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‘KU Gold’: a new yellow-fruit papaya cultivar in Thailand “KU Gold”:泰国黄果木瓜新品种
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332022v22n4c47
K. Thaipong, Wachiraporn Sukakun, Manthana Boonmachay
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引用次数: 0
Callus induction and pro-embryogenic mass formation in Myrciaria dubia , an important medicinal and nutritional plant 重要药用营养植物杜比杨梅愈伤组织的诱导和胚性物质的形成
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332021V21N3A40
M. D. C. D. R. Araújo, E. Chagas, W. Vendrame, M. I. G. Ribeiro, E. A. Moura, Daniel L.L. Taveira, P. C. Chagas, M. Grigio
Abstract: Cacari is a fruit tree that is native to the Amazon region of Brazil. The fruit is considered to have the highest vitamin C content of any edible fruit (13.757 mg 100 g-1 dry weight). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D and 6-BAP alone or in combination on in vitro callus induction and pro-embryogenic mass formation in cacari stem segments in different culture media as a precursor for cacari micropropagation. The experiment consisted of two culture media (MS and WPM) and combinations of four concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1) and BAP (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1). The results showed that the highest percentage of callus formation (99%) was obtained in WPM supplemented with 4 mg L-1, 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 BAP, and this combination resulted in 93% pro-embryogenic mass formation.
摘要:仙人掌是原产于巴西亚马逊地区的一种果树。这种水果被认为是所有可食用水果中维生素C含量最高的(13.757 mg 100 g-1干重)。本研究的目的是评估2,4-D和6-BAP单独或联合使用对不同培养基中仙人掌茎段的体外愈伤组织诱导和原胚性物质形成的影响,作为仙人掌微繁殖的前体。实验由两种培养基(MS和WPM)和四种浓度的2,4-D(0、1、2和4mg L-1)和BAP(0、0.25、0.5和1mg L-1)的组合组成。结果表明,在添加4mg L-1、2,4-D和1mg L-1 BAP的WPM中,愈伤组织的形成率最高(99%),并且这种组合导致93%的胚性前体形成。
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引用次数: 2
NIA-Shaheen (CIM-04-10): A high-yielding, drought-tolerant wheat variety NIA沙欣(CIM-04-10):一个高产、耐旱的小麦品种
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332021V21N2C39
S. Arain, M. A. Sial, K. A. Leghari, M. Faheem, K. D. Jamali
Abstract The wheat variety NIA-Shaheen (CIM-04-10) has high grain yield and modern plant architecture. It has wide adaptability, increased tiller production, bold grains, high starch and protein content, and good tolerance to disease and environmental stresses, particularly water stress. NIA-Shaheen has high yield potential (7184 kg ha-1).
摘要小麦品种NIA-Shaheen (CIM-04-10)具有高产、现代的植株结构。它适应性广,分蘖产量高,籽粒粗壮,淀粉和蛋白质含量高,对疾病和环境胁迫,特别是水分胁迫具有良好的耐受性。NIA-Shaheen具有高产潜力(7184公斤每公顷)。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization and genetic diversity of Coffea canephora accessions in a germplasm bank in Espírito Santo, Brazil 巴西圣托Espírito种质资源库中canephora咖啡的特性和遗传多样性
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332021v21n2a32
M. A. Ferrão, R. F. D. Mendonça, Aymbiré Francisco Almeida Fonseca, R. G. Ferrão, João Felipe de Brites Senra, P. Volpi, Abraão Carlos Verdin Filho, M. Comerio
The state of Espirito Santo is the major producer of Coffea canephora in Brazil. Knowledge of genetic reserves is fundamental to plant breeding. Therefore, the present study characterized and analyzed the genetic diversity of 600 C. canephora accessions from the germplasm bank of Incaper based on 38 traits evaluated in 24-30-month-old plants. Further, the predominant descriptors or traits were identified, and high phenotypic variability was determined. Genetic distances for the grouped (Gower), quantitative, and qualitative datasets were 0.48, 0.61, and 0.92, respectively, with accessions 76 (Conilon) and 407 (Robusta) being the most divergent ones at Incaper. In clustering using the Tocher optimization method, 30 groups were formed, with three accessions introduced from Epamig s Robusta collection being the most dissimilar ones. Graphical dispersion analysis using the principal coordinate method revealed the predominance of three groups formed by the Robusta, Conilon, and hybrid Robusta × Conilon genotypes.
