The heat transfer tube in a steam generator serves as a critical heat exchange component in the primary and secondary loops of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants. The corrosion resistance of the heat transfer tube material directly influences the longevity of PWR nuclear power plants. This study investigated the electrochemical corrosion properties of 690 alloy (UNS N06690) in a simulated secondary water environment of PWR, focusing on different chloride ion concentrations and combinations of deoxidizers. The findings reveal a gradual decrease in the corrosion potential of 690 alloy, accompanied by an increase in self-corrosion current and a progressive reduction in the passivation range, ultimately leading to its disappearance as chloride ion concentration rises from 0 μg·L−1 to 500 μg·L−1. Moreover, the impedance value of the inner film exhibits a declining trend with increase of chloride ion concentration. Conversely, the resistance value of the outer film remains relatively stable while the size and spacing of oxide particles on the surface of the 690 alloy continuously increase. This observation suggests that chloride ions primarily influence the formation of the inner passivation film, which in turn determines the corrosion resistance of the 690 alloy. Notably, the performance of the 690 alloy is similar when the deoxidizer combination is ammonia(NH3)+erythorbic acid(ERA) or NH3+hydrazine(N2H4), demonstrating the ability to form a relatively complete passivation film and exhibit improved corrosion resistance compared to NH3+N-isopropyl hydroxylamine, additionally, when the deoxidizer combination is NH3+N2H4, the 690 alloy exhibits lower self-corrosion current density across different chloride ion concentrations, indicating enhanced corrosion resistance.
{"title":"The Effects of Cl− and selected deoxidizers on the high temperature corrosion electrochemistry of alloy 690 in nuclear steam generator water","authors":"Rui Wang, Jing Huang, Changshuai Sun, Xuejin Li, Baozhi Qian, Zhimin Zhao","doi":"10.5006/4431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4431","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The heat transfer tube in a steam generator serves as a critical heat exchange component in the primary and secondary loops of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants. The corrosion resistance of the heat transfer tube material directly influences the longevity of PWR nuclear power plants. This study investigated the electrochemical corrosion properties of 690 alloy (UNS N06690) in a simulated secondary water environment of PWR, focusing on different chloride ion concentrations and combinations of deoxidizers. The findings reveal a gradual decrease in the corrosion potential of 690 alloy, accompanied by an increase in self-corrosion current and a progressive reduction in the passivation range, ultimately leading to its disappearance as chloride ion concentration rises from 0 μg·L−1 to 500 μg·L−1. Moreover, the impedance value of the inner film exhibits a declining trend with increase of chloride ion concentration. Conversely, the resistance value of the outer film remains relatively stable while the size and spacing of oxide particles on the surface of the 690 alloy continuously increase. This observation suggests that chloride ions primarily influence the formation of the inner passivation film, which in turn determines the corrosion resistance of the 690 alloy. Notably, the performance of the 690 alloy is similar when the deoxidizer combination is ammonia(NH3)+erythorbic acid(ERA) or NH3+hydrazine(N2H4), demonstrating the ability to form a relatively complete passivation film and exhibit improved corrosion resistance compared to NH3+N-isopropyl hydroxylamine, additionally, when the deoxidizer combination is NH3+N2H4, the 690 alloy exhibits lower self-corrosion current density across different chloride ion concentrations, indicating enhanced corrosion resistance.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Andreykiv, I. Dolinska, S. Nastasiak, N. Zviahin
A developed method for determining the lifespan of structural elements with large-scale cracks of complex geometry under the influence of long-term static loads and corrosive environments. The method is based on an appropriate computational model, which relies on the first law of thermodynamics for the elementary act of local failure (crack propagation), some fundamental principles of physical chemistry, as well as the basic principles of fracture mechanics. The advantages of this method over existing ones are substantiated. The application of the method is demonstrated through examples involving the determination of the residual life of such structural elements as torsion and a pipe with small cracks made of 45KhN2MFA steel (tempered at 470 K and 725 K) under the influence of long-term static loading and distilled water. As the cracks are considered small, we have constructed a computational model in terms of deformation parameters, including a well-known counterpart in fracture mechanics, crack opening at the crack tip δt. At the same time, based on available experimental data from the literature, it is substantiated that the application of existing linear fracture mechanics methods in stress intensity factors KI for implementing the mentioned problems, the application of existing linear fracture mechanics methods is inappropriate. To determine the residual life of structural elements using this method, it is necessary to have kinetic diagrams in coordinates of the growth rate of small cracks and the crack opening at the crack tip, which means V ∼ δt. These diagrams are constructed here using the provided formulas for determining δt and diagrams are constructed here using the provided formulas and known experimental data for 45KhN2MFA steel under the influence of distilled water and static tension. Using the mentioned method, the residual lifespans of the torsion and the pipe were calculated under the influence of long-term static loading and distilled water. Additionally, the effectiveness of water solutions of well-known inorganic corrosion inhibitors on the residual lifespan of the mentioned structural elements was verified through calculations. It was found that the residual lifespan effectively characterizes the performance of corrosion inhibitors, which can be applied in engineering practice.
