Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-889
S. H. Chandar, A. Ponselvan, Sakhamuri Veera Vishnu, P. Susmitha, P. Ganesh, K. K. Raju
Genetic variability in plant population is crucial for crop improvement. Induced mutation is one of the potential tools for generating more variability which has been successfully exploited for improving several traits in many crop plants including rice. This research was conducted during kharif 2021 at Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. This study was aimed at determining the selection criteria for M2 generation of rice variety BPT 5204 through genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance analysis. Analysis of variance indicated that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for all the characters (P greater than 0.05 and P greater than 0.01) which revealed that there was considerable genetic variability amongst the material under study. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was significantly higher in magnitude than as usual of genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits under each analysis. High heritability (above 60%) was observed for plant height (75.93%), number of tillers/hill (64.20%), productive tillers/hill (81.54%), sterile grains/plant (92.28%), panicle length (69.49%), flag leaf length (63.29%), flag leaf width (89.77%) and grain yield/hill (68.68%). Genetic advance as per cent of mean was high for traits number of tillers per hill, productive tillers/hill, sterile grains/plant, panicle length, flag leaf length and flag leaf width.
{"title":"Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of EMS induced mutant population in paddy (Oryza sativa) cv. BPT 5204 ","authors":"S. H. Chandar, A. Ponselvan, Sakhamuri Veera Vishnu, P. Susmitha, P. Ganesh, K. K. Raju","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-889","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic variability in plant population is crucial for crop improvement. Induced mutation is one of the potential tools for generating more variability which has been successfully exploited for improving several traits in many crop plants including rice. This research was conducted during kharif 2021 at Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. This study was aimed at determining the selection criteria for M2 generation of rice variety BPT 5204 through genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance analysis. Analysis of variance indicated that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for all the characters (P greater than 0.05 and P greater than 0.01) which revealed that there was considerable genetic variability amongst the material under study. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was significantly higher in magnitude than as usual of genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits under each analysis. High heritability (above 60%) was observed for plant height (75.93%), number of tillers/hill (64.20%), productive tillers/hill (81.54%), sterile grains/plant (92.28%), panicle length (69.49%), flag leaf length (63.29%), flag leaf width (89.77%) and grain yield/hill (68.68%). Genetic advance as per cent of mean was high for traits number of tillers per hill, productive tillers/hill, sterile grains/plant, panicle length, flag leaf length and flag leaf width.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89004499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.892
S. Sudhasha, P. Balabaskar, A. Eswaran
Rice brown spot disease (RBS), caused by seed-borne and air-borne pathogen Bipolaris oryzae, appears throughout the rice growing season. Considering its polycyclic nature and its significance in yield loss, a one-year (2019) aerobiological study was carried out at Thiruthani (13°11′N 79°38′E) village in Thiruvallur district during two seasons viz., kharif (April 2019 to July 2019) and rabi (August 2019-December 2019). B. oryzae airspora contributed to an average of 20.7% annually. Amongst the barren land conditions, it contributed 11.83%, whereas during rabi 32.52% and kharif 18.04%. The average length (range 40.0-129.8) and average breadth (range 13.17-23.92) of B. oryzae spores were used to calculate dvolume (range 20.54-42.03) and aspect ratio (2.29-6.85). The intra-diurnal behaviour pattern indicated that B. oryzae airspora percentage contribution was highest at 12 noon-1 p.m. (55.64%) in rabi crop and two peaks at 10-11 a.m. (19.56%) and at 12 noon-1 p.m. (19.09%) in kharif crop. The calculated correlation coefficient R value revealed that relative humidity (kharif R=0.9879, rabi R=0.9977) and precipitation in kharif (0.9279) were positively correlated, while the temperature in rabi was negatively correlated with the RBS pathogen airspora percentage. Both the airspora percentage contributions of the RBS pathogen and the PDI were highly correlated (R=0.9002 in kharif, R=0.9874 in rabi). In the Step-Down regression analysis, R2 value (regression coefficient) unveiled that relative humidity (R2 value=0.99760 in kharif, 0.9954 in rabi), precipitation (R2=0.8480) and wind speed (R2=0.7319) in kharif, and temperature in rabi (R2=0.8862) had a greater impact on the RBS pathogen airspora per cent contribution. The airspora B. oryzae per cent contribution aggravated disease occurrence and reflected in the PDI (R2 = 0.8103 in kharif, R2=0.9748 in rabi). The calculated P value and OD ratio supported the significance of the experimental results.
