Hongchao Ji, Mengmeng Li, Naizheng Kang, Xiuli Wang, Yuanming Huo
The corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel double-sided submerged arc welded joints in marine atmospheric environment was simulated by cyclic salt spray accelerated corrosion test. The corrosion behavior and mechanism of X80 pipeline steel welded joints were studied by means of SEM, XRD and electrochemical test, and the current effect of welded joints was evaluated by means of macroscopic and microscopic morphology, corrosion weight loss, corrosion product composition, polarization curve and impedance spectrum of samples with different cycles. The results show that with the extension of corrosion time, the corrosion morphology of each region of the welded joint changes from the initial uniform corrosion to a large difference. During the whole process, the surface fluctuation of the base-metal area is small, and no obvious pitting pits are observed. Cracks are gradually generated in the heat affected zone and the weld metal, and as the cracks expand, the surface pits deepen. The corrosion rate of the three regions of the welded joint showed a trend of rapid increase-slow decrease-slow increase-slow decrease. It provides conditions for further research on the simulation and correlation of accelerated corrosion test.
{"title":"Study on accelerated corrosion behavior and mechanism of X80 pipeline steel welded joint under cyclic salt spray test","authors":"Hongchao Ji, Mengmeng Li, Naizheng Kang, Xiuli Wang, Yuanming Huo","doi":"10.5006/4368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4368","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel double-sided submerged arc welded joints in marine atmospheric environment was simulated by cyclic salt spray accelerated corrosion test. The corrosion behavior and mechanism of X80 pipeline steel welded joints were studied by means of SEM, XRD and electrochemical test, and the current effect of welded joints was evaluated by means of macroscopic and microscopic morphology, corrosion weight loss, corrosion product composition, polarization curve and impedance spectrum of samples with different cycles. The results show that with the extension of corrosion time, the corrosion morphology of each region of the welded joint changes from the initial uniform corrosion to a large difference. During the whole process, the surface fluctuation of the base-metal area is small, and no obvious pitting pits are observed. Cracks are gradually generated in the heat affected zone and the weld metal, and as the cracks expand, the surface pits deepen. The corrosion rate of the three regions of the welded joint showed a trend of rapid increase-slow decrease-slow increase-slow decrease. It provides conditions for further research on the simulation and correlation of accelerated corrosion test.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cameron Volders, Gopalakrishnan Ramalingam, Valentina Angelici Avincola, Iradwikanari Waluyo, Adrian Hunt, Petra Reinke
Oxidation of Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Mo was studied in operando with near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the Cabrera-Mott regime. The oxidation temperature was 200 °C - a severely diffusion limited regime. The near-surface alloy is Cr-enriched after reduction of natives oxide in vacuum, and especially so for Ni-15Cr-6Mo. Mo-cations are integrated in the oxide and Mo(VI) dominates at the surface. The surface chemistry driven promotion of chromia by Mo predicted by theory is negated by the limited surface diffusion of reactants. Pre-oxidation processing is proposed to control the oxide properties for use of Ni-Cr superalloys at low temperatures.