在长期静载荷和腐蚀环境的影响下，为确定具有复杂几何形状大尺度裂纹的结构元件的寿命而开发的方法。该方法基于一个适当的计算模型，该模型依赖于局部破坏（裂纹扩展）基本行为的热力学第一定律、物理化学的一些基本原理以及断裂力学的基本原理。与现有方法相比，该方法的优势得到了证实。该方法的应用实例包括：在长期静载荷和蒸馏水的影响下，确定结构元件的残余寿命，如扭转和有小裂缝的 45KhN2MFA 钢管（在 470 K 和 725 K 下回火）。由于裂缝较小，我们根据变形参数构建了一个计算模型，其中包括断裂力学中一个著名的对应参数--裂缝顶端的裂缝开度 δt。同时，根据文献中现有的实验数据，证实了在应力强度因子 KI 中应用现有的线性断裂力学方法来实现上述问题是不合适的。要使用该方法确定结构元件的残余寿命，必须要有小裂纹生长率和裂纹尖端裂纹张开坐标的动力学图，即 V ∼ δt。这些图表是利用所提供的 δt 确定公式绘制的，同时还利用所提供的公式和已知的实验数据绘制了 45KhN2MFA 钢在蒸馏水和静拉力影响下的图表。利用上述方法，计算了在长期静载荷和蒸馏水影响下，扭杆和管道的残余寿命。此外，还通过计算验证了知名无机缓蚀剂水溶液对上述结构元件残余寿命的影响。研究发现，残余寿命可以有效地表征缓蚀剂的性能，并可应用于工程实践中。
{"title":"Development of a Method for Determining the Residual Life of Structural Elements with Cracks Under the Action of Load and Corrosive Environment, as well as the Application of Corrosion Inhibitors to Enhance It","authors":"O. Andreykiv, I. Dolinska, S. Nastasiak, N. Zviahin","doi":"10.5006/4433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4433","url":null,"abstract":"A developed method for determining the lifespan of structural elements with large-scale cracks of complex geometry under the influence of long-term static loads and corrosive environments. The method is based on an appropriate computational model, which relies on the first law of thermodynamics for the elementary act of local failure (crack propagation), some fundamental principles of physical chemistry, as well as the basic principles of fracture mechanics. The advantages of this method over existing ones are substantiated. The application of the method is demonstrated through examples involving the determination of the residual life of such structural elements as torsion and a pipe with small cracks made of 45KhN2MFA steel (tempered at 470 K and 725 K) under the influence of long-term static loading and distilled water. As the cracks are considered small, we have constructed a computational model in terms of deformation parameters, including a well-known counterpart in fracture mechanics, crack opening at the crack tip δt. At the same time, based on available experimental data from the literature, it is substantiated that the application of existing linear fracture mechanics methods in stress intensity factors KI for implementing the mentioned problems, the application of existing linear fracture mechanics methods is inappropriate. To determine the residual life of structural elements using this method, it is necessary to have kinetic diagrams in coordinates of the growth rate of small cracks and the crack opening at the crack tip, which means V ∼ δt. These diagrams are constructed here using the provided formulas for determining δt and diagrams are constructed here using the provided formulas and known experimental data for 45KhN2MFA steel under the influence of distilled water and static tension. Using the mentioned method, the residual lifespans of the torsion and the pipe were calculated under the influence of long-term static loading and distilled water. Additionally, the effectiveness of water solutions of well-known inorganic corrosion inhibitors on the residual lifespan of the mentioned structural elements was verified through calculations. It was found that the residual lifespan effectively characterizes the performance of corrosion inhibitors, which can be applied in engineering practice.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheewa Feng, S. Chawla, Doug Frye, Kenneth Evans, N. Sridhar