{"title":"Aerobiological dynamics of Bipolaris oryzae in the rice agroecosystem and its impact on rice brown spot disease severity ","authors":"S. Sudhasha, P. Balabaskar, A. Eswaran","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.892","url":null,"abstract":"Rice brown spot disease (RBS), caused by seed-borne and air-borne pathogen Bipolaris oryzae, appears throughout the rice growing season. Considering its polycyclic nature and its significance in yield loss, a one-year (2019) aerobiological study was carried out at Thiruthani (13°11′N 79°38′E) village in Thiruvallur district during two seasons viz., kharif (April 2019 to July 2019) and rabi (August 2019-December 2019). B. oryzae airspora contributed to an average of 20.7% annually. Amongst the barren land conditions, it contributed 11.83%, whereas during rabi 32.52% and kharif 18.04%. The average length (range 40.0-129.8) and average breadth (range 13.17-23.92) of B. oryzae spores were used to calculate dvolume (range 20.54-42.03) and aspect ratio (2.29-6.85). The intra-diurnal behaviour pattern indicated that B. oryzae airspora percentage contribution was highest at 12 noon-1 p.m. (55.64%) in rabi crop and two peaks at 10-11 a.m. (19.56%) and at 12 noon-1 p.m. (19.09%) in kharif crop. The calculated correlation coefficient R value revealed that relative humidity (kharif R=0.9879, rabi R=0.9977) and precipitation in kharif (0.9279) were positively correlated, while the temperature in rabi was negatively correlated with the RBS pathogen airspora percentage. Both the airspora percentage contributions of the RBS pathogen and the PDI were highly correlated (R=0.9002 in kharif, R=0.9874 in rabi). In the Step-Down regression analysis, R2 value (regression coefficient) unveiled that relative humidity (R2 value=0.99760 in kharif, 0.9954 in rabi), precipitation (R2=0.8480) and wind speed (R2=0.7319) in kharif, and temperature in rabi (R2=0.8862) had a greater impact on the RBS pathogen airspora per cent contribution. The airspora B. oryzae per cent contribution aggravated disease occurrence and reflected in the PDI (R2 = 0.8103 in kharif, R2=0.9748 in rabi). The calculated P value and OD ratio supported the significance of the experimental results.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82074824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-887
R. Suriya, P. Madhanakumari
The intensive use of inorganic fertilizer in agriculture for ensuring the world food security caused so many health problems and unrecoverable environmental pollution. In view of this context, a study was conducted during two seasons viz., season I (August-November 2021) and season II (January-April 2022) at Karur district, Tamil Nadu, India to study the influences of organic manures and bio-stimulants on the yield and quality parameters of snake gourd. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. Organic manures used for the study were farm yard manure, vermicompost, phosphobacteria applied as basal form and the biostimulants like seaweed extract and effective microorganism were foliar sprayed on three stages i.e. 20, 35 and 50 days after sowing for both the seasons. Among two seasons, the maximum yield and quality parameters were obtained during season I (August to November). Results revealed that the application of vermicompost and seaweed extract along with recommended dosage of fertilizers increased number of fruits/vine (20.32 for season I and 18.05 for season II), single fruit weight (490.26 g for season I and 486.40 g for season II), fruit yield/vine (9.94 kg for season I and 8.88 kg for season II), total soluble solids (2.87 °Brix for season I and 2.83 °Brix for season II), ascorbic acid content (4.76 mg 100/g for season I and 4.70 mg for season II) and reduced crude fibre content (15.94% for season I and 16.53% for season II). The experiment revealed that the yield and quality parameters were highly influenced by the application of vermicompost (5 t/ha) and seaweed extract (3 ml/litre) along with recommended dosage of fertilizers which is an environment friendly option for sustainable agriculture. Among the two seasons tested, season I (Aadi pattam) was found to be the best season when compared to season II.
