Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648132
Samira Souit, C. Fattori, F. Junqueira, D. S. Filho, P. E. Miyagi
According to trends in demand for customized products with less time-to-market possible, it is noticeable the need for a composition of automated productive systems (PSs) with a reconfigurable structure to maintain competitiveness against the increasing challenges of globalized market. This ability to reconfigure involves not only the internal structure of the PS, but also their participation into an integrated and coordinated environment with more complex productive process. Thus, this work presents a supervisory control architecture that integrates and coordinates a set of physically dispersed PSs, whose functionalities are made available as services for the implementation of productive processes. For the supervision and control of dispersed PSs it is adopted the "orchestration" technique.
{"title":"Orchestrating dispersed productive systems","authors":"Samira Souit, C. Fattori, F. Junqueira, D. S. Filho, P. E. Miyagi","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648132","url":null,"abstract":"According to trends in demand for customized products with less time-to-market possible, it is noticeable the need for a composition of automated productive systems (PSs) with a reconfigurable structure to maintain competitiveness against the increasing challenges of globalized market. This ability to reconfigure involves not only the internal structure of the PS, but also their participation into an integrated and coordinated environment with more complex productive process. Thus, this work presents a supervisory control architecture that integrates and coordinates a set of physically dispersed PSs, whose functionalities are made available as services for the implementation of productive processes. For the supervision and control of dispersed PSs it is adopted the \"orchestration\" technique.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115786936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648129
Batu Akan, Baran Çürüklü, L. Asplund
Typical pick and place, and machine tending applications often require an industrial robot to be embedded in a cell and to communicate with other devices in the cell. Programming the program logic is a tedious job, requiring expert programming knowledge, and it can take more time than programming the specific robot movements itself. We propose a new system, which takes in the description of the whole manufacturing process in natural language as input, fills in the implicit actions, and plans the sequence of actions to accomplish the task described in minimal makespan using a modified partial planning algorithm. Finally we demonstrate that the proposed system can come up with a sensible plan for the given instructions.
{"title":"Scheduling POP-Star for automatic creation of robot cell programs","authors":"Batu Akan, Baran Çürüklü, L. Asplund","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648129","url":null,"abstract":"Typical pick and place, and machine tending applications often require an industrial robot to be embedded in a cell and to communicate with other devices in the cell. Programming the program logic is a tedious job, requiring expert programming knowledge, and it can take more time than programming the specific robot movements itself. We propose a new system, which takes in the description of the whole manufacturing process in natural language as input, fills in the implicit actions, and plans the sequence of actions to accomplish the task described in minimal makespan using a modified partial planning algorithm. Finally we demonstrate that the proposed system can come up with a sensible plan for the given instructions.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130289704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648104
M. Runde, Christopher Tebbe, Karl-Heinz Niemann
Current trends like Cloud Computing dissolve the known structure of the automation pyramid and lead towards a higher level of connectivity between different networks. Classical security methods like separation do not necessarily yield the needed level of protection. This paper describes the evaluation of a new security layer to protect the PROFINET communication by cryptographic means under real-time conditions to support current existing IT security measures.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of an IT security layer in real-time communication","authors":"M. Runde, Christopher Tebbe, Karl-Heinz Niemann","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648104","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends like Cloud Computing dissolve the known structure of the automation pyramid and lead towards a higher level of connectivity between different networks. Classical security methods like separation do not necessarily yield the needed level of protection. This paper describes the evaluation of a new security layer to protect the PROFINET communication by cryptographic means under real-time conditions to support current existing IT security measures.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130940375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648099
A. C. Oezluek, K. Kabitzsch
Automation systems comprise often huge and complex communication networks which save resources such as energy, time, capital and effort for humans. Design of automation systems is often a highly complex problem. For creation of optimal building automation system design, if component variety on the market is considered, there emerge many trade-off design solutions. In our previous work high quality design solutions could be obtained by proposed problem-specific adaptations of multi-objective metaheuristics. In this paper, we propose a new domain-inspired hyperheuristic approach to obtain the majority of optimal solutions in the true Pareto front that concerns evolving variation applications and selection operations.