This work studied the exposure effects from radioactive tank waste on long-term performance of single junction Ag/AgCl reference electrodes for corrosion potential monitoring at the Hanford Site. Electrodes from three manufacturers with very different designs were studied using open-circuit potential and electrochemical impedance measurements in radioactive tank waste. Post-test analyses were conducted on some failed electrodes using destructive and non-destructive techniques. Intrusion of the aggressive and radioactive chemicals in tank waste through the porous frit materials was the primary mechanism that led to clogging of frit, physical and chemical degradation of AgCl bonded to Ag wire, and alteration of the internal electrolyte. Radiolytic chemical species such as H2O2 and HNO3 may have also induced degradation of the Ag wire. The extent of electrode degradation and failure probability highly depended on the electrode design and environment conditions. Chemicals in tank waste had stronger effects than radiation on the long-term performance of the Ag/AgCl reference electrodes.
{"title":"Long-Term Performance of Ag/AgCl Reference Electrodes for Corrosion Potential Monitoring in Radioactive Tank Waste at the Hanford Site","authors":"Sheewa Feng, S. Chawla, Doug Frye, Kenneth Evans, N. Sridhar","doi":"10.5006/4558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4558","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work studied the exposure effects from radioactive tank waste on long-term performance of single junction Ag/AgCl reference electrodes for corrosion potential monitoring at the Hanford Site. Electrodes from three manufacturers with very different designs were studied using open-circuit potential and electrochemical impedance measurements in radioactive tank waste. Post-test analyses were conducted on some failed electrodes using destructive and non-destructive techniques. Intrusion of the aggressive and radioactive chemicals in tank waste through the porous frit materials was the primary mechanism that led to clogging of frit, physical and chemical degradation of AgCl bonded to Ag wire, and alteration of the internal electrolyte. Radiolytic chemical species such as H2O2 and HNO3 may have also induced degradation of the Ag wire. The extent of electrode degradation and failure probability highly depended on the electrode design and environment conditions. Chemicals in tank waste had stronger effects than radiation on the long-term performance of the Ag/AgCl reference electrodes.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal heat treatment and build orientation to minimize the susceptibility of additively manufactured (AM) alloy 625 to crevice corrosion. To accomplish this, metal-to-metal and acrylic-to-metal remote crevice assembly (RCA) experiments were carried out for as made (NT) AM, stress relieved (SR) AM, solution annealed (SA) AM, and solution plus stabilization annealed (SSA) AM alloy 625 in two different build orientations. Current vs. time data from metal-to-metal RCA experiments were analyzed using a commercially available statistical analysis software that was used to perform Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). While there was a lack of statistical evidence build orientation has an effect on crevice corrosion susceptibility, there was strong evidence heat treatment affects crevice corrosion susceptibility. Specifically, according to Tukey’s Multiple Comparison, alloys that were heat treated had a statistically significant lower charge passed as compared to the NT specimens. This finding was consistent with measured penetration depth where NT AM specimens had the largest maximum penetration depth. In contrast, acrylic-to-metal RCAs were used to calculate crevice corrosion current density (rate) and repassivation potential. While current densities for the AM materials were comparable, the lateral motion of the active crevice corrosion front on the NT and SR specimens was found to be slow in comparison, resulting in high damage accumulation locally. Both metal-to-metal and acrylic-to-metal RCA results are discussed within the context of non-homogenized microstructures associated with AM.