{"title":"Optimization of yield and quality parameters in snake gourd using integrated nutrient management (Trichosanthes cucumerina L.) ","authors":"R. Suriya, P. Madhanakumari","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-887","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive use of inorganic fertilizer in agriculture for ensuring the world food security caused so many health problems and unrecoverable environmental pollution. In view of this context, a study was conducted during two seasons viz., season I (August-November 2021) and season II (January-April 2022) at Karur district, Tamil Nadu, India to study the influences of organic manures and bio-stimulants on the yield and quality parameters of snake gourd. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. Organic manures used for the study were farm yard manure, vermicompost, phosphobacteria applied as basal form and the biostimulants like seaweed extract and effective microorganism were foliar sprayed on three stages i.e. 20, 35 and 50 days after sowing for both the seasons. Among two seasons, the maximum yield and quality parameters were obtained during season I (August to November). Results revealed that the application of vermicompost and seaweed extract along with recommended dosage of fertilizers increased number of fruits/vine (20.32 for season I and 18.05 for season II), single fruit weight (490.26 g for season I and 486.40 g for season II), fruit yield/vine (9.94 kg for season I and 8.88 kg for season II), total soluble solids (2.87 °Brix for season I and 2.83 °Brix for season II), ascorbic acid content (4.76 mg 100/g for season I and 4.70 mg for season II) and reduced crude fibre content (15.94% for season I and 16.53% for season II). The experiment revealed that the yield and quality parameters were highly influenced by the application of vermicompost (5 t/ha) and seaweed extract (3 ml/litre) along with recommended dosage of fertilizers which is an environment friendly option for sustainable agriculture. Among the two seasons tested, season I (Aadi pattam) was found to be the best season when compared to season II.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74616394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-882
Vijay Kumar, P. ., I. –, R. -, Sahil Kumar
Inorganic fertilizer is an essential component of the modern agricultural system. The overuse of fertilizer brought serious problems to the present and future generations like polluted air, water, soil, degraded lands, depleted soils and increased emissions of greenhouse gases. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers from the last decade in the agricultural system of India showed harmful effects on soil structure, soil microbial diversity, soil texture and water holding capacity of soil. Therefore, the present investigation was an attempt to isolate and identify the most potent PGPR and to check their efficacy for P- solubilization. In total,48 bacterial isolates were isolated from three different sites of Hamirpur district. The total rhizobacterial population on nutrient agar medium harboured the maximum (250x105 CFU/g soil) microbial population at Deotsidh. However, population of PGPR isolates on Pikovskaya’s agar was found highest at site Deotsidh (220x105 CFU/g soil). In case of Jensen’s medium, maximum rhizobacterial populations were found highest at site Deotsidh (200x105 CFU/g soil). In the case of King’s B agar, maximum rhizobacterial population was found at site Deotsidh (230x105 CFU/g soil). Among 48 isolates, 37 isolates were found positive for P-solubilization.
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of potential P- solubilizer rhizobacteria from rhizosphere of wheat (Tritium aestivum) from lower Himalayan zone of Himachal Pradesh ","authors":"Vijay Kumar, P. ., I. –, R. -, Sahil Kumar","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-882","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic fertilizer is an essential component of the modern agricultural system. The overuse of fertilizer brought serious problems to the present and future generations like polluted air, water, soil, degraded lands, depleted soils and increased emissions of greenhouse gases. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers from the last decade in the agricultural system of India showed harmful effects on soil structure, soil microbial diversity, soil texture and water holding capacity of soil. Therefore, the present investigation was an attempt to isolate and identify the most potent PGPR and to check their efficacy for P- solubilization. In total,48 bacterial isolates were isolated from three different sites of Hamirpur district. The total rhizobacterial population on nutrient agar medium harboured the maximum (250x105 CFU/g soil) microbial population at Deotsidh. However, population of PGPR isolates on Pikovskaya’s agar was found highest at site Deotsidh (220x105 CFU/g soil). In case of Jensen’s medium, maximum rhizobacterial populations were found highest at site Deotsidh (200x105 CFU/g soil). In the case of King’s B agar, maximum rhizobacterial population was found at site Deotsidh (230x105 CFU/g soil). Among 48 isolates, 37 isolates were found positive for P-solubilization.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82110680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-881
N. Arumughan, S. A. H. Hussainy, R. Singh, V. Paulpandi
Weeds are a major issue in crop production, accounting for more than 45% of yield loss. As a result, timely and appropriate weed management practices should be used to achieve good crop stand and yield. Knowledge of the major weeds is extremely helpful in selecting appropriate weed management practices. This study was conducted during 2022 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai to identify the major weed flora in the Vayalogam series of Tamil Nadu. Fifteen crops viz., maize, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, barnyard millet, foxtail millet, blackgram, greengram, cowpea, gingelly, groundnut, safflower, cotton, tobacco and sunnhemp were sown and various observations on the weed phytosociological attributes were recorded. The results revealed the major weed flora present and the crop which was least and highly susceptible to weed infestation. Phytosociological attributes of weeds viz., density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency, importance value index and summed dominance ratio, identified Trianthema portulacastrum as the major weed and millets and pulse crop showed greater tolerance to weeds growth due to quicker growth in the Vayalogam soil series of southern Tamil Nadu. Hence, millets and pulses can be grown in these areas with minimum weed management practices.
