Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-834
G. Baradhan, M. Saranya, S. S. Kumar, R. Immanuel, G. S. Rao
Maize (Zea mays L.) becoming very popular cereal crop in India because of high production potential of hybrid varieties and it requires heavy doses of fertilizers. But the excessive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers has damaged the soil health, at the same time, the sole use of organic manure cannot compensate the produce obtained by inorganic application. Hence, it is important to reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers and supplementing the same through organic manures. Therefore, field experiment was conducted in Experimental Farm of Annamalai University during 2020 to evaluate the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers with different sources of organic manures on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake in hybrid maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments viz., 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF + Seaweed granules @ 20 kg/ha, 100% RDF + Pressmud granules @ 125 kg/ha, 100% RDF + Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha, 100% RDF + Urban waste compost @ 10 t/ha, 75% RDF + Seaweed granules @ 20 kg/ha, 75% RDF + Pressmud granules @ 125 kg/ha, 75% RDF + Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha, 75% RDF + Urban waste compost @ 10 t/ha and replicated thrice. The results revealed that plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, grain and stover yield and benefit : cost ratio were favourably influenced by the application of 100% RDF+Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha. In nutrient status, uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus was found to be significantly higher with application of 100% RDF+Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha, whereas potassium uptake was higher under application of 100% RDF+Pressmud granules @ 125 kg/ha. Thus, for achieving higher productivity, integrated application of 100% RDF with poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha may be preferred to the hybrid maize cultivating farmers.
{"title":"Effect of integration of chemical fertilizers with organic manures on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) ","authors":"G. Baradhan, M. Saranya, S. S. Kumar, R. Immanuel, G. S. Rao","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-834","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) becoming very popular cereal crop in India because of high production potential of hybrid varieties and it requires heavy doses of fertilizers. But the excessive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers has damaged the soil health, at the same time, the sole use of organic manure cannot compensate the produce obtained by inorganic application. Hence, it is important to reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers and supplementing the same through organic manures. Therefore, field experiment was conducted in Experimental Farm of Annamalai University during 2020 to evaluate the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers with different sources of organic manures on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake in hybrid maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments viz., 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF + Seaweed granules @ 20 kg/ha, 100% RDF + Pressmud granules @ 125 kg/ha, 100% RDF + Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha, 100% RDF + Urban waste compost @ 10 t/ha, 75% RDF + Seaweed granules @ 20 kg/ha, 75% RDF + Pressmud granules @ 125 kg/ha, 75% RDF + Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha, 75% RDF + Urban waste compost @ 10 t/ha and replicated thrice. The results revealed that plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, grain and stover yield and benefit : cost ratio were favourably influenced by the application of 100% RDF+Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha. In nutrient status, uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus was found to be significantly higher with application of 100% RDF+Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha, whereas potassium uptake was higher under application of 100% RDF+Pressmud granules @ 125 kg/ha. Thus, for achieving higher productivity, integrated application of 100% RDF with poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha may be preferred to the hybrid maize cultivating farmers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76663480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-874
R. Suganya, S. S. Kumar, G. Baradhan
Weeds are the main yield limiting factor that can potentially reduce crop yields and is one of the main constraints in the larger scale implementation of direct seeded rice. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted at Periyanarkunam during Navarai 2021 to study the efficacy of new generation herbicidal combination for weed management in direct seeded rice. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with main plot treatments comprised of three direct seeded rice establishment methods viz., dry seeded, drum seeded and manual wet seeded rice. The sub-treatments were nine weed management practices with combination of herbicides with hand weeding viz., Pre-emergence application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6%+pretilachlor 6% GR @ 10 kg/ha on 8 DAS (Days after sowing), early post- emergence application of triafamone 20%+ethoxysulfuron 10% WG @ 200 g/ha on 12 DAS, post-emergence application of metsulfuron methyl 10%+chlorimuron ethyl 10% @ 20 g/ha on 25 DAS, twice hand weeding on 25 and 45 DAS and un-weeded check. Among the main treatments, drum seeded rice recorded lower weed population and dry matter production, higher weed control efficiency, weed control index, crop resistance index and herbicide efficiency index and higher grain yield which was at par with manual wet seeded rice. Regarding the weed management practices evaluated pre-emergence application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6%+pretilachlor 6% GR @ 10 kg/ha on 8 DAS fb (followed by) post-emergence application of metsulfuron methyl 10%+chlorimuron ethyl 10% @ 20 g/ha on 25 DAS fb hand weeding on 45 DAS (S8) registered lower weed population, dry matter and higher yield compared to unweeded check. Hence, drum seeded rice coupled with pre-emergence application on 8 DAS fb post-emergence application on 25 DAS fb hand weeding on 45 DAS (M2S8) is an economically feasible method for effective control of weeds.
