Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1080/1478422X.2022.2120945
Liu Zhicheng, K. Dejun
ABSTRACT A CoCrFeNiMo high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating was prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy by plasma spraying technique. The microstructure and phases of the obtained coating were analysed using an ultra-depth-of-field microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The electrochemical corrosion properties of CoCrFeNiMo HEA coating in 3.5% NaCl, 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M NaOH solutions were comparatively evaluated using an electrochemical workstation, and the corrosion mechanisms were also discussed by the corrosion models. The results show that the CoCrFeNiMo HEA coating is mainly a solid solution structure of face-centered cubic, which forms mechanical bonding at the coating interface. The charge transfer resistance R ct of 597 × 1016 μA·cm–2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution is the highest and the corrosion current density i corr of 4.203 × 10–7 μA·cm–2 also presents the lowest among the three kinds of corrosive solutions, which shows the highest electrochemical corrosion resistance. As a result, the sequence of corrosion resistance is in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution > in 3.5% NaCl solution > in 0.1 M NaOH solution, in which the corrosion resistance is further improved by the passive film on the CoCrFeNiMo HEA coating.
摘要:采用等离子喷涂技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金(HEA)涂层。利用超景深显微镜和x射线衍射分析了涂层的显微组织和物相。利用电化学工作站对比评价了CoCrFeNiMo HEA涂层在3.5% NaCl、0.1 M H2SO4和0.1 M NaOH溶液中的电化学腐蚀性能，并通过腐蚀模型探讨了腐蚀机理。结果表明:CoCrFeNiMo HEA涂层主要为面心立方固溶结构，在涂层界面处形成机械键合;在0.1 M H2SO4溶液中电荷转移电阻rct最高，为597 × 1016 μA·cm-2，腐蚀电流密度rct最低，为4.203 × 10-7 μA·cm-2，具有最高的电化学耐蚀性。结果表明，CoCrFeNiMo HEA涂层的耐蚀性顺序为:在0.1 M H2SO4溶液中>在3.5% NaCl溶液中>在0.1 M NaOH溶液中，其中CoCrFeNiMo HEA涂层的钝化膜进一步提高了其耐蚀性。
{"title":"Structural and electrochemical corrosion properties of plasma-sprayed CoCrFeNiMo HEA coating in corrosive solutions","authors":"Liu Zhicheng, K. Dejun","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2120945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2120945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A CoCrFeNiMo high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating was prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy by plasma spraying technique. The microstructure and phases of the obtained coating were analysed using an ultra-depth-of-field microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The electrochemical corrosion properties of CoCrFeNiMo HEA coating in 3.5% NaCl, 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M NaOH solutions were comparatively evaluated using an electrochemical workstation, and the corrosion mechanisms were also discussed by the corrosion models. The results show that the CoCrFeNiMo HEA coating is mainly a solid solution structure of face-centered cubic, which forms mechanical bonding at the coating interface. The charge transfer resistance R ct of 597 × 1016 μA·cm–2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution is the highest and the corrosion current density i corr of 4.203 × 10–7 μA·cm–2 also presents the lowest among the three kinds of corrosive solutions, which shows the highest electrochemical corrosion resistance. As a result, the sequence of corrosion resistance is in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution > in 3.5% NaCl solution > in 0.1 M NaOH solution, in which the corrosion resistance is further improved by the passive film on the CoCrFeNiMo HEA coating.","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"730 - 739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43251295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1080/1478422X.2022.2120090
Y. Huo, Bob Varela, M. Tan
ABSTRACT A moving electrochemical probe technique is developed for probing coating damages on underground pipelines installed by horizontal directional drilling (HDD) and for assessing the efficiency of cathodic protection (CP) through measuring local polarisation currents and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The capability and accuracy of the probe in detecting coating defects have been evaluated, and compared with current techniques, using a simulated HDD pipe in a borehole. Results show that the probe is able to detect the locations of coating defects over the HDD pipe and that the capacitance of coating defects calculated from EIS data is a rather accurate parameter for defect size determination. The probe has also been used to apply local CP over coating defects for enhancing local corrosion protection. Preliminary field testing on a section of simulated HDD pipe has also shown reasonable accuracy of the probe in determining coating defect locations and sizes.