{"title":" Study on the major gardenland weeds in the Vayalogam soil series of southern Tamil Nadu","authors":"N. Arumughan, S. A. H. Hussainy, R. Singh, V. Paulpandi","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-881","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are a major issue in crop production, accounting for more than 45% of yield loss. As a result, timely and appropriate weed management practices should be used to achieve good crop stand and yield. Knowledge of the major weeds is extremely helpful in selecting appropriate weed management practices. This study was conducted during 2022 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai to identify the major weed flora in the Vayalogam series of Tamil Nadu. Fifteen crops viz., maize, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, barnyard millet, foxtail millet, blackgram, greengram, cowpea, gingelly, groundnut, safflower, cotton, tobacco and sunnhemp were sown and various observations on the weed phytosociological attributes were recorded. The results revealed the major weed flora present and the crop which was least and highly susceptible to weed infestation. Phytosociological attributes of weeds viz., density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency, importance value index and summed dominance ratio, identified Trianthema portulacastrum as the major weed and millets and pulse crop showed greater tolerance to weeds growth due to quicker growth in the Vayalogam soil series of southern Tamil Nadu. Hence, millets and pulses can be grown in these areas with minimum weed management practices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81890908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-883
N. Roshan, S. A. H. Hussainy, R. Singh, V. Paulpandi
Yanaimalai hill in Southern Tamil Nadu is a rocky granite hill having vegetations in the cracks and crevices. The hill absorbs and irradiates heat waves more in summer making vegetation limited. Despite high temperature and erratic weather conditions, certain vegetations survive. A study on identifying the vegetation can pave way for future breeding programmes. Therefore, this study was undertaken during May 22 to June 5, 2022 to identify the vegetation and classify into weeds, shrubs and trees. Fifty sites identified on the mountain slopes and various phytosociological parameters, viz. weed density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, abundance, importance value index and summer dominance ratio were estimated. From the study, it was confirmed that vegetation species such as Cleome viscosa, Tephrosia purpurea, Cymbopogon citratus, Canthium spp., Morinda tinctoria and Wrightia tinctoria were predominant. Based on the findings, the identified species can be used for further genetic study on high temperature and drought tolerance for various breeding programmes.