圣埃斯皮里图州是巴西咖啡的主要生产国。遗传储备知识是植物育种的基础。因此,本研究基于24-30个月龄植物的38个性状,对来自Incaper种质库的600份C.canephora材料的遗传多样性进行了表征和分析。此外,鉴定了主要的描述符或性状,并确定了高表型变异性。分组(Gower)、定量和定性数据集的遗传距离分别为0.48、0.61和0.92,其中76号材料(Conilon)和407号材料(Robusta)是Incaper差异最大的材料。在使用Tocher优化方法进行聚类时,形成了30个群体,其中从Epamig的Robusta集合中引入的三份材料是最不相似的。使用主坐标法的图形分散分析揭示了由Robusta、Conilon和杂交Robusta×Conilon基因型形成的三个群体的优势。
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引用次数: 10
Biometry in plant breeding 植物育种中的生物学
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332021v21sa18
C. Cruz, P. Carneiro, L. L. Bhering
Abstract In this manuscript we discuss the purpose and scope of biometry and its interactions, complementation, and even overlap with several other areas of genetics. We emphasize that biometry is an area of genetics that enables researchers to analyze, process, and interpret biological phenomena from data, usually obtained from experimental tests, in an improved way to guide strategies and decision making for optimization of resources. We also highlight the importance of the biometry professional in the context of breeding and the need for continual training, due to new demands for and challenges from inclusion of different types of information for processing and analysis paradigms to better interpret these paradigms.
在这篇文章中,我们讨论了生物计量学的目的和范围,以及它与其他几个遗传学领域的相互作用、互补甚至重叠。我们强调,生物计量学是遗传学的一个领域,它使研究人员能够从通常从实验测试中获得的数据中分析、处理和解释生物现象,以一种改进的方式指导策略和决策,以优化资源。我们还强调了生物测量专业人员在育种背景下的重要性和持续培训的必要性,因为包含不同类型的信息来处理和分析范式以更好地解释这些范式的新需求和挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Recurrent selection in papaya: An effective strategy for the continuous development of new cultivars 番木瓜的重复选择:新品种持续发展的有效策略
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332021v21sa20
M. G. Pereira, Renato Santa‐Catarina
Abstract: Part of the success of a breeding program depends on the composition of the base population. Superior genotypes and unimproved dioecious varieties are sources of genes for traits of interest and excellent options for the formation of segregating populations. Here we describe the first cycle of recurrent selection (RS) in papaya and propose an effective strategy, unprecedented in the crop, to generate variability and new cultivars. Initially, the RS base population (UCP-C0) was developed with wide variability. Subsequently, 196 S1 progenies were obtained, evaluated in a trial, and the superior 40 S1 progenies were recombined. Among the traits of the selected progenies, high fruit yield (producing two to five fruits per axil) stands out. The S1 progenies were recombined and their seed bulk corresponds to the base population for the second cycle (UCP-C1). The results of the first cycle demonstrate the genetic potential of this population for the development of superior cultivars, and the breeding strategy applied is promising.