{"title":"Assessing coating integrity and cathodic protection on buried pipelines under horizontal directional drilling conditions","authors":"Y. Huo, Bob Varela, M. Tan","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2120090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2120090","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A moving electrochemical probe technique is developed for probing coating damages on underground pipelines installed by horizontal directional drilling (HDD) and for assessing the efficiency of cathodic protection (CP) through measuring local polarisation currents and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The capability and accuracy of the probe in detecting coating defects have been evaluated, and compared with current techniques, using a simulated HDD pipe in a borehole. Results show that the probe is able to detect the locations of coating defects over the HDD pipe and that the capacitance of coating defects calculated from EIS data is a rather accurate parameter for defect size determination. The probe has also been used to apply local CP over coating defects for enhancing local corrosion protection. Preliminary field testing on a section of simulated HDD pipe has also shown reasonable accuracy of the probe in determining coating defect locations and sizes.","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"717 - 729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48655357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1080/1478422X.2022.2119706
A. El-Asri, A. Jmiai, Y. Lin, A. Taoufyq, M. Rguiti, H. Bourzi, S. El Issami
ABSTRACT This paper presents a new study on imidazole derivatives namely 1H-imidazole (IM), N-methylimidazole (MIM) and 1H-benzimidazole (BIM) as a corrosion inhibitor for brass in nitric acid medium. Electrochemical results demonstrate that the inhibition increases with a high concentration of imidazole derivatives; the inhibitory efficiency reaches a maximum of 94% at 10–2 mol L−1 for BIM. SEM morphology and EDS analysis show that these derivatives are adsorbed onto the brass interface, the brass sample is effectively protected and the surface becomes relatively flat, which is more significant in the presence of 1H-benzimidazole. FTIR results confirm the retention of BIM on the interface of Cu-Zn alloys. In addition, quantum chemistry calculation manifests that the three derivatives can reveal high anticorrosion properties. Molecular dynamics simulation data manifest that the three imidazole derivatives can be adsorbed at the brass surface in a paralleled way, and have large binding energy. Highlights A new action of imidazole derivatives to mitigate brass corrosion was explored in HNO3. BIM showed inhibitory efficiency more than 94% in HNO3 solution. The inhibition mechanism is studied using SEM/EDS surface analysis and FTIR analysis. The calculated adsorption energies are ranked in the following order: BIM > MIM > IM. Theoretical and experimental results lead to used imidazole derivatives as potential corrosion inhibition for brass in solution. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Understanding imidazole derivatives effect as a corrosion inhibitor for brass in nitric acid: a combined experimental and theoretical assessments","authors":"A. El-Asri, A. Jmiai, Y. Lin, A. Taoufyq, M. Rguiti, H. Bourzi, S. El Issami","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2119706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2119706","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents a new study on imidazole derivatives namely 1H-imidazole (IM), N-methylimidazole (MIM) and 1H-benzimidazole (BIM) as a corrosion inhibitor for brass in nitric acid medium. Electrochemical results demonstrate that the inhibition increases with a high concentration of imidazole derivatives; the inhibitory efficiency reaches a maximum of 94% at 10–2 mol L−1 for BIM. SEM morphology and EDS analysis show that these derivatives are adsorbed onto the brass interface, the brass sample is effectively protected and the surface becomes relatively flat, which is more significant in the presence of 1H-benzimidazole. FTIR results confirm the retention of BIM on the interface of Cu-Zn alloys. In addition, quantum chemistry calculation manifests that the three derivatives can reveal high anticorrosion properties. Molecular dynamics simulation data manifest that the three imidazole derivatives can be adsorbed at the brass surface in a paralleled way, and have large binding energy. Highlights A new action of imidazole derivatives to mitigate brass corrosion was explored in HNO3. BIM showed inhibitory efficiency more than 94% in HNO3 solution. The inhibition mechanism is studied using SEM/EDS surface analysis and FTIR analysis. The calculated adsorption energies are ranked in the following order: BIM > MIM > IM. Theoretical and experimental results lead to used imidazole derivatives as potential corrosion inhibition for brass in solution. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"680 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43150819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1080/1478422X.2022.2118439
Lingfei Meng, Wei Zhang, Song Zhang, Jifu Zhang, Chun-hua Zhang, Y. Ye, Z. Bao, Fu-hui Wang
ABSTRACT Plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings were formed in Na2C4H4O6–KF–Na2SiO3 system on AZ91D magnesium alloy by controlling the single-pulse square-wave and bipolar pulse square-wave, respectively. Potentiodynamic polarisation (PD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise measurement (EN) were employed to investigate their corrosion behaviour in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that with bipolar pulse mode for PEO process, the growth rate of PEO coating on magnesium alloy first decreased and some micropores were present inside the PEO coating. With the increasing oxidation time, the PEO coating became much homogeneous and the porosity of the coating decreased largely, and the corrosion resistance of PEO coating was enhanced. The use of the bipolar pulse mode is beneficial to the improvement of the compactness and corrision performance of magnesium alloy with PEO treatment for the higher voltage stage and longer oxidation time.