{"title":"Oxidation of NiCr and NiCrMo alloys at low temperatures","authors":"Cameron Volders, Gopalakrishnan Ramalingam, Valentina Angelici Avincola, Iradwikanari Waluyo, Adrian Hunt, Petra Reinke","doi":"10.5006/4400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4400","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidation of Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Mo was studied in operando with near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the Cabrera-Mott regime. The oxidation temperature was 200 °C - a severely diffusion limited regime. The near-surface alloy is Cr-enriched after reduction of natives oxide in vacuum, and especially so for Ni-15Cr-6Mo. Mo-cations are integrated in the oxide and Mo(VI) dominates at the surface. The surface chemistry driven promotion of chromia by Mo predicted by theory is negated by the limited surface diffusion of reactants. Pre-oxidation processing is proposed to control the oxide properties for use of Ni-Cr superalloys at low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corrosion of reinforcement due to chloride attacks in the marine environment is a natural phenomenon. Corrosion of reinforcement produces corrosion products of high volume, which deteriorates the structural integrity of reinforced concrete structure due to loss of bond, cracking and, spalling of the concrete. Existing literatures have documented tests investigating the bond behavior of uncorroded and corroded specimens, but there is a dearth of data pertaining to a more advanced stage (higher mass loss) of corrosion. In the current study, an accelerated corrosion test was conducted on cylindrical (lollipop) specimens, which involved utilizing an impressed current laboratory technique to induce three distinct levels of corrosion (10%, 20%, and 40% mass loss). Moreover, to assess bond strength, the pull-out tests were performed on both corroded and uncorroded specimens. The present study deals with the residual bond strength at three different corrosion levels, as a function of different parameters such as clear cover (CC), water-cement (w/c) ratio, and two different reinforcement diameters. Experimental data reveals that mass loss achieved is lesser than the target mass loss for all specimens. It is observed that at higher corrosion levels, where the mass loss exceeds 10% or cracks appear on the surface of the reinforced structure, both an increase in mass loss and a decrease in residual bond strength are consistently observed. These effects remain consistent regardless of whether the parameters such as bar diameter, w/c ratio, and clear cover are increased or decreased. The statistical analysis was performed on the experimental data to develop predictive models for estimating the residual bond strength and mass loss. For higher mass loss of 30-35%, the corresponding bond strength for all the specimens falls within the range of 4-6 MPa.
{"title":"Residual bond strength of highly corroded Reinforced Concrete","authors":"Ankit Kumar Jaiswal, S.S. Gadve","doi":"10.5006/4333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4333","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion of reinforcement due to chloride attacks in the marine environment is a natural phenomenon. Corrosion of reinforcement produces corrosion products of high volume, which deteriorates the structural integrity of reinforced concrete structure due to loss of bond, cracking and, spalling of the concrete. Existing literatures have documented tests investigating the bond behavior of uncorroded and corroded specimens, but there is a dearth of data pertaining to a more advanced stage (higher mass loss) of corrosion. In the current study, an accelerated corrosion test was conducted on cylindrical (lollipop) specimens, which involved utilizing an impressed current laboratory technique to induce three distinct levels of corrosion (10%, 20%, and 40% mass loss). Moreover, to assess bond strength, the pull-out tests were performed on both corroded and uncorroded specimens. The present study deals with the residual bond strength at three different corrosion levels, as a function of different parameters such as clear cover (CC), water-cement (w/c) ratio, and two different reinforcement diameters. Experimental data reveals that mass loss achieved is lesser than the target mass loss for all specimens. It is observed that at higher corrosion levels, where the mass loss exceeds 10% or cracks appear on the surface of the reinforced structure, both an increase in mass loss and a decrease in residual bond strength are consistently observed. These effects remain consistent regardless of whether the parameters such as bar diameter, w/c ratio, and clear cover are increased or decreased. The statistical analysis was performed on the experimental data to develop predictive models for estimating the residual bond strength and mass loss. For higher mass loss of 30-35%, the corresponding bond strength for all the specimens falls within the range of 4-6 MPa.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick J. Steiner, Zachary D. Harris, James T. Burns
The effect of chloride concentration on the environment-assisted cracking (EAC) behavior of AA5083-H131 in atmospheric environments was investigated using high-fidelity fracture mechanics-based testing and concurrent electrochemical potential measurements. EAC susceptibility was found to increase across all environments as chloride concentration increased, denoted by a decrease in the threshold stress intensity and faster stage II crack growth rates. However, EAC susceptibility for a given chloride concentration decreased across all chloride concentrations as cathodic limitation due to solution geometry effects increased. These results are analyzed in the context of the proposed anodic dissolution-enabled hydrogen embrittlement mechanism for EAC in Al-Mg alloys. Specifically, the increase in EAC susceptibility noted at higher chloride concentrations is postulated to arise from an increased overpotential for hydrogen production at the crack tip. Conversely, the decrease in EAC susceptibility observed as the solution geometry becomes more restrictive is attributed to cathodic limitation at the bulk surface decreasing dissolution at the crack tip, resulting in a concomitant less aggressive crack chemistry, and thus lower levels of hydrogen production and uptake at the crack tip. A close correlation between the open-circuit potential on the bulk specimen surface and the crack growth kinetics was also observed across all environments and chloride concentrations, with higher chloride concentrations and cathodic limitations resulting in larger changes in electrochemical potential. This correlates well with known electrochemical potential-dependent EAC observations for these alloys.