摘要:育种计划的成功部分取决于基础种群的组成。优良基因型和未改良的雌雄异株品种是感兴趣性状的基因来源,也是形成分离群体的绝佳选择。在这里,我们描述了番木瓜的第一个循环重复选择(RS),并提出了一种有效的策略,这在作物中是前所未有的,以产生变异性和新品种。最初,RS基本群体(UCP-C0)是在具有广泛变异性的情况下发展起来的。随后,获得196个S1子代,在试验中进行评估,并重组优势的40个S1子后代。在所选后代的性状中,高产(每个叶腋产两到五个果实)尤为突出。S1子代被重组,并且它们的种子体积对应于第二个周期(UCP-C1)的基本群体。第一个周期的结果证明了该群体在培育优良品种方面的遗传潜力,所采用的育种策略是有前景的。
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引用次数: 1
Spray-induced gene silencing: an innovative strategy for plant trait improvement and disease control 喷雾诱导基因沉默:植物性状改良和病害控制的创新策略
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332021v21sa24
R. Vetukuri, M. Dubey, P. Kalyandurg, A. Carlsson, S. Whisson, R. Ortiz
Abstract Modern plant breeding is still a time-consuming and costly process, even with the most advanced technologies such as gene editing. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative means for plant trait manipulation and plant protection. RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved cellular mechanism mediated by naturally occurring double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and small RNAs (sRNAs) that can target mRNAs for destruction or transcript reduction. Here, we review the potential of technology based on RNAi, called spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), as an alternative or adjunct to breeding for manipulation of endogenous gene expression in plants or pathogen control. SIGS based on exogenous application of RNA molecules in plants may be especially useful in reducing pest or pathogen impacts, thereby ameliorating biotic stresses and increasing the agronomic performance of crops.
现代植物育种仍然是一个耗时和昂贵的过程,即使有最先进的技术,如基因编辑。因此,迫切需要开发植物性状操纵和植物保护的替代手段。RNA干扰(RNAi)是由天然存在的双链RNA (dsRNA)和小RNA (sRNAs)介导的一种保守的细胞机制,可以靶向mrna进行破坏或转录物减少。在这里,我们回顾了基于RNAi技术的潜力,称为喷雾诱导基因沉默(SIGS),作为一种替代或辅助育种,用于操纵植物内源基因表达或病原体控制。基于外源RNA分子在植物中的应用的SIGS可能在减少害虫或病原体的影响,从而改善生物胁迫和提高作物的农艺性能方面特别有用。
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引用次数: 11
Germplasm enhancement and cultivar development: The need for sustainable breeding 种质改良和品种发展:可持续育种的需要
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332021v21sa17
M. Carena
Abstract: Farmers need sustainable cultivars to increase food supply and value with less production land, animals, and inputs. Next generation plant and animal breeders face climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges. These challenges need to be addressed with opportunities for significant reduction of environmental impact developing cultivars less addicted to fertilizers and soil moisture needs. Sustainable breeding can help balance agriculture with the environment. Sustainable breeders need to integrate long-term pre-breeding activities with cultivar development efforts providing farmers options to comply with environmental regulations. Good choice of germplasm is still the most important decision. The most sophisticated tools will have limited success if poor choices of germplasm are made. Seed companies need capable breeders developing the next generation of sustainable cultivars while public institutions need to mentor sustainable breeders capable to not only broadening and improving unique germplasm but also developing new cultivars carrying desirable traits. Graduates mentored in breeding programs integrating these needs will be selected for industry jobs without need for re-training. Sustainable breeders will need to operate in new breeding centers located in strategic environments for faster genetic improvement ahead of climate changes. Key factors for developing useful and unique sustainable cultivars will be the adaptation of exotic germplasm and the maximization of its genetic improvement before cultivar development through public and private partnerships. Inbreeding, genetic divergence, and reciprocal recurrent selection programs will continue to be essential to purify cultivars and exploit heterosis in economically important species.