{"title":"Vegetation analysis on the mountain slopes of Yanaimalai in southern Tamil Nadu ","authors":"N. Roshan, S. A. H. Hussainy, R. Singh, V. Paulpandi","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-883","url":null,"abstract":" Yanaimalai hill in Southern Tamil Nadu is a rocky granite hill having vegetations in the cracks and crevices. The hill absorbs and irradiates heat waves more in summer making vegetation limited. Despite high temperature and erratic weather conditions, certain vegetations survive. A study on identifying the vegetation can pave way for future breeding programmes. Therefore, this study was undertaken during May 22 to June 5, 2022 to identify the vegetation and classify into weeds, shrubs and trees. Fifty sites identified on the mountain slopes and various phytosociological parameters, viz. weed density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, abundance, importance value index and summer dominance ratio were estimated. From the study, it was confirmed that vegetation species such as Cleome viscosa, Tephrosia purpurea, Cymbopogon citratus, Canthium spp., Morinda tinctoria and Wrightia tinctoria were predominant. Based on the findings, the identified species can be used for further genetic study on high temperature and drought tolerance for various breeding programmes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74521451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-884
R. H., A. K. Chaurasiya
Perishability is a major problem in highly nutritional fruits like aonla and blood fruit and moreover, the fresh consumption of these fruits is less for which consumption as fermented beverages is a right choice. Therefore, investigation was conducted at the Horticulture department laboratory, North-Eastern Hills University, Tura Campus, Meghalaya during 2019-20 with a view to analyze the nutritional characteristics and sensory parameters during aging process of fermented beverage. The experiment was carried out by blending different proportions of blood fruit and aonla with two sugar sources(palm and cane jaggery) and laid out in factorial completely randomized design with three replications and 11 treatments. From the investigation, it was observed that there was decrease in TSS, total sugar, anthocyanin and b-carotene, while ethyl alcohol, titratable acidity and sensory evaluation score increased after six months of storage in ambient temperature. Maximum ethyl alcohol and sensory score were observed by blending blood fruit: aonla (70:30%) with 20°B palm jaggery, maximum anthocyanin in 100% blood fruit with 20°B cane jaggery, maximum b-carotene in 100% aonla with 20°B palm jaggery, highest ascorbic acid and titratable acidity in 100% aonla with 20°B palm jaggery. At the end of aging, the wine prepared using cane jaggery had better retention of anthocyanin and b-carotene than fermented beverages prepared using palm jaggery. From the present study, it can be concluded that blood fruit and aonla can be used for production of rich extremely palatable fermented beverages using palm and cane jaggery, thus, provide an avenue to preserve nutrients and vitamins of the fruits during peak season and add variety to the drinks.
{"title":"Influence of maturation on the nutrient retention and sensory evaluation of fermented beverages developed from blood fruit (Haematocarpus validus) and aonla (Emblica officinalis) ","authors":"R. H., A. K. Chaurasiya","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-884","url":null,"abstract":"Perishability is a major problem in highly nutritional fruits like aonla and blood fruit and moreover, the fresh consumption of these fruits is less for which consumption as fermented beverages is a right choice. Therefore, investigation was conducted at the Horticulture department laboratory, North-Eastern Hills University, Tura Campus, Meghalaya during 2019-20 with a view to analyze the nutritional characteristics and sensory parameters during aging process of fermented beverage. The experiment was carried out by blending different proportions of blood fruit and aonla with two sugar sources(palm and cane jaggery) and laid out in factorial completely randomized design with three replications and 11 treatments. From the investigation, it was observed that there was decrease in TSS, total sugar, anthocyanin and b-carotene, while ethyl alcohol, titratable acidity and sensory evaluation score increased after six months of storage in ambient temperature. Maximum ethyl alcohol and sensory score were observed by blending blood fruit: aonla (70:30%) with 20°B palm jaggery, maximum anthocyanin in 100% blood fruit with 20°B cane jaggery, maximum b-carotene in 100% aonla with 20°B palm jaggery, highest ascorbic acid and titratable acidity in 100% aonla with 20°B palm jaggery. At the end of aging, the wine prepared using cane jaggery had better retention of anthocyanin and b-carotene than fermented beverages prepared using palm jaggery. From the present study, it can be concluded that blood fruit and aonla can be used for production of rich extremely palatable fermented beverages using palm and cane jaggery, thus, provide an avenue to preserve nutrients and vitamins of the fruits during peak season and add variety to the drinks.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91080901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-876
S. Devi, G. Sivakumar
Rice is the major staple food of Asia. Non-judicious and imbalanced application of chemical fertilizers not only depletes the native soil nutrient reserve but also causes severe environmental damages viz. greenhouse gas emission, acidification, eutrophication, etc., posing a serious threat to sustainability of rice production. Integrated application of organic manures and chemical fertilizer could be the best option to overcome the adverse impacts associated with the use of chemical fertilizer alone. Hence, the complimentary role of organics as supplements to chemical fertilizers is important for keeping the soil health in order to harness the potential yield in rice. Therefore, field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar during the cropping year of 2020-21 to find out the effect of integrated nutrient management involving inorganic manures along with organic manures viz., vermicompost, pressmud compost, poultry manure compost, goat manure compost, coirpith compost, bone sludge compost and sewage sludge compost on the growth and yield of rice. The results of the experiment revealed that among the integrated nutrient management practices, application of vermicompost @ 5 t/ha along with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (T2) excelled all treatments and gave significantly higher grain yield of 5792 kg/ha when compared to other treatments. Considering the results of the present investigation, it can be concluded that integrated application of vermicompost @ 5 t/ha along with 100% recommended dose of NPK registered highest values in growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of rice.