杂草是可能降低作物产量的主要产量限制因素，也是大规模实施直接播种水稻的主要制约因素之一。因此，本试验在Navarai 2021期间在Periyanarkunam进行，研究新一代除草剂组合对直播水稻杂草管理的效果。试验采用3次重复的分割小区设计，主要小区处理包括3种直接播种法，即干播、鼓播和手工湿播水稻。分处理为9种除草剂与手除草相结合的杂草管理措施，即:苗期前施用甲基苯磺隆0.6%+苯甲草胺6% GR @ 10 kg/ha, 8日(播种后)，苗期早期施用曲曲霉酮20%+乙氧基磺隆10% WG @ 200 g/ha, 12日(播种后)，苗期后施用甲基甲磺隆10%+乙基氯脲10% @ 20 g/ha, 25日(播种后)，两次手除草25日和45日(播种后)和未除草检查。在主要处理中，套筒播种水稻的杂草数量和干物质产量较低，杂草防治效率、杂草防治指数、作物抗性指数和除草剂效率指数较高，籽粒产量与人工湿播水稻相当。在杂草管理方面，评估了苗期前在8株DAS fb上施用甲基苯磺隆0.6%+甲酰草胺6% GR @ 10 kg/ha(其次是苗期后在25株DAS fb上施用甲基甲磺隆10%+乙基氯脲10% @ 20 g/ha)与未除草相比，在45株DAS (S8)上进行手动除草，发现杂草数量、干物质和产量均较低。因此，稻筒播种配合苗期前施用8 DAS fb，苗期后施用25 DAS fb，手除草45 DAS (M2S8)是一种经济可行的有效防治杂草的方法。
{"title":"Efficacy of new generation herbicidal combination for weed management in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"R. Suganya, S. S. Kumar, G. Baradhan","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-874","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are the main yield limiting factor that can potentially reduce crop yields and is one of the main constraints in the larger scale implementation of direct seeded rice. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted at Periyanarkunam during Navarai 2021 to study the efficacy of new generation herbicidal combination for weed management in direct seeded rice. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with main plot treatments comprised of three direct seeded rice establishment methods viz., dry seeded, drum seeded and manual wet seeded rice. The sub-treatments were nine weed management practices with combination of herbicides with hand weeding viz., Pre-emergence application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6%+pretilachlor 6% GR @ 10 kg/ha on 8 DAS (Days after sowing), early post- emergence application of triafamone 20%+ethoxysulfuron 10% WG @ 200 g/ha on 12 DAS, post-emergence application of metsulfuron methyl 10%+chlorimuron ethyl 10% @ 20 g/ha on 25 DAS, twice hand weeding on 25 and 45 DAS and un-weeded check. Among the main treatments, drum seeded rice recorded lower weed population and dry matter production, higher weed control efficiency, weed control index, crop resistance index and herbicide efficiency index and higher grain yield which was at par with manual wet seeded rice. Regarding the weed management practices evaluated pre-emergence application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6%+pretilachlor 6% GR @ 10 kg/ha on 8 DAS fb (followed by) post-emergence application of metsulfuron methyl 10%+chlorimuron ethyl 10% @ 20 g/ha on 25 DAS fb hand weeding on 45 DAS (S8) registered lower weed population, dry matter and higher yield compared to unweeded check. Hence, drum seeded rice coupled with pre-emergence application on 8 DAS fb post-emergence application on 25 DAS fb hand weeding on 45 DAS (M2S8) is an economically feasible method for effective control of weeds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82551421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-875
Challa Venkata Nitesh Reddy, S. A. H. Hussainy, R. Singh, V. Paulpandi
Rice is the staple cereal crop of India as well as Tamil Nadu. Consumers tend to prefer local cultivars and landraces of rice which have region-specific importance. Chinnar is such a local landrace of rice that is preferred by the consumers of Madurai because of its nutritional quality. Like other cultivars, Chinnar responds to added nutrients for enhancement of growth. Integrated nutrient management (INM) is one of the suitable options in crop and soil health management where inorganic and organic sources of nutrients are used. This study was carried out during 2022 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai to evaluate the influence of INM on the growth of the Chinnar landrace of rice. Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with respect to inorganic nutrient sources viz., fertilizers (Urea, SSP and MOP) @ 50% and the remaining with organic manures through poultry manure, goat manure, farm yard manure, enriched farm yard manure and vermicompost were applied as per nitrogen equivalent basis. Results revealed higher leaf area index, chlorophyll content of Chinnar at various stages of growth phase. Thus, from the study, it is concluded that INM can be preferred to obtain higher growth attributes of Chinnar rice in Madurai conditions of Tamil Nadu.