{"title":"Effect of chloride concentration on the environment-assisted cracking behavior of an Al-Mg alloy in atmospheric environments","authors":"Patrick J. Steiner, Zachary D. Harris, James T. Burns","doi":"10.5006/4279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4279","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of chloride concentration on the environment-assisted cracking (EAC) behavior of AA5083-H131 in atmospheric environments was investigated using high-fidelity fracture mechanics-based testing and concurrent electrochemical potential measurements. EAC susceptibility was found to increase across all environments as chloride concentration increased, denoted by a decrease in the threshold stress intensity and faster stage II crack growth rates. However, EAC susceptibility for a given chloride concentration decreased across all chloride concentrations as cathodic limitation due to solution geometry effects increased. These results are analyzed in the context of the proposed anodic dissolution-enabled hydrogen embrittlement mechanism for EAC in Al-Mg alloys. Specifically, the increase in EAC susceptibility noted at higher chloride concentrations is postulated to arise from an increased overpotential for hydrogen production at the crack tip. Conversely, the decrease in EAC susceptibility observed as the solution geometry becomes more restrictive is attributed to cathodic limitation at the bulk surface decreasing dissolution at the crack tip, resulting in a concomitant less aggressive crack chemistry, and thus lower levels of hydrogen production and uptake at the crack tip. A close correlation between the open-circuit potential on the bulk specimen surface and the crack growth kinetics was also observed across all environments and chloride concentrations, with higher chloride concentrations and cathodic limitations resulting in larger changes in electrochemical potential. This correlates well with known electrochemical potential-dependent EAC observations for these alloys.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K.E. Catledge, G.C. Montiel, M. Nichols, Jenifer S. Locke
AA6xxx Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys are increasingly used to meet lightweight objectives in automotive applications given their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, their use in conjunction with steels and carbon fiber-reinforced polymers in these applications will result in galvanic coupling that may be deleterious to the Al alloy. As such, the ability of anodic polarization to induce stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in AA6xxx, an alloy typically considered SCC-resistant, is explored. In this study, fracture mechanics-based testing under full immersion in 0.6 M NaCl was used to quantify the threshold stress intensity above which SCC can occur (KTH) and stage II SCC crack growth rate (da/dtII) as a function of applied potential at and above the freely corroding potential. Under freely corroding conditions and potentials applied within the range observed for the freely corroding potential, no SCC was observed as results matched those gathered in the air (i.e., KTH was equivalent to the measured fracture toughness). When applying potentials anodic to the freely corroding potential (greater than −706 mVSCE), a decrease in KTH and an increase in da/dtII was observed. Crack growth rates measured under anodic polarizations were slowed through the reapplication of the freely corroding potential. These data imply that galvanic coupling may have the capacity to induce severe SCC in AA6111.