本研究的目的是确定最佳热处理和构建方向，以最大限度地降低快速成型（AM）合金 625 对缝隙腐蚀的敏感性。为此，对两种不同构建方向的原样（NT）AM、去应力（SR）AM、固溶退火（SA）AM 和固溶加稳定退火（SSA）AM 合金 625 进行了金属对金属和丙烯酸对金属远程缝隙组装（RCA）实验。使用市售统计分析软件对金属对金属 RCA 实验的电流与时间数据进行了分析，该软件用于执行方差分析 (ANOVA)。虽然没有统计证据表明构建方向会影响缝隙腐蚀敏感性，但有确凿证据表明热处理会影响缝隙腐蚀敏感性。具体来说，根据 Tukey's 多元比较，与 NT 试样相比，经过热处理的合金的电荷通过率在统计学上明显较低。这一结果与测量的穿透深度一致，NT AM 试样的最大穿透深度最大。相反，丙烯酸-金属 RCA 用于计算缝隙腐蚀电流密度（速率）和再钝化电位。虽然 AM 材料的电流密度不相上下，但在 NT 和 SR 试样上，活动缝隙腐蚀前沿的横向移动速度相比之下较慢，导致局部损伤累积较高。金属对金属和丙烯酸对金属的 RCA 结果都是在与 AM 相关的非均质化微结构背景下进行讨论的。
{"title":"The Effect of Heat Treatment and Build Orientation on the Susceptibility of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additively Manufactured Alloy 625 to Crevice Corrosion","authors":"Y. Shorrab, J.J. Blecher, R.S. Lillard","doi":"10.5006/4504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4504","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of this study was to determine the optimal heat treatment and build orientation to minimize the susceptibility of additively manufactured (AM) alloy 625 to crevice corrosion. To accomplish this, metal-to-metal and acrylic-to-metal remote crevice assembly (RCA) experiments were carried out for as made (NT) AM, stress relieved (SR) AM, solution annealed (SA) AM, and solution plus stabilization annealed (SSA) AM alloy 625 in two different build orientations. Current vs. time data from metal-to-metal RCA experiments were analyzed using a commercially available statistical analysis software that was used to perform Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). While there was a lack of statistical evidence build orientation has an effect on crevice corrosion susceptibility, there was strong evidence heat treatment affects crevice corrosion susceptibility. Specifically, according to Tukey’s Multiple Comparison, alloys that were heat treated had a statistically significant lower charge passed as compared to the NT specimens. This finding was consistent with measured penetration depth where NT AM specimens had the largest maximum penetration depth. In contrast, acrylic-to-metal RCAs were used to calculate crevice corrosion current density (rate) and repassivation potential. While current densities for the AM materials were comparable, the lateral motion of the active crevice corrosion front on the NT and SR specimens was found to be slow in comparison, resulting in high damage accumulation locally. Both metal-to-metal and acrylic-to-metal RCA results are discussed within the context of non-homogenized microstructures associated with AM.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Eslami, Sumit Sharma, David Young, Marc Singer
Volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs), specifically formulations based on thiols and amines, can be used to mitigate top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) that arises during the transportation of wet gas through transmission pipelines. Nevertheless, the VCI inhibition efficiency can be compromised by the presence of condensable hydrocarbon phases. In this research, the inhibition efficiency of two thiol compounds (decanethiol and hexanethiol) and three combinations of VCIs for TLC scenarios, both in the presence and absence of n-heptane, representing a condensing hydrocarbon phase were studied. The results proved the inhibition efficiency of thiols in a water-only condensing environment, with effectiveness increasing with the alkyl tail length. Conversely, in a water/n-heptane co-condensing environment, a reversed trend was observed, where hexanethiol exhibited higher corrosion inhibition efficiency compared to decanethiol. Molecular simulation results indicated a synergistic adsorption behavior when the alkane was of a similar length as the alkyl tails of the inhibitors, leading to the incorporation of alkane molecules with the inhibitor molecules. A mixture of thiols (decanethiol and hexanethiol) and two mixtures of thiol and amines (decanethiol and diethylamine/t-butylamine) were also considered in both water-only and water/n-heptane co-condensing environments. In the presence of n-heptane, only the thiol mixture, featuring molecules with different tail lengths, demonstrated high inhibition efficiency. This behavior was attributed to the superior inhibition efficiency provided by thiol-based molecules with a shorter alkyl tail (hexanethiol) in the presence of n-heptane. Additionally, the results revealed that the mixtures of decanethiol and amines did not enhance corrosion inhibition in the presence of n-heptane within the system.