{"title":"Impact of integrated nutrient management in increasing the yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"S. Devi, G. Sivakumar","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-876","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the major staple food of Asia. Non-judicious and imbalanced application of chemical fertilizers not only depletes the native soil nutrient reserve but also causes severe environmental damages viz. greenhouse gas emission, acidification, eutrophication, etc., posing a serious threat to sustainability of rice production. Integrated application of organic manures and chemical fertilizer could be the best option to overcome the adverse impacts associated with the use of chemical fertilizer alone. Hence, the complimentary role of organics as supplements to chemical fertilizers is important for keeping the soil health in order to harness the potential yield in rice. Therefore, field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar during the cropping year of 2020-21 to find out the effect of integrated nutrient management involving inorganic manures along with organic manures viz., vermicompost, pressmud compost, poultry manure compost, goat manure compost, coirpith compost, bone sludge compost and sewage sludge compost on the growth and yield of rice. The results of the experiment revealed that among the integrated nutrient management practices, application of vermicompost @ 5 t/ha along with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (T2) excelled all treatments and gave significantly higher grain yield of 5792 kg/ha when compared to other treatments. Considering the results of the present investigation, it can be concluded that integrated application of vermicompost @ 5 t/ha along with 100% recommended dose of NPK registered highest values in growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of rice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78065871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-877
Gudapati Ashoka Chakravarthy, M. Thiruppathi, S. Kandasamy, K. Dhanasekaran
One of the crucial variables that affects the growth and yield of the maize crop is soil moisture. Soil mulching and foliar nutrition are significantly impacted by the absence of moisture in the soil, which has a favourable impact on the growth and yield of the crops. With this background, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2020 at Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to maximize the productivity and profitability of maize by adopting various soil moisture conservation techniques and foliar fertilization. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The experiment consisted of two factors comprising soil moisture conservation techniques viz., sugarcane trash, water hyacinth, hydrogel and control (no mulch plot), and foliar nutrient management practice at both knee high and tasseling stages using 19 : 19 : 19 1%, DAP 1%+MOP 1%, PPFM (Pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs) 1%, 19 : 19 : 19 1%+PPFM 1%, DAP 1%+MOP 1%+PPFM 1% and control (no foliar nutrition). Among the soil moisture conservation techniques, the results indicated that mulching with water hyacinth registered significantly higher yield parameters, yield and economic returns than other techniques. With regards to foliar nutrients, foliar application of DAP 1%+MOP 1%+PPFM 1% (F6) exhibited higher yield parameters, yield and economic returns than other foliar nutrient treatments. Therefore, integration of soil moisture conservation techniques and foliar nutrients, mulching with water hyacinth and foliar application of DAP 1%+MOP 1%+PPFM 1% (M3F6) significantly produced higher yield parameters, yield and economic benefits in maize cultivation.