由于具有高强度重量比，AA6xxx Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金越来越多地用于满足汽车应用的轻量化目标。然而，在这些应用中，它们与钢和碳纤维增强聚合物结合使用将导致可能对铝合金有害的电偶联。因此，阳极极化诱导应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的能力在AA6xxx(一种通常被认为是抗SCC的合金)中进行了探索。在本研究中，采用了基于断裂力学的测试方法，在0.6 M NaCl中进行全浸，量化了超过SCC可能发生的阈值应力强度(KTH)和II期SCC裂纹扩展速率(da/dtII)作为自由腐蚀电位及以上的施加电位的函数。在自由腐蚀条件下，在观察到的自由腐蚀电位范围内，没有观察到SCC，因为结果与空气中收集的结果相匹配(即KTH相当于测量的断裂韧性)。当对自由腐蚀电位(大于- 706 mVSCE)施加阳极电位时，观察到KTH下降和da/dtII增加。通过重新应用自由腐蚀电位，在阳极极化下测量的裂纹扩展速率减慢。这些数据表明，电偶联可能有能力在AA6111中诱导严重的SCC。
{"title":"Effect of Anodic Polarization on the Susceptibility of AA6111 Automotive Sheet to Stress Corrosion Cracking","authors":"K.E. Catledge, G.C. Montiel, M. Nichols, Jenifer S. Locke","doi":"10.5006/4314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4314","url":null,"abstract":"AA6xxx Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys are increasingly used to meet lightweight objectives in automotive applications given their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, their use in conjunction with steels and carbon fiber-reinforced polymers in these applications will result in galvanic coupling that may be deleterious to the Al alloy. As such, the ability of anodic polarization to induce stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in AA6xxx, an alloy typically considered SCC-resistant, is explored. In this study, fracture mechanics-based testing under full immersion in 0.6 M NaCl was used to quantify the threshold stress intensity above which SCC can occur (KTH) and stage II SCC crack growth rate (da/dtII) as a function of applied potential at and above the freely corroding potential. Under freely corroding conditions and potentials applied within the range observed for the freely corroding potential, no SCC was observed as results matched those gathered in the air (i.e., KTH was equivalent to the measured fracture toughness). When applying potentials anodic to the freely corroding potential (greater than −706 mVSCE), a decrease in KTH and an increase in da/dtII was observed. Crack growth rates measured under anodic polarizations were slowed through the reapplication of the freely corroding potential. These data imply that galvanic coupling may have the capacity to induce severe SCC in AA6111.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Thinaharan, S.C. Vanithakumari, A. Ravi Shankar, John Philip
Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel is used as steam generator material in prototype fast breeder reactors, owing to its good corrosion resistance, creep, and thermal conductivity characteristics. In the present study, the corrosion behavior of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel in aqueous environments containing various corrosive ions at potentiodynamic polarization conditions is reported. In chloride-exposed samples, randomly distributed dense shallow pits were seen, whereas mixed anions (, Cl−, and ) in fresh water resulted in deeper pits uniformly distributed on the entire surface. Laser Raman spectroscopy studies revealed the formation of Fe-oxides/hydroxides and Cr(VI) species, except in alkaline solution. A very thin film of only Fe-oxides (Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3, and α-Fe2O3) was identified in an OH– ion-dominated solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirm the corroded surfaces comprised of Fe, Cr, and Mo-oxides of varying composition and enrichment of Mo-oxides in alkaline solution. Chloride ions present in the corroded layer influenced the pitting corrosion in neutral chloride and fresh water solutions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed abundant crystalline lepidocrocite with laminar morphology and doughnut-type magnetite together with pits on the samples exposed in neutral chloride and fresh water media.