{"title":"Efficiency of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors in the Presence of n-Heptane: An Experimental and Molecular Simulation Study","authors":"Maryam Eslami, Sumit Sharma, David Young, Marc Singer","doi":"10.5006/4531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4531","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs), specifically formulations based on thiols and amines, can be used to mitigate top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) that arises during the transportation of wet gas through transmission pipelines. Nevertheless, the VCI inhibition efficiency can be compromised by the presence of condensable hydrocarbon phases. In this research, the inhibition efficiency of two thiol compounds (decanethiol and hexanethiol) and three combinations of VCIs for TLC scenarios, both in the presence and absence of n-heptane, representing a condensing hydrocarbon phase were studied. The results proved the inhibition efficiency of thiols in a water-only condensing environment, with effectiveness increasing with the alkyl tail length. Conversely, in a water/n-heptane co-condensing environment, a reversed trend was observed, where hexanethiol exhibited higher corrosion inhibition efficiency compared to decanethiol. Molecular simulation results indicated a synergistic adsorption behavior when the alkane was of a similar length as the alkyl tails of the inhibitors, leading to the incorporation of alkane molecules with the inhibitor molecules. A mixture of thiols (decanethiol and hexanethiol) and two mixtures of thiol and amines (decanethiol and diethylamine/t-butylamine) were also considered in both water-only and water/n-heptane co-condensing environments. In the presence of n-heptane, only the thiol mixture, featuring molecules with different tail lengths, demonstrated high inhibition efficiency. This behavior was attributed to the superior inhibition efficiency provided by thiol-based molecules with a shorter alkyl tail (hexanethiol) in the presence of n-heptane. Additionally, the results revealed that the mixtures of decanethiol and amines did not enhance corrosion inhibition in the presence of n-heptane within the system.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Use of organic surfactant corrosion inhibitors provides an economical and effective way for internal corrosion control of oil and gas production and transportation pipelines. Corrosion inhibition measurements using electrochemical techniques can be used to evaluate the efficacy of corrosion inhibitors based on steady state corrosion rates. The corrosion behavior with respect to time can further be utilized to quantify adsorption kinetics of inhibitor molecules on metal and can further be integrated in the development of corrosion prediction tools. However, corrosion rates measurements can be very sensitive to experimental methodology in the presence of corrosion inhibitors in the test solution, and repeatability is often difficult to achieve if a robust methodology is not followed meticulously. In this study, the importance of the location of inhibitor addition in lab-scale corrosion experimentation is discussed.
