aided techniques and tools, which could be used to design and optimize the ASPIF process. The paper presents some methods to overcome this drawback, either by using some general purpose computer assisted tools or by developing new simple, yet effective methods. The proposed methods can be used in the preparation stage of computer automated machining of the sheetmetal parts by means of the ASPIF process and also in the stage of evaluating the accuracy of the manufactured parts.
{"title":"Computer assisted techniques for the incremental forming technology","authors":"R. Breaz, O. Bologa, M. Tera, S. Racz","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648014","url":null,"abstract":"The Asymmetric single point incremental forming (ASPIF) is a manufacturing technology with a high degree of novelty. Even if there are a significant number of research results reported in the literature, the industry has not been very enthusiastic to adopt and implement it on large scale. One of the main reasons for that is the lack of specific computer aided techniques and tools, which could be used to design and optimize the ASPIF process. The paper presents some methods to overcome this drawback, either by using some general purpose computer assisted tools or by developing new simple, yet effective methods. The proposed methods can be used in the preparation stage of computer automated machining of the sheetmetal parts by means of the ASPIF process and also in the stage of evaluating the accuracy of the manufactured parts.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124623012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648153
G. Rodríguez-Navas, J. Proenza
Hard Real-Time Ethernet Switching (HaRTES) is an implementation of the Flexible Time Triggered (FTT) communication paradigm over Switched Ethernet, which intends to provide hard real-time communication in a flexible manner. This paper presents a first proposal for enhancing HaRTES with a service of total order multicast for synchronous messages. This service uses the centralized online scheduling service of FTT in order to reduce complexity and bandwidth utilization.
{"title":"A proposal for flexible, real-time and consistent multicast in FTT/HaRTES Switched Ethernet","authors":"G. Rodríguez-Navas, J. Proenza","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648153","url":null,"abstract":"Hard Real-Time Ethernet Switching (HaRTES) is an implementation of the Flexible Time Triggered (FTT) communication paradigm over Switched Ethernet, which intends to provide hard real-time communication in a flexible manner. This paper presents a first proposal for enhancing HaRTES with a service of total order multicast for synchronous messages. This service uses the centralized online scheduling service of FTT in order to reduce complexity and bandwidth utilization.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124690706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648047
H. A. Putra, Dwi Agung Nugroho, Dong-Seong Kim, Yoon-Suk Choi
In this paper, a novel discovery protocol using modified counting Bloom filters for data distribution service (DDS) is proposed. In current discovery protocols for DDS, each participant sends its endpoint data to every participant, and receives endpoint data from all other participants. In a large network such as naval warships, a lot of memory is required to store all the data. In many cases, most of the data stored is not needed by the endpoints but occupy memory storage. To reduce the size of data sent and stored, a discovery process combined with counting bloom filter is proposed. This paper presents the delay time for filters construction and the total discovery time needed in a naval warship network topology. The simulation results shows that the proposed method gives low delay time and no false positive probability.
{"title":"Discovery protocol for data distribution service in naval warships using extended counting bloom filters","authors":"H. A. Putra, Dwi Agung Nugroho, Dong-Seong Kim, Yoon-Suk Choi","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648047","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel discovery protocol using modified counting Bloom filters for data distribution service (DDS) is proposed. In current discovery protocols for DDS, each participant sends its endpoint data to every participant, and receives endpoint data from all other participants. In a large network such as naval warships, a lot of memory is required to store all the data. In many cases, most of the data stored is not needed by the endpoints but occupy memory storage. To reduce the size of data sent and stored, a discovery process combined with counting bloom filter is proposed. This paper presents the delay time for filters construction and the total discovery time needed in a naval warship network topology. The simulation results shows that the proposed method gives low delay time and no false positive probability.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129402635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648007
R. Keyser, A. Maxim, C. Copot, C. Ionescu
This paper presents a multivariable relay-based PID autotuning strategy, which ensures a specified modulus margin (i.e. robustness). The algorithm is applied on the coupled quadruple tanks from Quanser. The system is challenging for control since it presents non-minimum phase transmission zeros. The performance of the autotuner is validated against a computer-aided design tool based on the frequency response, i.e. FRTool. The experimental results suggest that the proposed autotuning procedure has similar performance as the control design based on full knowledge of the system. This is a remarkable conclusion and provides a good motivation to claim that our algorithm may be useful in chemical process applications where full knowledge of the systems model is still a burden for the control engineer.