{"title":"Effect of cathode pulse square-wave on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared in the Na2C4H4O6–KF–Na2SiO3 system","authors":"Lingfei Meng, Wei Zhang, Song Zhang, Jifu Zhang, Chun-hua Zhang, Y. Ye, Z. Bao, Fu-hui Wang","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2118439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2118439","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings were formed in Na2C4H4O6–KF–Na2SiO3 system on AZ91D magnesium alloy by controlling the single-pulse square-wave and bipolar pulse square-wave, respectively. Potentiodynamic polarisation (PD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise measurement (EN) were employed to investigate their corrosion behaviour in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that with bipolar pulse mode for PEO process, the growth rate of PEO coating on magnesium alloy first decreased and some micropores were present inside the PEO coating. With the increasing oxidation time, the PEO coating became much homogeneous and the porosity of the coating decreased largely, and the corrosion resistance of PEO coating was enhanced. The use of the bipolar pulse mode is beneficial to the improvement of the compactness and corrision performance of magnesium alloy with PEO treatment for the higher voltage stage and longer oxidation time.","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"654 - 672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47177384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.1080/1478422X.2022.2119006
Yuxin Wang, Fulei Yan, B. Wu, Jianhua Wu, Kefeng Hu, Xianbin Hou, Leyang Dai
ABSTRACT In order to study the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the corrosion of low-alloy steels in deep-sea environments. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of single-metal system and triple-metal coupled system of 907A steel, 921A steel and 1# steel under different hydrostatic pressures were studied by electrochemical, weight loss and morphology observation methods. The results show that the high hydrostatic pressure promotes the corrosion of low-alloy steel by changing the composition and morphology of corrosion products. In addition, there was also severe galvanic corrosion between the couples with a low potential difference (< 60 mV),907A steel was used as the anode of the three-metal coupled system, and 921A steel and 1# steel as the cathode. The galvanic coupling effect accelerates the pitting corrosion of 907A steel as an anode metal. When using multi-metal couplers with low potential differences, they should be protected by both coating protection and cathodic protection.
{"title":"Effect of hydrostatic pressure on galvanic corrosion of low-alloy steel in simulated deep-sea environments","authors":"Yuxin Wang, Fulei Yan, B. Wu, Jianhua Wu, Kefeng Hu, Xianbin Hou, Leyang Dai","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2119006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2119006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In order to study the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the corrosion of low-alloy steels in deep-sea environments. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of single-metal system and triple-metal coupled system of 907A steel, 921A steel and 1# steel under different hydrostatic pressures were studied by electrochemical, weight loss and morphology observation methods. The results show that the high hydrostatic pressure promotes the corrosion of low-alloy steel by changing the composition and morphology of corrosion products. In addition, there was also severe galvanic corrosion between the couples with a low potential difference (< 60 mV),907A steel was used as the anode of the three-metal coupled system, and 921A steel and 1# steel as the cathode. The galvanic coupling effect accelerates the pitting corrosion of 907A steel as an anode metal. When using multi-metal couplers with low potential differences, they should be protected by both coating protection and cathodic protection.","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"375 5","pages":"673 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1080/1478422X.2022.2116185
Firdausi H. Zamrudi, A. Setiawan
ABSTRACT Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising joining technique offering safety, repeatability, reduced energy consumption, no need for shielding gases and consumables, and no solidification is involved. To date, extensive efforts have been dedicated toward developing a good combination of friction stir welding process parameters, focusing on tool rotation speed and welding speed to produce sound welds with good corrosion resistance. In this review, we highlight the quantified corrosion resistance performances of reported friction stir welded aluminium alloys under electrochemical testing, which can be used as the benchmark for future studies in this field. A general introduction to friction stir welding technology, heat input formulation and welding temperature, corrosion mechanism and effect of welding parameters are discussed. It is followed by challenges and an outlook toward the practical use of friction stir welding technology.