{"title":"Influence of integrated nutrient management on the physiology of Chinnar ‘a local land race’ of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Challa Venkata Nitesh Reddy, S. A. H. Hussainy, R. Singh, V. Paulpandi","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-875","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the staple cereal crop of India as well as Tamil Nadu. Consumers tend to prefer local cultivars and landraces of rice which have region-specific importance. Chinnar is such a local landrace of rice that is preferred by the consumers of Madurai because of its nutritional quality. Like other cultivars, Chinnar responds to added nutrients for enhancement of growth. Integrated nutrient management (INM) is one of the suitable options in crop and soil health management where inorganic and organic sources of nutrients are used. This study was carried out during 2022 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai to evaluate the influence of INM on the growth of the Chinnar landrace of rice. Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with respect to inorganic nutrient sources viz., fertilizers (Urea, SSP and MOP) @ 50% and the remaining with organic manures through poultry manure, goat manure, farm yard manure, enriched farm yard manure and vermicompost were applied as per nitrogen equivalent basis. Results revealed higher leaf area index, chlorophyll content of Chinnar at various stages of growth phase. Thus, from the study, it is concluded that INM can be preferred to obtain higher growth attributes of Chinnar rice in Madurai conditions of Tamil Nadu.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89144950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-878
Mayanglambam Sanjit Singh, Chowlani Manpoong
Formulating optimum quantity of nitrogen fertilization is highly necessary to attain higher yields in maize. As per soil fertility, the right dosage has to be formulated for each region with consciousness on the soil and environmental health. A field experiment was conducted during 2018-19 under mild tropical plain agroclimatic conditions of Arunachal Pradesh, India to investigate the effect of different nitrogen doses on growth and yield of maize. The experiment was laid out under randomized block design with five replicated plots for each treatment. The nitrogen through urea was supplied with different doses of 0, 100, 120, 150 and 180 kg/ha. The crop was evaluated for plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, number of kernels per cob, number of rows per cob, and total grain yield. The results revealed that the variables such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, number of kernels per cob, number of rows per cob and total grain yield were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by the different levels of nitrogen doses. Number of leaves, leaf length and crop yield were highest in 180 kg/ha (nitrogen dose), while lowest in control which significantly increased with higher nitrogen doses. This result showed that nitrogen with higher doses was more effective than low doses for maize crop. Nitrogen fertilization at 180 kg/ha exerted a significantly higher and positive effect on maize growth and can be recommended for the region.