{"title":"Validation of a multivariable relay-based PID autotuner with specified robustness","authors":"R. Keyser, A. Maxim, C. Copot, C. Ionescu","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a multivariable relay-based PID autotuning strategy, which ensures a specified modulus margin (i.e. robustness). The algorithm is applied on the coupled quadruple tanks from Quanser. The system is challenging for control since it presents non-minimum phase transmission zeros. The performance of the autotuner is validated against a computer-aided design tool based on the frequency response, i.e. FRTool. The experimental results suggest that the proposed autotuning procedure has similar performance as the control design based on full knowledge of the system. This is a remarkable conclusion and provides a good motivation to claim that our algorithm may be useful in chemical process applications where full knowledge of the systems model is still a burden for the control engineer.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128743466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648068
Tilman Leune, Thorsten Wehs, M. Janssen, Carsten Koch, Gerd von Cölln
Lateration based real time locating systems (RTLS) require anchor nodes with known positions to calculate the position of a mobile target. The geometry of the anchor nodes constrains the accuracy of the locating. In complex environments such as ships or factory floors, obstacles in the line of sight between target and anchors decrease the precision significantly. This is caused by the influence of multipathing effects and shadowing on distance measurements. In this work, we propose a heuristic approach to find reasonable geometries for anchor nodes in complex environments. We achieve this by simulation of anchor geometries and the employment of evolutionary algorithms to search for optimizations.
{"title":"Optimization of wireless locating in complex environments by placement of anchor nodes with evolutionary algorithms","authors":"Tilman Leune, Thorsten Wehs, M. Janssen, Carsten Koch, Gerd von Cölln","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648068","url":null,"abstract":"Lateration based real time locating systems (RTLS) require anchor nodes with known positions to calculate the position of a mobile target. The geometry of the anchor nodes constrains the accuracy of the locating. In complex environments such as ships or factory floors, obstacles in the line of sight between target and anchors decrease the precision significantly. This is caused by the influence of multipathing effects and shadowing on distance measurements. In this work, we propose a heuristic approach to find reasonable geometries for anchor nodes in complex environments. We achieve this by simulation of anchor geometries and the employment of evolutionary algorithms to search for optimizations.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129145143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648118
S. Wildermuth, M. Hochlehnert, U. Ahrend
An IR temperature sensor for industrial applications has been developed with the focus on achieving the required performance while providing an economical solution. The sensor is based on a thermopile detector supplemented by a specifically designed package to maintain the performance even under harsh environmental conditions encountered in a high voltage generator circuit breaker. Simulations of the thermal layout of the sensor have been performed to optimize the package. The performance of the sensor has been validated by experiments: Several sensors were tested for object temperature from room temperature to 120 °C with a linearity error of less than 3 °C. The accuracy was maintained under realistic ambient temperature cycles between -5 °C and 60 °C. Furthermore EMI and vibration tests have been performed.
{"title":"Infrared temperature sensor for industrial application: Package design for reliable operation in a high voltage generator circuit breaker","authors":"S. Wildermuth, M. Hochlehnert, U. Ahrend","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648118","url":null,"abstract":"An IR temperature sensor for industrial applications has been developed with the focus on achieving the required performance while providing an economical solution. The sensor is based on a thermopile detector supplemented by a specifically designed package to maintain the performance even under harsh environmental conditions encountered in a high voltage generator circuit breaker. Simulations of the thermal layout of the sensor have been performed to optimize the package. The performance of the sensor has been validated by experiments: Several sensors were tested for object temperature from room temperature to 120 °C with a linearity error of less than 3 °C. The accuracy was maintained under realistic ambient temperature cycles between -5 °C and 60 °C. Furthermore EMI and vibration tests have been performed.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127906507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648109
F. Schumacher, S. Schröck, A. Fay
GRAphe Fonctionnel de Commande Etape Transition (GRAFCET) is a powerful graphical modeling language for the specification of discrete event systems and an international standard since 1988. Since GRAFCET is a specification language and not a programming language, a GRAFCET specification (Grafcet) still has to be interpreted manually, e.g. as a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) program according to IEC 61131-3. For this reason, the authors subsequently present a tool prototype, which allows the development of a Grafcet according to IEC 60848 definitions and additionally offers the opportunity to automatically generate IEC 61131-3 compliant control code. To facilitate tool integration into industrial applications, the prototype is based on a widely-used office software.