{"title":"Effect of friction stir welding parameters on corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys: an overview","authors":"Firdausi H. Zamrudi, A. Setiawan","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2116185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2116185","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising joining technique offering safety, repeatability, reduced energy consumption, no need for shielding gases and consumables, and no solidification is involved. To date, extensive efforts have been dedicated toward developing a good combination of friction stir welding process parameters, focusing on tool rotation speed and welding speed to produce sound welds with good corrosion resistance. In this review, we highlight the quantified corrosion resistance performances of reported friction stir welded aluminium alloys under electrochemical testing, which can be used as the benchmark for future studies in this field. A general introduction to friction stir welding technology, heat input formulation and welding temperature, corrosion mechanism and effect of welding parameters are discussed. It is followed by challenges and an outlook toward the practical use of friction stir welding technology.","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"696 - 707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47991927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Clarification of the relationship between oxygen diffusion and microstructural evolution in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is of great importance for understanding and consequently tailoring the oxidation process. In the present study, a Si-modified ferritic martensitic steel was exposed to oxygen-saturated LBE at 500°C at various times and the interface between the internal oxidation zone and matrix was investigated. Microstructural characterisation reveals that grain boundaries and martensitic lath boundaries provide a fast pathway for oxygen diffusion, resulting in the high amount of oxidation products, as well as cracks. The internal stress caused by the formation of oxidation products along grain boundary results in the proliferation of dislocations, which subsequently play as the new diffusion channel for oxygen. The chemical analysis demonstrates that Si preferably concentrates along the dislocations in a form of Si-rich oxide, suggesting the oxidation of Si is prior to the Cr-rich oxide.
{"title":"Si segregation and relevant effect on the corrosion propagation in F/M steel exposed to liquid lead-bismuth eutectic","authors":"Rui Yuan, Jiajian Shi, Jinxue Yang, Yingxue Chen, Guoqiang Huang, Chenyang Lu, Feifei Zhang, F. Meng","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2115436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2115436","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Clarification of the relationship between oxygen diffusion and microstructural evolution in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is of great importance for understanding and consequently tailoring the oxidation process. In the present study, a Si-modified ferritic martensitic steel was exposed to oxygen-saturated LBE at 500°C at various times and the interface between the internal oxidation zone and matrix was investigated. Microstructural characterisation reveals that grain boundaries and martensitic lath boundaries provide a fast pathway for oxygen diffusion, resulting in the high amount of oxidation products, as well as cracks. The internal stress caused by the formation of oxidation products along grain boundary results in the proliferation of dislocations, which subsequently play as the new diffusion channel for oxygen. The chemical analysis demonstrates that Si preferably concentrates along the dislocations in a form of Si-rich oxide, suggesting the oxidation of Si is prior to the Cr-rich oxide.","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"648 - 653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48681522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.1080/1478422X.2022.2112931
Hongyi Zhou, Zhao Tian, Chuanhua Liao
ABSTRACT Corrosion was currently the most crucial factor hindering the commercial development of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) technology. Stainless steel represented by 316L and Ni-based alloy represented by Inconel 625 were performed and compared with corrosion resistance in supercritical environment with high concentrations of oxygen and chlorides. The results shown that the duplex layer was formed on two samples. The surface of 316L SS was mainly composed of loose magnetite and haematite, resulted in pitting corrosion, microcracks, and the exfoliation of oxide. The inner layer were separately a small amount of Cr2O3 oxide and FeCr2O4 spinel, which were caused by the lower content of chromium. Compared with 316L SS, the oxide film structure of Inconel 625 was composed of the outer layer of spinel and the inner layer of Cr-rich oxide. Some nodular oxides were formed, and it can be explained by the volatilisation process of chromium.