{"title":"Importance of Location for Addition of Surfactant Inhibitors in Corrosion Experiments","authors":"Kushal Singla, Bruce Brown, S. Nešić","doi":"10.5006/4514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4514","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Use of organic surfactant corrosion inhibitors provides an economical and effective way for internal corrosion control of oil and gas production and transportation pipelines. Corrosion inhibition measurements using electrochemical techniques can be used to evaluate the efficacy of corrosion inhibitors based on steady state corrosion rates. The corrosion behavior with respect to time can further be utilized to quantify adsorption kinetics of inhibitor molecules on metal and can further be integrated in the development of corrosion prediction tools. However, corrosion rates measurements can be very sensitive to experimental methodology in the presence of corrosion inhibitors in the test solution, and repeatability is often difficult to achieve if a robust methodology is not followed meticulously. In this study, the importance of the location of inhibitor addition in lab-scale corrosion experimentation is discussed.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil-soluble and water-dispersible corrosion inhibitors are used to mitigate corrosion in pipelines. The performance of corrosion inhibitors has been described mainly in terms of the adsorption of surfactants on metal surfaces. However, the partition of the surfactant from oil to water and its dispersion in water should also significantly affect the corrosion inhibition mechanism of pipelines operating in metal-oil-water systems. Based on this perspective, we investigate the influence of oil on the dispersion process of surfactants. To this end, we measured the inhibition performance, surface tension, and dispersion into the aqueous phase for a simple model inhibitor consisting of stearic acid (surfactant) and alkanes (oil). The results indicate that the mixing of oil with surfactant increases the amount of dispersion in water by decreasing the interfacial tension, thereby improving the corrosion inhibition performance. This strongly suggests that the dispersion of surfactant in the aqueous phase is essentially important in the corrosion inhibition process in metal-oil-water systems as a preliminary step to the formation of hydrophobic film on the metal surface.
{"title":"Understanding of Corrosion Inhibitor Dispersion Process in Water through Interaction between Stearic Acid and Alkane","authors":"Susumu Hirano, Tatsuya Sei, Midori Kawasaki, Atsushi Kobayashi, Tomokazu Yasuike","doi":"10.5006/4534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4534","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Oil-soluble and water-dispersible corrosion inhibitors are used to mitigate corrosion in pipelines. The performance of corrosion inhibitors has been described mainly in terms of the adsorption of surfactants on metal surfaces. However, the partition of the surfactant from oil to water and its dispersion in water should also significantly affect the corrosion inhibition mechanism of pipelines operating in metal-oil-water systems. Based on this perspective, we investigate the influence of oil on the dispersion process of surfactants. To this end, we measured the inhibition performance, surface tension, and dispersion into the aqueous phase for a simple model inhibitor consisting of stearic acid (surfactant) and alkanes (oil). The results indicate that the mixing of oil with surfactant increases the amount of dispersion in water by decreasing the interfacial tension, thereby improving the corrosion inhibition performance. This strongly suggests that the dispersion of surfactant in the aqueous phase is essentially important in the corrosion inhibition process in metal-oil-water systems as a preliminary step to the formation of hydrophobic film on the metal surface.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspective on “An Electrochemical Approach to Predicting Long-Term Localized Corrosion of Corrosion-Resistant High-Level Waste Container Materials,” D.S. Dunn, G.A. Cragnolino, and N. Sridhar, Corrosion 56, 1 (2000): p. 90-104","authors":"R.G. Kelly","doi":"10.5006/4506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140355447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Underground storage tanks (UST(s)) are a critical infrastructure for the storage of petroleum and other hazardous substances. As with much of the nationwide infrastructure, USTs are aging beyond their intended lifetime. In 1985, the average age of a UST removed for replacement or closeout was 17 years old; USTs removed today are on average 33 years old. Corrosion in UST systems can lead to tank failure resulting in leaks which can contaminate soil and ground water and also result in vapor intrusion in nearby buildings. Presently, there are approximately 65,000 leaking USTs in the U.S. With increased flooding, both inland and coastal, there is greater potential for accelerated corrosion where there are approximately 33,000 USTs within FEMA's 100 year floodplain. With changes in the fuel supply through the introduction of alternative fuels, unintended consequences to fuel storage and delivery infrastructure have been observed. Biofouling and corrosion can be exacerbated by additions of relatively small volumes of alternative fuels. The current standards for monitoring the potential leakage events of USTs are wholly inadequate in terms of predictive capabilities. In this present work, the past, current and future of UST infrastructure are detailed. The materials used in the construction of the USTs including plastics and steels are reviewed as well as their compatibilities to the current and future fuels. A geospatial database application developed by the Environmental Protection Agency is highlighted for insights into correlations between UST data (e.g. age, type, location, fuel) and natural disasters (e.g. flooding, fires) in order to identify potentially vulnerable systems.