{"title":"Influence of Anions on the Corrosion Behavior of 9Cr-1Mo Ferritic Steel in Aqueous Media","authors":"C. Thinaharan, S.C. Vanithakumari, A. Ravi Shankar, John Philip","doi":"10.5006/4384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4384","url":null,"abstract":"Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel is used as steam generator material in prototype fast breeder reactors, owing to its good corrosion resistance, creep, and thermal conductivity characteristics. In the present study, the corrosion behavior of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel in aqueous environments containing various corrosive ions at potentiodynamic polarization conditions is reported. In chloride-exposed samples, randomly distributed dense shallow pits were seen, whereas mixed anions (, Cl−, and ) in fresh water resulted in deeper pits uniformly distributed on the entire surface. Laser Raman spectroscopy studies revealed the formation of Fe-oxides/hydroxides and Cr(VI) species, except in alkaline solution. A very thin film of only Fe-oxides (Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3, and α-Fe2O3) was identified in an OH– ion-dominated solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirm the corroded surfaces comprised of Fe, Cr, and Mo-oxides of varying composition and enrichment of Mo-oxides in alkaline solution. Chloride ions present in the corroded layer influenced the pitting corrosion in neutral chloride and fresh water solutions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed abundant crystalline lepidocrocite with laminar morphology and doughnut-type magnetite together with pits on the samples exposed in neutral chloride and fresh water media.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jialu Ouyang, Xixi Wang, Dajiang Zheng, Jian Zhang, Zi Ming Wang
Abstract To understand the role of CO2 in multiphase flow corrosion, the durability of an oil layer attached on steel surface against fluid flows was systematically evaluated. It confirms that CO2 can destabilize the protective oil layer and initiate electrochemical corrosion through the oil layer, showing a solution chemistry governed by flow dependency. The CO2 induced oil layer rupture was attributed to the water droplet actions at the oil/water interface and the steel surface, where the generation of micro-droplets were facilitated by the interactions between the dissolved CO2 and the oil molecules. It gives new insights into the replacement of oil layer by water in CO2 containing multiphase fluids, which benefits many application fields, such as corrosion and lubrication in oil-water mixed environments.
{"title":"Molecular origin of the CO2 enhanced water wetting during corrosion of an oil layer-attached steel surface in water flows","authors":"Jialu Ouyang, Xixi Wang, Dajiang Zheng, Jian Zhang, Zi Ming Wang","doi":"10.5006/4295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4295","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To understand the role of CO2 in multiphase flow corrosion, the durability of an oil layer attached on steel surface against fluid flows was systematically evaluated. It confirms that CO2 can destabilize the protective oil layer and initiate electrochemical corrosion through the oil layer, showing a solution chemistry governed by flow dependency. The CO2 induced oil layer rupture was attributed to the water droplet actions at the oil/water interface and the steel surface, where the generation of micro-droplets were facilitated by the interactions between the dissolved CO2 and the oil molecules. It gives new insights into the replacement of oil layer by water in CO2 containing multiphase fluids, which benefits many application fields, such as corrosion and lubrication in oil-water mixed environments.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135207303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The work identifies the conditions for thermodynamically favored spontaneous metal corrosion using potential-activity diagrams tailored for high-temperature molten fluorides. These diagrams provide insights on the thermodynamic phase stability of both solid and dissolved metal species, such as Cr, Cr(II), Ni, Ni(II), Fe, and Fe(II), along with their potential primary oxidizers, including Eu(III), O2, and HF, over a broad range of theoretical F- anion activities. The work further examines the practical implications, prospects, and challenges associated with construction of these diagrams. The key objective of this research is to pinpoint crucial thermodynamic variables that substantially affect metal corrosion in the context of molten salt nuclear reactor applications.
{"title":"Deciphering when Metal Corrosion is Spontaneous in Molten Fluorides Using Potential-Activity Diagrams","authors":"Ho Lun Chan, John R. Scully","doi":"10.5006/4401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4401","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The work identifies the conditions for thermodynamically favored spontaneous metal corrosion using potential-activity diagrams tailored for high-temperature molten fluorides. These diagrams provide insights on the thermodynamic phase stability of both solid and dissolved metal species, such as Cr, Cr(II), Ni, Ni(II), Fe, and Fe(II), along with their potential primary oxidizers, including Eu(III), O2, and HF, over a broad range of theoretical F- anion activities. The work further examines the practical implications, prospects, and challenges associated with construction of these diagrams. The key objective of this research is to pinpoint crucial thermodynamic variables that substantially affect metal corrosion in the context of molten salt nuclear reactor applications.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135208226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kangkang Zheng, Wei Dai, Donghua Suo, Zhe Fang, Yiming Jiang, Jin Li, Zhiyu Wang, Yangting Sun
This article investigates the pitting resistance of a newly developed Fe-Cr-Mn-N austenitic stainless steel with 0.14 wt% carbon and its counterpart with 0.02 wt% carbon. By using especially hot-rolled bimetal specimens, we focus on the pitting behavior near the interface between the two alloys and demonstrate that solid solution carbon can significantly improve pitting resistance. The alloyed carbon increases the passive film stability, but the more fundamental reason is that carbon suppresses the active dissolution rate of the matrix, thereby inhibiting the kinetics of pitting growth. These results will highlight the use of carbon alloying in austenitic stainless steel to provide more cost-effective materials with improved corrosion resistance and mechanical strength for the construction industry.