{"title":"A domain-inspired hyperheuristic for solving complex design problems of automation systems","authors":"A. C. Oezluek, K. Kabitzsch","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648099","url":null,"abstract":"Automation systems comprise often huge and complex communication networks which save resources such as energy, time, capital and effort for humans. Design of automation systems is often a highly complex problem. For creation of optimal building automation system design, if component variety on the market is considered, there emerge many trade-off design solutions. In our previous work high quality design solutions could be obtained by proposed problem-specific adaptations of multi-objective metaheuristics. In this paper, we propose a new domain-inspired hyperheuristic approach to obtain the majority of optimal solutions in the true Pareto front that concerns evolving variation applications and selection operations.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133371097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647944
Fathi Abugchem, M. Short, Donglai Xu
It has been widely accepted that real-time implementations of feedback control systems can be susceptible to timing jitters which may be caused by the underlying real-time and/or embedded implementation architecture. Previous experimental studies aimed at quantifying the levels of degradation that may be observed have mainly concentrated upon relatively simple fixed-gain feedback control schemes (e.g. PID) and time-invariant plant. Although some degradation has been observed, most systems have been shown to be surprisingly robust unless driven to extreme limits. In this paper, we study the jitter sensitivity of a real-time embedded implementation of a digital parameter-adaptive control system. The purpose of the study was two-fold; primarily, to obtain empirical data related to jitter sensitivity (as measured by a quadratic performance metric), and secondarily to explore the potential impact of the underlying scheduler choice on system behavior. The findings indicate that the adaptive controller was heavily influenced by sampling jitter, and that the choice of task scheduler had a role to play.
{"title":"An experimental HIL study on the jitter sensitivity of an adaptive control system","authors":"Fathi Abugchem, M. Short, Donglai Xu","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647944","url":null,"abstract":"It has been widely accepted that real-time implementations of feedback control systems can be susceptible to timing jitters which may be caused by the underlying real-time and/or embedded implementation architecture. Previous experimental studies aimed at quantifying the levels of degradation that may be observed have mainly concentrated upon relatively simple fixed-gain feedback control schemes (e.g. PID) and time-invariant plant. Although some degradation has been observed, most systems have been shown to be surprisingly robust unless driven to extreme limits. In this paper, we study the jitter sensitivity of a real-time embedded implementation of a digital parameter-adaptive control system. The purpose of the study was two-fold; primarily, to obtain empirical data related to jitter sensitivity (as measured by a quadratic performance metric), and secondarily to explore the potential impact of the underlying scheduler choice on system behavior. The findings indicate that the adaptive controller was heavily influenced by sampling jitter, and that the choice of task scheduler had a role to play.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133615740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648128
Matthias Freund, Christopher Martin, Annerose Braune, Uwe Steinkrauss
The OPC specifications define common interfaces towards process data servers for user interfaces, alarm servers, etc. in industrial automation. The hybrid profile defined in the latest OPC specification Unified Architecture (OPC UA) combines an efficient binary encoding of messages with a transmission over HTTP(S). This enables pure web browser-based OPC UA clients that do not need any additional software or plug-ins installed as requested by the industry more frequently. This paper therefore presents the OPC UA JavaScript framework JSUA that incorporates a JavaScript implementation of the OPC UA communication stack. Time measurements show the performance of JSUA on different devices and compared to a native OPC UA client implemented in C++.
OPC规范为工业自动化中的用户界面、报警服务器等定义了过程数据服务器的通用接口。在最新的OPC规范统一架构(OPC UA)中定义的混合配置文件将消息的有效二进制编码与HTTP(S)传输相结合。这使得纯基于web浏览器的OPC UA客户端不需要像业界经常要求的那样安装任何额外的软件或插件。因此，本文提出了OPC UA JavaScript框架JSUA，它包含了OPC UA通信栈的JavaScript实现。时间测量显示了JSUA在不同设备上的性能，并与用c++实现的本机OPC UA客户端进行了比较。
{"title":"JSUA — An OPC UA JavaScript framework","authors":"Matthias Freund, Christopher Martin, Annerose Braune, Uwe Steinkrauss","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648128","url":null,"abstract":"The OPC specifications define common interfaces towards process data servers for user interfaces, alarm servers, etc. in industrial automation. The hybrid profile defined in the latest OPC specification Unified Architecture (OPC UA) combines an efficient binary encoding of messages with a transmission over HTTP(S). This enables pure web browser-based OPC UA clients that do not need any additional software or plug-ins installed as requested by the industry more frequently. This paper therefore presents the OPC UA JavaScript framework JSUA that incorporates a JavaScript implementation of the OPC UA communication stack. Time measurements show the performance of JSUA on different devices and compared to a native OPC UA client implemented in C++.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133675879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648059
G. Dini, Marco Tiloca
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are frequently adopted in industrial applications. However, they are particularly prone to cyber-physical attacks. Since addressing all possible attacks is not viable, due to performance and economic reasons, it is vital to choose which attacks to address and which countermeasures to adopt. Hence, a quantitative analysis of attack impact is crucial to make an effective choice. In this paper, we present a simulative approach to attack impact analysis, and show that simulation results provide valuable insights on the attack severity. To fix ideas, we refer to a WSN monitoring pollutant emissions of a critical infrastructure. We analyze effects of cyber-physical attacks against the network, and rank them according to their impact severity. This supports designers in deciding which attacks to address and which countermeasures to select.