{"title":"Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different nitrogen doses under the mild tropical plain agroclimatic zone of North-East India","authors":"Mayanglambam Sanjit Singh, Chowlani Manpoong","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-878","url":null,"abstract":"Formulating optimum quantity of nitrogen fertilization is highly necessary to attain higher yields in maize. As per soil fertility, the right dosage has to be formulated for each region with consciousness on the soil and environmental health. A field experiment was conducted during 2018-19 under mild tropical plain agroclimatic conditions of Arunachal Pradesh, India to investigate the effect of different nitrogen doses on growth and yield of maize. The experiment was laid out under randomized block design with five replicated plots for each treatment. The nitrogen through urea was supplied with different doses of 0, 100, 120, 150 and 180 kg/ha. The crop was evaluated for plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, number of kernels per cob, number of rows per cob, and total grain yield. The results revealed that the variables such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, number of kernels per cob, number of rows per cob and total grain yield were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by the different levels of nitrogen doses. Number of leaves, leaf length and crop yield were highest in 180 kg/ha (nitrogen dose), while lowest in control which significantly increased with higher nitrogen doses. This result showed that nitrogen with higher doses was more effective than low doses for maize crop. Nitrogen fertilization at 180 kg/ha exerted a significantly higher and positive effect on maize growth and can be recommended for the region.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78307300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-880
P. Elakkiyapriya, M. Meyyappan, P. Sudhakar, A. Angayarkanni
A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2021 with a view to find out a suitable weed management practice for sesamum by excluding commonly used herbicides and including botanical herbicides along with hand weeding. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 10 treatments and was replicated thrice. The treatments included one pre-emergence herbicide metribuzin at two levels, one early post- emergence herbicide imazethapyr and one post-emergence herbicide quizalofop ethyl and were applied individually and in sequence along with HW. Two plant products Ageratum conizoides and Ocimum sanctum were tried each at two levels along with HW. These treatments were compared with twice HW and unweeded control. Among the treatments, the least weed density (9.92, 9.88), weed DMP (4.96, 13.54 g/m2), highest grain yield (684 kg/ha) and stalk yield (2069 kg/ha) were recorded in pre-emergence application of metribuzin @ 100 g a.i./ha on 3 DAS+Early post-emergence application of imazethapyr @ 30 g a.i./ha on 10 DAS+HW on 20 DAS. Further, this treatment gave the highest BCR of 2.46. Treatments involving herbicides fb HW were better than plant products fb HW treatments in terms of weed density and yield.
在2021年夏季进行了田间试验，通过排除常用除草剂，采用植物除草剂和人工除草，找出适合芝麻杂草管理的做法。试验采用随机区组设计，共10个处理，重复3次。苗期前除草剂甲曲霉嗪、苗期后除草剂吡唑乙酯和苗期后除草剂吡曲霉乙酯分别为2个水平，按不同剂量和不同顺序施用。两种植物产品荆刺和荆刺随HW分别在两个水平上进行试验。这些处理与两次高施和未除草对照进行了比较。拔苗期前施用100 g a.i./ha 3个DAS+拔苗期早期施用30 g a.i./ha 10个DAS+HW 20个DAS的处理，杂草密度最低(9.92、9.88)，杂草DMP分别为4.96、13.54 g/ha，籽粒产量最高(684 kg/ha)，茎秆产量最高(2069 kg/ha)。该处理的BCR最高，为2.46。在杂草密度和产量方面，除草剂和除草剂处理均优于植物产品和除草剂处理。
{"title":"Yield enhancement in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) var. TMV 7 through weed management practices ","authors":"P. Elakkiyapriya, M. Meyyappan, P. Sudhakar, A. Angayarkanni","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-880","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2021 with a view to find out a suitable weed management practice for sesamum by excluding commonly used herbicides and including botanical herbicides along with hand weeding. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 10 treatments and was replicated thrice. The treatments included one pre-emergence herbicide metribuzin at two levels, one early post- emergence herbicide imazethapyr and one post-emergence herbicide quizalofop ethyl and were applied individually and in sequence along with HW. Two plant products Ageratum conizoides and Ocimum sanctum were tried each at two levels along with HW. These treatments were compared with twice HW and unweeded control. Among the treatments, the least weed density (9.92, 9.88), weed DMP (4.96, 13.54 g/m2), highest grain yield (684 kg/ha) and stalk yield (2069 kg/ha) were recorded in pre-emergence application of metribuzin @ 100 g a.i./ha on 3 DAS+Early post-emergence application of imazethapyr @ 30 g a.i./ha on 10 DAS+HW on 20 DAS. Further, this treatment gave the highest BCR of 2.46. Treatments involving herbicides fb HW were better than plant products fb HW treatments in terms of weed density and yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76307142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-873
Sai Kumar Midde, M. Perumal, G. Murugan, R. Sudhagar
Currently, conventional fertilizers are used in large quantities to deliver nutrients to crops in India. It may result in soil health decline and fertilizer waste. Different techniques, such as nano fertilizers, are required to address this issue. Therefore, a field experiment was laid out in a farmer's field in the Chidambaram block during the kuruvai season of 2021-22 to determine the "Performance of different sources of nitrogen under different establishment methods of rice." The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design, which included three methods of crop establishment viz., mechanical transplanting, the system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional transplanting in the main plot, and five nitrogen management methods viz., 100% RDN through urea, 100% RDN through vermicompost, 50% RDN through urea+50% RDN through nano urea, 50% RDN through vermicompost + 50% RDN through nano urea, and 100% RDN through nano urea in sub-plot replicated thrice. The experiment findings demonstrated that among the establishment techniques and nitrogen management practices tested, the system of rice intensification and application of 50% inorganic nitrogen in combination with 50% nano nitrogen was the most productive in terms of plant height (90.29 ,105.39 cm), number of tillers/m2 (337.39, 403.15), dry matter production (10135, 12331 kg/ha) and crop growth rate (10.35, 12.41 g/m2/day) resulting in higher grain (4794, 5972 kg/ha) and straw yield (7216, 8692 kg/ha). Nano fertilizer application promoted the growth and development activity in rice and demonstrated the potential to improve crop production and plant nutrition.