GRAphe functionnel de Commande Etape Transition (GRAFCET)是一种功能强大的图形建模语言，用于离散事件系统的规范和自1988年以来的国际标准。由于GRAFCET是一种规范语言而不是编程语言，因此GRAFCET规范(GRAFCET)仍然需要手动解释，例如根据IEC 61131-3将其解释为可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)程序。出于这个原因，作者随后提出了一个工具原型，它允许根据IEC 60848定义开发Grafcet，并且还提供了自动生成符合IEC 61131-3的控制代码的机会。为了方便工具集成到工业应用中，原型是基于一个广泛使用的办公软件。
{"title":"Tool support for an automatic transformation of GRAFCET specifications into IEC 61131-3 control code","authors":"F. Schumacher, S. Schröck, A. Fay","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648109","url":null,"abstract":"GRAphe Fonctionnel de Commande Etape Transition (GRAFCET) is a powerful graphical modeling language for the specification of discrete event systems and an international standard since 1988. Since GRAFCET is a specification language and not a programming language, a GRAFCET specification (Grafcet) still has to be interpreted manually, e.g. as a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) program according to IEC 61131-3. For this reason, the authors subsequently present a tool prototype, which allows the development of a Grafcet according to IEC 60848 definitions and additionally offers the opportunity to automatically generate IEC 61131-3 compliant control code. To facilitate tool integration into industrial applications, the prototype is based on a widely-used office software.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126414556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647943
Giuliana Alderisi, Gaetano Patti, L. L. Bello
The IEEE 802.1 Audio/Video Bridging (AVB) protocol successfully supports audio/video streaming over Ethernet networks and is also a promising candidate for industrial automation. However, several industrial automation applications feature requirements that cannot be fulfilled by the current AVB standard. The next generation of IEEE 802.1 standards, which will specifically target the requirements of automotive and industrial control, is under specification within IEEE 802.1 Working Group. Inspired by such an ongoing work, this paper addresses the introduction in IEEE AVB networks of scheduled traffic, i.e., high priority traffic that is transmitted according to a time schedule so as to ensure no interference from other traffic classes. The paper describes the proposed approach, discusses the design choices and presents a performance assessment based on OMNeT++ simulations.
{"title":"Introducing support for scheduled traffic over IEEE audio video bridging networks","authors":"Giuliana Alderisi, Gaetano Patti, L. L. Bello","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647943","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE 802.1 Audio/Video Bridging (AVB) protocol successfully supports audio/video streaming over Ethernet networks and is also a promising candidate for industrial automation. However, several industrial automation applications feature requirements that cannot be fulfilled by the current AVB standard. The next generation of IEEE 802.1 standards, which will specifically target the requirements of automotive and industrial control, is under specification within IEEE 802.1 Working Group. Inspired by such an ongoing work, this paper addresses the introduction in IEEE AVB networks of scheduled traffic, i.e., high priority traffic that is transmitted according to a time schedule so as to ensure no interference from other traffic classes. The paper describes the proposed approach, discusses the design choices and presents a performance assessment based on OMNeT++ simulations.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121342615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647938
R. Jetley, A. Rath, V. Aparajithan, D. Kumar, V. Prasad, S. Ramaswamy
IEC 61131-3 is an open standard that provides guidelines for programmable logic controllers and control systems. The standard defines specifications for control system programming languages, both textual and graphical. A control system application developed using these languages can go through several changes over the course of the project's life-cycle. While differences in textual programs can be detected using traditional text difference algorithms, there exist no effective means for tracking changes at a granular, semantic level for graphical control system programs. In this paper, we present an approach for comparison of graphical IEC 61131-3 programs, specifically those written using the Function Block Diagram and Sequential Function Chart notations. To perform this comparison, we represent the programs in an XML format, and use this to compare individual elements. The differences are computed and the programs are then rendered in a customized graphical viewer that highlights changes between programs. We implement a prototype comparison utility for graphical IEC 61131-3 programs and show how it can help reduce the effort involved in manual review and maintenance activities.
{"title":"An approach for comparison of IEC 61131-3 graphical programs","authors":"R. Jetley, A. Rath, V. Aparajithan, D. Kumar, V. Prasad, S. Ramaswamy","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647938","url":null,"abstract":"IEC 61131-3 is an open standard that provides guidelines for programmable logic controllers and control systems. The standard defines specifications for control system programming languages, both textual and graphical. A control system application developed using these languages can go through several changes over the course of the project's life-cycle. While differences in textual programs can be detected using traditional text difference algorithms, there exist no effective means for tracking changes at a granular, semantic level for graphical control system programs. In this paper, we present an approach for comparison of graphical IEC 61131-3 programs, specifically those written using the Function Block Diagram and Sequential Function Chart notations. To perform this comparison, we represent the programs in an XML format, and use this to compare individual elements. The differences are computed and the programs are then rendered in a customized graphical viewer that highlights changes between programs. We implement a prototype comparison utility for graphical IEC 61131-3 programs and show how it can help reduce the effort involved in manual review and maintenance activities.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126615758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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