{"title":"Effect of soil moisture conservation practices and foliar fertilization on the performance of hybrid maize (Zea mays) under Cauvery Delta Zone of India ","authors":"Gudapati Ashoka Chakravarthy, M. Thiruppathi, S. Kandasamy, K. Dhanasekaran","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-877","url":null,"abstract":"One of the crucial variables that affects the growth and yield of the maize crop is soil moisture. Soil mulching and foliar nutrition are significantly impacted by the absence of moisture in the soil, which has a favourable impact on the growth and yield of the crops. With this background, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2020 at Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to maximize the productivity and profitability of maize by adopting various soil moisture conservation techniques and foliar fertilization. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The experiment consisted of two factors comprising soil moisture conservation techniques viz., sugarcane trash, water hyacinth, hydrogel and control (no mulch plot), and foliar nutrient management practice at both knee high and tasseling stages using 19 : 19 : 19 1%, DAP 1%+MOP 1%, PPFM (Pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs) 1%, 19 : 19 : 19 1%+PPFM 1%, DAP 1%+MOP 1%+PPFM 1% and control (no foliar nutrition). Among the soil moisture conservation techniques, the results indicated that mulching with water hyacinth registered significantly higher yield parameters, yield and economic returns than other techniques. With regards to foliar nutrients, foliar application of DAP 1%+MOP 1%+PPFM 1% (F6) exhibited higher yield parameters, yield and economic returns than other foliar nutrient treatments. Therefore, integration of soil moisture conservation techniques and foliar nutrients, mulching with water hyacinth and foliar application of DAP 1%+MOP 1%+PPFM 1% (M3F6) significantly produced higher yield parameters, yield and economic benefits in maize cultivation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86167519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-879
Maheswara Reddy Bada, S. Elankavi, G. Baradhan, K. Muthuselvam
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world's most adaptable and rapidly growing food crop. Weed infestation is a major issue in maize, particularly during the early stages of growth, so weed control is critical to reducing competition with the maize crop. Therefore, a field experiment was undertaken in farmer's field at Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, during March- June 2021 to determine the impact of various weed management strategies on weed dynamics and yield of maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and nine treatments viz., atrazine, topramezone, tembotrione, halo sulfuron methyl and hand weeding. According to findings, hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS had the best weed control efficiency and highest grain yield (6.73 t/ha) but it was comparable to atrazine (P. E.) @ 1 kg a.i /ha on 3 DAS+Topramezone (PoE) @ 36.5 g a.i./ha on 18 DAS (6.63 t/ha) and atrazine (P. E.) @ 1 kg a.i./ha on 3 DAS+Tembotrione (PoE) @ 120 g a.i./ha on 18 DAS (6.55 t/ha). Based on the results of the experiments, we conclude that sequential application of pre- and post-emergence herbicides resulted in the highest weed control efficiency and grain yield, as hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS is cumbersome and expensive.
玉米(Zea mays L.)是世界上适应性最强、生长最快的粮食作物。杂草侵扰是玉米的主要问题，特别是在生长的早期阶段，因此杂草控制对减少与玉米作物的竞争至关重要。因此，研究人员于2021年3月至6月在泰米尔纳德邦奇丹巴拉姆的农民田间进行了一项田间试验，以确定各种杂草管理策略对玉米杂草动态和产量的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，3个重复，9个处理，分别为阿特拉津、托拉米宗、替博曲龙、甲基磺隆和手除草。结果表明，在15和30 DAS进行两次手除草，除草效果最好，籽粒产量最高(6.73 t/ha)，但与阿特拉津(p.e.) @ 1 kg a.i./ha (3 DAS) +Topramezone (PoE) @ 36.5 g a.i./ha (6.63 t/ha)和阿特拉津(p.e.) @ 1 kg a.i./ha (3 DAS) +腾博trione (PoE) @ 120 g a.i./ha (18 DAS) (6.55 t/ha)相当。基于试验结果，我们得出结论，出苗期前和出苗期后连续施用除草剂具有最高的杂草控制效率和籽粒产量，因为在15和30 DAS时进行两次手动除草既麻烦又昂贵。
{"title":"Evaluation of weed management practices on weed dynamics and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) ","authors":"Maheswara Reddy Bada, S. Elankavi, G. Baradhan, K. Muthuselvam","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-879","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world's most adaptable and rapidly growing food crop. Weed infestation is a major issue in maize, particularly during the early stages of growth, so weed control is critical to reducing competition with the maize crop. Therefore, a field experiment was undertaken in farmer's field at Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, during March- June 2021 to determine the impact of various weed management strategies on weed dynamics and yield of maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and nine treatments viz., atrazine, topramezone, tembotrione, halo sulfuron methyl and hand weeding. According to findings, hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS had the best weed control efficiency and highest grain yield (6.73 t/ha) but it was comparable to atrazine (P. E.) @ 1 kg a.i /ha on 3 DAS+Topramezone (PoE) @ 36.5 g a.i./ha on 18 DAS (6.63 t/ha) and atrazine (P. E.) @ 1 kg a.i./ha on 3 DAS+Tembotrione (PoE) @ 120 g a.i./ha on 18 DAS (6.55 t/ha). Based on the results of the experiments, we conclude that sequential application of pre- and post-emergence herbicides resulted in the highest weed control efficiency and grain yield, as hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS is cumbersome and expensive.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86735992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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