{"title":"Performance of different sources of nitrogen under different establishment methods of rice (Oryza sativa ","authors":"Sai Kumar Midde, M. Perumal, G. Murugan, R. Sudhagar","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-873","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, conventional fertilizers are used in large quantities to deliver nutrients to crops in India. It may result in soil health decline and fertilizer waste. Different techniques, such as nano fertilizers, are required to address this issue. Therefore, a field experiment was laid out in a farmer's field in the Chidambaram block during the kuruvai season of 2021-22 to determine the \"Performance of different sources of nitrogen under different establishment methods of rice.\" The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design, which included three methods of crop establishment viz., mechanical transplanting, the system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional transplanting in the main plot, and five nitrogen management methods viz., 100% RDN through urea, 100% RDN through vermicompost, 50% RDN through urea+50% RDN through nano urea, 50% RDN through vermicompost + 50% RDN through nano urea, and 100% RDN through nano urea in sub-plot replicated thrice. The experiment findings demonstrated that among the establishment techniques and nitrogen management practices tested, the system of rice intensification and application of 50% inorganic nitrogen in combination with 50% nano nitrogen was the most productive in terms of plant height (90.29 ,105.39 cm), number of tillers/m2 (337.39, 403.15), dry matter production (10135, 12331 kg/ha) and crop growth rate (10.35, 12.41 g/m2/day) resulting in higher grain (4794, 5972 kg/ha) and straw yield (7216, 8692 kg/ha). Nano fertilizer application promoted the growth and development activity in rice and demonstrated the potential to improve crop production and plant nutrition.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84633785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.808
V. N, S. T, R. V
Abiotic stresses in rice restrict the growth and potential of the crop hampering the production and productivity. Screening for abiotic stress tolerance was conducted for salinity and water stress (1% and 2%) during Kharif 2019 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, Andhra Pradesh, India. The physiological characterization of selected genotypes showed that among all treatments, seed germination, root length, shoot length and seedling vigour index was greater under control followed by 1% mannitol, 2% mannitol and salinity stress. The entries IET 27773, IET 27750 and IET 26861 performed well under moderate water stress (1% mannitol and 2% mannitol induced stress) and hence can be identified as relatively tolerant. Under salinity stress AC 1303 followed by IET 27750, IET 27772 and IET 27773 performed well. The above cultures can be used as physiological donors for respective stresses. The seedling vigour was highest in IET 27773 under all the stress treatments. IET 27750 and IET 27773 showed tolerance to both salinity and water stress. In the field experiment, IET 26961 (6230 kg/ha), IET 27768 (6060 kg/ha) and IET 27773 (6050 kg/ha) recorded the highest grain yield. Among all the genotypes tested, IET 27773 was found to be a good performing genotype as it exhibited tolerance to abiotic stress in lab conditions and recorded higher yields under field conditions.