{"title":"Corrosion behaviour characterisation of 316L stainless steel and Inconel 625 in supercritical water containing hydrochloric acid and high oxygen","authors":"Hongyi Zhou, Zhao Tian, Chuanhua Liao","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2112931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2112931","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Corrosion was currently the most crucial factor hindering the commercial development of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) technology. Stainless steel represented by 316L and Ni-based alloy represented by Inconel 625 were performed and compared with corrosion resistance in supercritical environment with high concentrations of oxygen and chlorides. The results shown that the duplex layer was formed on two samples. The surface of 316L SS was mainly composed of loose magnetite and haematite, resulted in pitting corrosion, microcracks, and the exfoliation of oxide. The inner layer were separately a small amount of Cr2O3 oxide and FeCr2O4 spinel, which were caused by the lower content of chromium. Compared with 316L SS, the oxide film structure of Inconel 625 was composed of the outer layer of spinel and the inner layer of Cr-rich oxide. Some nodular oxides were formed, and it can be explained by the volatilisation process of chromium.","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"640 - 647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45525158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1080/1478422X.2022.2096322
M. Mousavi, A. Kosari, J. Mol, Y. Gonzalez‐Garcia
ABSTRACT Electroless nickel (Ni) immersion gold (Au), commonly referred to by the acronym ENIG, is the most common protective coating applied on the exposed copper (Cu) traces of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this work, we elucidate the local corrosion mechanism of the ENIG-Cu system by applying microscopic, surface analysis and electrochemical techniques with high spatial resolution to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex local corrosion mechanism of the ENIG-Cu system. The corrosion initiation is highly localised and associated with pores or micro-defects in the Au layer. The corrosion initiates by the dissolution of the underlying Ni layer, being less noble than Au. The dissolution propagates in lateral and perpendicular directions relative to the surface in an elliptical fashion. With time, the direction of corrosion propagation changes to a predominantly lateral attack of the Ni layer. The corrosion process is governed by the cathode/anode ratio of the Au/Ni galvanic couple.
{"title":"Localised aqueous corrosion of electroless nickel immersion gold-coated copper","authors":"M. Mousavi, A. Kosari, J. Mol, Y. Gonzalez‐Garcia","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2096322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2096322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Electroless nickel (Ni) immersion gold (Au), commonly referred to by the acronym ENIG, is the most common protective coating applied on the exposed copper (Cu) traces of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this work, we elucidate the local corrosion mechanism of the ENIG-Cu system by applying microscopic, surface analysis and electrochemical techniques with high spatial resolution to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex local corrosion mechanism of the ENIG-Cu system. The corrosion initiation is highly localised and associated with pores or micro-defects in the Au layer. The corrosion initiates by the dissolution of the underlying Ni layer, being less noble than Au. The dissolution propagates in lateral and perpendicular directions relative to the surface in an elliptical fashion. With time, the direction of corrosion propagation changes to a predominantly lateral attack of the Ni layer. The corrosion process is governed by the cathode/anode ratio of the Au/Ni galvanic couple.","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"520 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44348389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.1080/1478422X.2022.2111039
Yuan Li, Sha Qian, Boxin Wei, Y. F. Cheng
ABSTRACT Corrosion of duplex stainless steels (DSS) usually initiates at a specific phase, causing preferential phase-dissolution in aqueous environments. Although the scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) can characterise the phase-corrosion at a micro- or even nanoscale, conventional data-processing methods are insufficient to analyse massive data to derive mechanistic information, and sometimes, even cause a misunderstanding of corrosion evolution. Here we utilised root mean square, power spectral density and fractal evaluations to analyse the time-dependent topographic and Volta potential results obtained by SKPFM during corrosion progression of 2205 DSS in a chloride solution. Corrosion of the DSS preferentially occurs in the ferrite phase and at the ferrite/austenite boundaries in the initial stage. The corrosion changes from the initial galvanic mechanism to mass transfer control with increased time. By using proper numerical tools, the Volta potential results are more insightful of analysing corrosion than the topographic profiles.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of topographic and Volta potential profiles during corrosion of duplex stainless steel in chloride solution","authors":"Yuan Li, Sha Qian, Boxin Wei, Y. F. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/1478422X.2022.2111039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2022.2111039","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Corrosion of duplex stainless steels (DSS) usually initiates at a specific phase, causing preferential phase-dissolution in aqueous environments. Although the scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) can characterise the phase-corrosion at a micro- or even nanoscale, conventional data-processing methods are insufficient to analyse massive data to derive mechanistic information, and sometimes, even cause a misunderstanding of corrosion evolution. Here we utilised root mean square, power spectral density and fractal evaluations to analyse the time-dependent topographic and Volta potential results obtained by SKPFM during corrosion progression of 2205 DSS in a chloride solution. Corrosion of the DSS preferentially occurs in the ferrite phase and at the ferrite/austenite boundaries in the initial stage. The corrosion changes from the initial galvanic mechanism to mass transfer control with increased time. By using proper numerical tools, the Volta potential results are more insightful of analysing corrosion than the topographic profiles.","PeriodicalId":10711,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"630 - 639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48849425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：