{"title":"Toward High Pitting Resistance and Low-Cost Austenitic Stainless Steel: the Role of Carbon Alloying","authors":"Kangkang Zheng, Wei Dai, Donghua Suo, Zhe Fang, Yiming Jiang, Jin Li, Zhiyu Wang, Yangting Sun","doi":"10.5006/4395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4395","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the pitting resistance of a newly developed Fe-Cr-Mn-N austenitic stainless steel with 0.14 wt% carbon and its counterpart with 0.02 wt% carbon. By using especially hot-rolled bimetal specimens, we focus on the pitting behavior near the interface between the two alloys and demonstrate that solid solution carbon can significantly improve pitting resistance. The alloyed carbon increases the passive film stability, but the more fundamental reason is that carbon suppresses the active dissolution rate of the matrix, thereby inhibiting the kinetics of pitting growth. These results will highlight the use of carbon alloying in austenitic stainless steel to provide more cost-effective materials with improved corrosion resistance and mechanical strength for the construction industry.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135207449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT In this study, a corrosion inhibitor suitable for the corrosion inhibition of primary containment vessels at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station is investigated. Considering the internal environment of the primary containment vessels, the corrosion inhibitor should inhibit the freshwater corrosion of carbon steel under irradiation and should not come under effluent standards in Japan. Herein, a corrosion inhibitor was devised by combining Al lactate and Na molybdate that met the above conditions and its corrosion mechanism was investigated. It was found that 0.75 mM Al lactate and 0.25 mM Na molybdate were the most inhibitive to the corrosion of carbon steel. Since Al lactate has never been reported as a corrosion inhibitor for metallic materials, it could be developed as a novel corrosion inhibitor in this study. The corrosion inhibitor inhibited the freshwater corrosion of carbon steel even under gamma irradiation of 200 Gyh−1. Al and molybdate ions in the solution formed a metal cation layer on carbon steel with few defects and without iron. This metal cation layer inhibited both the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction and the anodic iron dissolving reaction, thereby enhancing the corrosion protection of carbon steel in freshwater.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of aluminum lactate and sodium molybdate on freshwater corrosion of carbon steel under irradiation","authors":"Kyohei Otani, Chiaki Kato, Takahiro Igarashi","doi":"10.5006/4386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4386","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, a corrosion inhibitor suitable for the corrosion inhibition of primary containment vessels at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station is investigated. Considering the internal environment of the primary containment vessels, the corrosion inhibitor should inhibit the freshwater corrosion of carbon steel under irradiation and should not come under effluent standards in Japan. Herein, a corrosion inhibitor was devised by combining Al lactate and Na molybdate that met the above conditions and its corrosion mechanism was investigated. It was found that 0.75 mM Al lactate and 0.25 mM Na molybdate were the most inhibitive to the corrosion of carbon steel. Since Al lactate has never been reported as a corrosion inhibitor for metallic materials, it could be developed as a novel corrosion inhibitor in this study. The corrosion inhibitor inhibited the freshwater corrosion of carbon steel even under gamma irradiation of 200 Gyh−1. Al and molybdate ions in the solution formed a metal cation layer on carbon steel with few defects and without iron. This metal cation layer inhibited both the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction and the anodic iron dissolving reaction, thereby enhancing the corrosion protection of carbon steel in freshwater.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135208051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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