{"title":" Physiological characterization for abiotic stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes ","authors":"V. N, S. T, R. V","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.808","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stresses in rice restrict the growth and potential of the crop hampering the production and productivity. Screening for abiotic stress tolerance was conducted for salinity and water stress (1% and 2%) during Kharif 2019 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, Andhra Pradesh, India. The physiological characterization of selected genotypes showed that among all treatments, seed germination, root length, shoot length and seedling vigour index was greater under control followed by 1% mannitol, 2% mannitol and salinity stress. The entries IET 27773, IET 27750 and IET 26861 performed well under moderate water stress (1% mannitol and 2% mannitol induced stress) and hence can be identified as relatively tolerant. Under salinity stress AC 1303 followed by IET 27750, IET 27772 and IET 27773 performed well. The above cultures can be used as physiological donors for respective stresses. The seedling vigour was highest in IET 27773 under all the stress treatments. IET 27750 and IET 27773 showed tolerance to both salinity and water stress. In the field experiment, IET 26961 (6230 kg/ha), IET 27768 (6060 kg/ha) and IET 27773 (6050 kg/ha) recorded the highest grain yield. Among all the genotypes tested, IET 27773 was found to be a good performing genotype as it exhibited tolerance to abiotic stress in lab conditions and recorded higher yields under field conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81310056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.801
P. Kumar, M. C. S. Rao, A. Tamang, U. S. Kumar
Plant growth regulators are called as magic chemicals which are new generation agrochemicals. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators in small quantity can alter the sequence of male and female flowers, if applied at 2 or 4 leaf stages, the critical stage at which the suppression or promotion of either sex is possible. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out during Rabi, 2021 at Horticulture Research Farm, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Parlakhemundi, Odisha to study the influence of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality attributes of watermelon.Theexperiment was laid out under randomized block design with nine treatments namely 2, 4-D (25 and 50 ppm), NAA (100 and 150 ppm), GA3 (30 and 40 ppm), TIBA (20 and 25 ppm) and control (distilled water)replicated thrice. Two sprays of plant growth regulators were done at 2nd and 4th true leaf stages. The results revealed that, growth characters such as length of the main creeper (2.08 m), number of sub creepers per plant (4.40) and chlorophyll content (61.93 and 48.91 at 30 and 60 DAS) were highest in treatment (GA3 @ 40 ppm). The chlorophyll content at 90 DAS was highest (21.39) in treatment (NAA @ 100 ppm). The highest fruit yield plant-1 (17.51 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (44.17 t) was recorded in treatment (GA3 @ 40 ppm). The quality attributes such as Total Soluble Solid (TSS) (10.66%) and total sugars (15.03 %) were noted highest in treatment (GA3 @ 40 ppm). Among the different plant growth regulators spraying of GA3 @ 40 ppm found effective in enhancing the growth, yield and quality attributes of watermelon.
{"title":"Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality attributes of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.)","authors":"P. Kumar, M. C. S. Rao, A. Tamang, U. S. Kumar","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.801","url":null,"abstract":"Plant growth regulators are called as magic chemicals which are new generation agrochemicals. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators in small quantity can alter the sequence of male and female flowers, if applied at 2 or 4 leaf stages, the critical stage at which the suppression or promotion of either sex is possible. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out during Rabi, 2021 at Horticulture Research Farm, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Parlakhemundi, Odisha to study the influence of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality attributes of watermelon.Theexperiment was laid out under randomized block design with nine treatments namely 2, 4-D (25 and 50 ppm), NAA (100 and 150 ppm), GA3 (30 and 40 ppm), TIBA (20 and 25 ppm) and control (distilled water)replicated thrice. Two sprays of plant growth regulators were done at 2nd and 4th true leaf stages. The results revealed that, growth characters such as length of the main creeper (2.08 m), number of sub creepers per plant (4.40) and chlorophyll content (61.93 and 48.91 at 30 and 60 DAS) were highest in treatment (GA3 @ 40 ppm). The chlorophyll content at 90 DAS was highest (21.39) in treatment (NAA @ 100 ppm). The highest fruit yield plant-1 (17.51 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (44.17 t) was recorded in treatment (GA3 @ 40 ppm). The quality attributes such as Total Soluble Solid (TSS) (10.66%) and total sugars (15.03 %) were noted highest in treatment (GA3 @ 40 ppm). Among the different plant growth regulators spraying of GA3 @ 40 ppm found effective in enhancing the growth, yield and quality attributes of watermelon.","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91019392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-11088
Shalini Rawat, P. Kalia, N. Goel
Cauliflower is an important Cole crop grown all over the world for its nutritional benefits. But it is encountered by a serious problem caused by the insect- pest attack. Plutella xylostella is one such insect which causes huge losses. An efficient and simple method for genetic transformation and regeneration of Indian cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis has to be developed. Hence, optimization of the plant transformation is a pre- requisite for successful transformation process. Therefore, we worked on this objective at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, and optimized the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol in Indian cauliflower, Pusa Snowball K1 and Pusa Snowball KT25 varieties for developing insect resistance against Plutella xylostella using Bt genes. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation process was utilized for carrying out the transformation and the explant was obtained from the seedlings germinated from the seeds of the respective variety and used for genetic transformation process. The transgene integration and expression were later confirmed by PCR and RT-qPCR, respectively. Moreover, insect bioassay showed that transgenic plants effectively controlled the Diamond Back moth infestation concerning to the control plants indicating the presence of resistance developed against the insect. Hence, this protocol efficiently regenerated transgenic plants that lead to the resistance against biotic stress, specific to the insect Diamond back moth.