{"title":"On simulative analysis of attack impact in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"G. Dini, Marco Tiloca","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648059","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are frequently adopted in industrial applications. However, they are particularly prone to cyber-physical attacks. Since addressing all possible attacks is not viable, due to performance and economic reasons, it is vital to choose which attacks to address and which countermeasures to adopt. Hence, a quantitative analysis of attack impact is crucial to make an effective choice. In this paper, we present a simulative approach to attack impact analysis, and show that simulation results provide valuable insights on the attack severity. To fix ideas, we refer to a WSN monitoring pollutant emissions of a critical infrastructure. We analyze effects of cyber-physical attacks against the network, and rank them according to their impact severity. This supports designers in deciding which attacks to address and which countermeasures to select.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127071825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648024
Felix Reimann, Sebastian Graf, F. Streit, M. Glaß, J. Teich
Due to ever-increasing bandwidth requirements of modern automotive applications, Ethernet AVB is becoming a standard high-speed bus in automotive E/E architectures. Since Ethernet AVB is tailored to audio and video entertainment, existing analysis approaches neglect the specific requirements and features of heterogeneous E/E architectures and their applications. This paper presents a timing analysis technique based on Real Time Calculus to consider Ethernet AVB in complex E/E architectures, reflecting key features such as static routing and stream reservation, fixed topology, and real-time applications. A comparison with a simulation on case studies from the automotive domain gives evidence that the proposed technique delivers valuable bounds for complete sensor-to-actuator chains, enabling automatic system synthesis and design space exploration approaches.
{"title":"Timing analysis of Ethernet AVB-based automotive E/E architectures","authors":"Felix Reimann, Sebastian Graf, F. Streit, M. Glaß, J. Teich","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648024","url":null,"abstract":"Due to ever-increasing bandwidth requirements of modern automotive applications, Ethernet AVB is becoming a standard high-speed bus in automotive E/E architectures. Since Ethernet AVB is tailored to audio and video entertainment, existing analysis approaches neglect the specific requirements and features of heterogeneous E/E architectures and their applications. This paper presents a timing analysis technique based on Real Time Calculus to consider Ethernet AVB in complex E/E architectures, reflecting key features such as static routing and stream reservation, fixed topology, and real-time applications. A comparison with a simulation on case studies from the automotive domain gives evidence that the proposed technique delivers valuable bounds for complete sensor-to-actuator chains, enabling automatic system synthesis and design space exploration approaches.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133762876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648060
Xu Wang, C. Mahulea, M. Suárez
In this paper, we consider the decentralized fault diagnosis problem of discrete event systems modeled by time Petri nets (TPNs). Our approach is based on the fault diagnosis graph which is obtained from the time reachability graph by removing the irrelevant nodes. A coordinator computes the diagnosis states of the global system using information from subsystems. Local systems send small amounts of information to the coordinator for the computation of diagnosis states of the global system.
{"title":"Decentralized diagnosis based on fault diagnosis graph","authors":"Xu Wang, C. Mahulea, M. Suárez","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648060","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the decentralized fault diagnosis problem of discrete event systems modeled by time Petri nets (TPNs). Our approach is based on the fault diagnosis graph which is obtained from the time reachability graph by removing the irrelevant nodes. A coordinator computes the diagnosis states of the global system using information from subsystems. Local systems send small amounts of information to the coordinator for the computation of diagnosis states of the global system.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117263490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-28DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647984
Uwe Mönks, V. Lohweg
Sensor and information fusion is recently a major topic which becomes important in machine diagnosis and conditioning for complex production machines and process engineering. It is a known fact that distributed automation systems have a major impact on signal processing and pattern recognition for machine diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop smart diagnosis methods which are applicable for distributed systems like resource-limited cyber-physical systems. In this paper we propose an new approach for sensor and information fusion based on Evidence Theory and socio-psychological decision-making. We show that context based condition monitoring is instantiated even in conflict situations, oc-curing in real life scenarios permanently. A simple but effective importance measure is proposed which controls the significance of conditioning propositions in a system.
{"title":"Machine conditioning by importance controlled information fusion","authors":"Uwe Mönks, V. Lohweg","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647984","url":null,"abstract":"Sensor and information fusion is recently a major topic which becomes important in machine diagnosis and conditioning for complex production machines and process engineering. It is a known fact that distributed automation systems have a major impact on signal processing and pattern recognition for machine diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop smart diagnosis methods which are applicable for distributed systems like resource-limited cyber-physical systems. In this paper we propose an new approach for sensor and information fusion based on Evidence Theory and socio-psychological decision-making. We show that context based condition monitoring is instantiated even in conflict situations, oc-curing in real life scenarios permanently. A simple but effective importance measure is proposed which controls the significance of conditioning propositions in a system.","PeriodicalId":106678,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123524304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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