{"title":"Underground Storage Tanks: A Review of an Unseen Aging Infrastructure","authors":"Samuel Bynum, Jason S. Lee","doi":"10.5006/4517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4517","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Underground storage tanks (UST(s)) are a critical infrastructure for the storage of petroleum and other hazardous substances. As with much of the nationwide infrastructure, USTs are aging beyond their intended lifetime. In 1985, the average age of a UST removed for replacement or closeout was 17 years old; USTs removed today are on average 33 years old. Corrosion in UST systems can lead to tank failure resulting in leaks which can contaminate soil and ground water and also result in vapor intrusion in nearby buildings. Presently, there are approximately 65,000 leaking USTs in the U.S. With increased flooding, both inland and coastal, there is greater potential for accelerated corrosion where there are approximately 33,000 USTs within FEMA's 100 year floodplain. With changes in the fuel supply through the introduction of alternative fuels, unintended consequences to fuel storage and delivery infrastructure have been observed. Biofouling and corrosion can be exacerbated by additions of relatively small volumes of alternative fuels. The current standards for monitoring the potential leakage events of USTs are wholly inadequate in terms of predictive capabilities. In this present work, the past, current and future of UST infrastructure are detailed. The materials used in the construction of the USTs including plastics and steels are reviewed as well as their compatibilities to the current and future fuels. A geospatial database application developed by the Environmental Protection Agency is highlighted for insights into correlations between UST data (e.g. age, type, location, fuel) and natural disasters (e.g. flooding, fires) in order to identify potentially vulnerable systems.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen Wang, Jiameng Xu, Gang Xu, Xiao Liu, Zhongqiang Liu, Qizhong Yi
Cu-containing Ti6Al4V alloy is considered an ideal biomedical material due to its excellent antibacterial properties. However, the addition of Cu leads to a mismatch in strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance, which hinders their further application. To address this issue, the study utilized low Cu doping and hot extrusion to optimize the material's properties. The results showed that the primary lamellar structures were transformed into equiaxed grains, with an average grain size reduced from 10 μm to 300 nm. The nano-equiaxed grains had a homogeneous elemental composition and a stronger base texture, with orientations aligned with the extrusion direction. As a result, synergistic strengthening in terms of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance was achieved. The film resistance increased from 127 kΩ·cm2 to 325 kΩ·cm2, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 1030 MPa to 1330 MPa, and the elongation increased from 7% to 21%. These improvements were attributed to the nanostructure and basal texture, which facilitated the formation of a thicker passive film and reduced pitting corrosion, thereby enhancing corrosion resistance. Additionally, the nano-equiaxed grains could provide grain boundary strengthening and texture strengthening on UTS and ensure uniform deformation for elongation.
{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy through low Cu doping and hot extrusion","authors":"Zhen Wang, Jiameng Xu, Gang Xu, Xiao Liu, Zhongqiang Liu, Qizhong Yi","doi":"10.5006/4503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4503","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cu-containing Ti6Al4V alloy is considered an ideal biomedical material due to its excellent antibacterial properties. However, the addition of Cu leads to a mismatch in strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance, which hinders their further application. To address this issue, the study utilized low Cu doping and hot extrusion to optimize the material's properties. The results showed that the primary lamellar structures were transformed into equiaxed grains, with an average grain size reduced from 10 μm to 300 nm. The nano-equiaxed grains had a homogeneous elemental composition and a stronger base texture, with orientations aligned with the extrusion direction. As a result, synergistic strengthening in terms of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance was achieved. The film resistance increased from 127 kΩ·cm2 to 325 kΩ·cm2, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 1030 MPa to 1330 MPa, and the elongation increased from 7% to 21%. These improvements were attributed to the nanostructure and basal texture, which facilitated the formation of a thicker passive film and reduced pitting corrosion, thereby enhancing corrosion resistance. Additionally, the nano-equiaxed grains could provide grain boundary strengthening and texture strengthening on UTS and ensure uniform deformation for elongation.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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