菜花因其丰富的营养价值，是一种重要的油菜籽作物。但是却遇到了一个严重的问题，那就是虫害的侵袭。小菜蛾就是造成巨大损失的昆虫之一。一种高效、简便的印度菜花(Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)遗传转化和再生方法有待开发。因此，植物转化的优化是成功转化过程的先决条件。为此，我们在印度新德里的印度农业研究所(Indian Agricultural Research Institute)开展了这一工作，优化了农杆菌介导的印度菜花、Pusa Snowball K1和Pusa Snowball KT25品种转化方案，利用Bt基因培养对小菜蛾的抗性。利用农杆菌介导的转化过程进行转化，从各品种种子萌发的幼苗中获得外植体，进行遗传转化。随后分别用PCR和RT-qPCR验证转基因的整合和表达。昆虫生物测定结果表明，转基因植株对菱形背蛾的侵染有较好的控制作用，表明转基因植株对菱形背蛾产生了抗性。因此，该方案有效地再生转基因植物，导致对生物胁迫的抗性，特别是对昆虫钻石背蛾。
{"title":"Standardization of an efficient protocol for transformation in Indian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) var. botrytis ","authors":"Shalini Rawat, P. Kalia, N. Goel","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-11088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-11088","url":null,"abstract":"Cauliflower is an important Cole crop grown all over the world for its nutritional benefits. But it is encountered by a serious problem caused by the insect- pest attack. Plutella xylostella is one such insect which causes huge losses. An efficient and simple method for genetic transformation and regeneration of Indian cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis has to be developed. Hence, optimization of the plant transformation is a pre- requisite for successful transformation process. Therefore, we worked on this objective at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, and optimized the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol in Indian cauliflower, Pusa Snowball K1 and Pusa Snowball KT25 varieties for developing insect resistance against Plutella xylostella using Bt genes. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation process was utilized for carrying out the transformation and the explant was obtained from the seedlings germinated from the seeds of the respective variety and used for genetic transformation process. The transgene integration and expression were later confirmed by PCR and RT-qPCR, respectively. Moreover, insect bioassay showed that transgenic plants effectively controlled the Diamond Back moth infestation concerning to the control plants indicating the presence of resistance developed against the insect. Hence, this protocol efficiently regenerated transgenic plants that lead to the resistance against biotic stress, specific to the insect Diamond back moth.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80078436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-822
V. Yadav, Sonam Sharma
Invasive alien plant species are widely vulnerable to invasion and recognized as stresses altering the ecosystem properties and competing with native flora of pond. During the investigation a total of 30 invasive alien species belonging to 26 genera under 17 families were recorded. Asteraceae was the most dominant family with 5 species and about 79% of these invasive alien species were introduced from Tropical America. Among invase alien species, major potential threat in the near future is by Argemone maxicana and Parthenium histophorus. It was observed that 18 plant species were being used by local inhabitant for medicinal purposes. In order to resist the spread, a better planning is needed for early detection of control, report infestation of spread of new and naturalized invasive alien species to be monitored.
{"title":"Study on the invasive alien species in ponds of Jalaun district of Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"V. Yadav, Sonam Sharma","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-822","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive alien plant species are widely vulnerable to invasion and recognized as stresses altering the ecosystem properties and competing with native flora of pond. During the investigation a total of 30 invasive alien species belonging to 26 genera under 17 families were recorded. Asteraceae was the most dominant family with 5 species and about 79% of these invasive alien species were introduced from Tropical America. Among invase alien species, major potential threat in the near future is by Argemone maxicana and Parthenium histophorus. It was observed that 18 plant species were being used by local inhabitant for medicinal purposes. In order to resist the spread, a better planning is needed for early detection of control, report infestation of spread of new and naturalized invasive alien species to be monitored.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89626030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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