摘要:农民需要可持续发展的品种,以更少的生产用地、牲畜和投入增加粮食供应和价值。下一代植物和动物育种者面临适应和减缓气候变化的挑战。应对这些挑战需要有机会显著减少对环境的影响,发展对肥料和土壤水分需求较少的品种。可持续育种有助于平衡农业与环境。可持续育种者需要将长期的育种前活动与品种开发工作结合起来,为农民提供遵守环境法规的选择。优良的种质选择仍然是最重要的决定因素。如果种质选择不当,即使是最复杂的工具也只能取得有限的成功。种子公司需要有能力的育种人员开发下一代可持续品种,而公共机构需要指导可持续育种人员,不仅能够扩大和改进独特的种质,而且能够开发具有理想性状的新品种。在整合这些需求的育种项目中接受指导的毕业生将被选中从事工业工作,而不需要再培训。可持续育种者将需要在战略环境中的新育种中心开展工作,以便在气候变化之前更快地进行遗传改良。培育有用和独特的可持续品种的关键因素将是外来种质的适应和最大限度地进行遗传改良,然后通过公共和私人伙伴关系进行品种开发。近交、遗传分化和相互循环选择计划将继续是纯化栽培品种和利用经济上重要物种的杂种优势所必需的。
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引用次数: 3
Genomics of grain quality in cereals 谷物品质基因组学
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332021v21sa14
R. Henry
Abstract: Rapid advances in genomics are providing the tools to determine the genetic basis of quality (both nutritional and functional) in cereals. This promises to allow increased rates of genetic gain in breeding by reducing the need for extensive end-product testing of new varieties. Many quality traits are the result of relatively recent human selection and are thus likely to be controlled by only a few major genes. This makes identification of these genes for use in breeding selection an attractive target for breeders. Examples of the discovery of genes that are major contributors to key grain quality attributes include, fragrance and cooking temperature in rice (identified by re-sequencing) and loaf volume and milling yield in wheat (identified by transcriptome analysis). Extension of genomic tools to an analysis of the wider gene pool including wild relatives will enable the identification of alleles that may contribute to improved or novel grain quality in the future and may be critical to ensuring quality is retained in a changed climate. Completely new cereal species might be produced.
摘要:基因组学的快速发展为确定谷物质量(包括营养和功能)的遗传基础提供了工具。这有望通过减少对新品种进行广泛最终产品测试的需求,提高育种中的遗传增益率。许多品质性状是相对较新的人类选择的结果,因此可能只受少数主要基因的控制。这使得鉴定这些基因用于育种选择成为育种家的一个有吸引力的目标。发现对关键谷物品质属性有主要贡献的基因的例子包括水稻的香味和烹饪温度(通过重新测序确定)以及小麦的面包体积和碾磨产量(通过转录组分析确定)。将基因组工具扩展到对更广泛的基因库(包括野生亲缘关系)的分析,将有助于识别未来可能有助于改善或新的粮食质量的等位基因,并可能对确保在气候变化中保持质量至关重要。可能会产生全新的谷物品种。
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引用次数: 3
Technical nuances of machine learning: implementation and validation of supervised methods for genomic prediction in plant breeding 机器学习的技术细微差别:植物育种中基因组预测监督方法的实施和验证
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332021v21sa15
A. Xavier
Abstract The decision-making process in plant breeding is driven by data. The machine learning framework has powerful tools that can extract useful information from data. However, there is still a lack of understanding about the underlying algorithms of these methods, their strengths, and pitfalls. Machine learning has two main branches: supervised and unsupervised learning. In plant breeding, supervised learning is used for genomic prediction, where phenotypic traits are modeled as a function of molecular markers. The key supervised learning algorithms for genomic prediction are linear methods, kernel methods, neural networks, and tree ensembles. This manuscript provides an insight into the implementation of these algorithms and how cross-validations can be used to compare methods. Examples for genomic prediction come from plant breeding.
摘要植物育种的决策过程是由数据驱动的。机器学习框架具有强大的工具,可以从数据中提取有用的信息。然而,人们仍然缺乏对这些方法的基本算法、它们的优势和陷阱的了解。机器学习有两个主要分支:有监督学习和无监督学习。在植物育种中,监督学习用于基因组预测,其中表型性状被建模为分子标记的函数。基因组预测的关键监督学习算法是线性方法、核方法、神经网络和树集合。这份手稿深入了解了这些算法的实现,以及如何使用交叉验证来比较方法。基因组预测的例子来自植物育种。
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引用次数: 3
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Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology
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