Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-956
R. K. S. Jesvanthini, G. Baradhan, S. S. Kumar, G. Sathyanarayanan, R. Immanuel
Black gram is a vital legume crop, but its yield is often limited by factors like nutrient deficiencies, pest and disease pressure, and abiotic stresses. Seaweed extracts may help mitigate these challenges by improving plant resilience and stress tolerance. The black gram was raised in Annamalai University Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu during February to April, 2021. The experiment consisted of seven treatments viz., 100 % RDF along with seed treatment and foliar application of seaweed extract (Sargassum sp. and Kappaphycus sp.) @ 5%, 10%, and 15% which was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Seed treatment and foliar application @ 5% seaweed extract (Sargassum sp.) + RDF excelled the other treatment in recording the higher yield, yield attributes viz., number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield and haulm yield. This research can contribute to developing eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives to conventional agricultural practices, aligning with sustainable agriculture goals.
{"title":"Efficacy of combined seed dressing and foliar application of seaweed extract on yield and yield parameters of black gram (Vigna mungo L.)","authors":"R. K. S. Jesvanthini, G. Baradhan, S. S. Kumar, G. Sathyanarayanan, R. Immanuel","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-956","url":null,"abstract":"Black gram is a vital legume crop, but its yield is often limited by factors like nutrient deficiencies, pest and disease pressure, and abiotic stresses. Seaweed extracts may help mitigate these challenges by improving plant resilience and stress tolerance. The black gram was raised in Annamalai University Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu during February to April, 2021. The experiment consisted of seven treatments viz., 100 % RDF along with seed treatment and foliar application of seaweed extract (Sargassum sp. and Kappaphycus sp.) @ 5%, 10%, and 15% which was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Seed treatment and foliar application @ 5% seaweed extract (Sargassum sp.) + RDF excelled the other treatment in recording the higher yield, yield attributes viz., number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield and haulm yield. This research can contribute to developing eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives to conventional agricultural practices, aligning with sustainable agriculture goals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-954
G. Gowrisanker, S. Padmavathi, S. Arunkumar
Green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), commonly referred to as mung bean or Vigna radiata, is an important pulse crop. The main causes of low pulse productivity were identified as the use of inferior seed, inappropriate crop management, and cultivation in marginal soils. It could be improved by creating low-cost seed production technology that is appropriate. It has been shown that seaweed extracts can improve crop development and increase nutrient uptake in both difficult and typical environmental situations. By reducing the frequency of fungal and insect attack, the use of seaweed extracts has led to encouraging gains in crop output, nutrient uptake, resilience to frost and stress, and seed germination. By keeping the aforesaid point of view, a study was conducted to know the effectiveness of seaweed extract on seed quality traits under invitro condition of Vigna radiata. The laboratory experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of seaweed extracts viz., Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria on the germination, growth and seed quality traits of green gram variety cv. VBN 2. The experiment was carried out in Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Annamalai University during the year 2022. The first step involved steeping the seeds in double-distilled water for six hours. Following their initial pre-soaking, the seeds were left to air dry at room temperature. Then, submerged the pre-soaked seeds in varying quantities of seaweed extract. Concentrations of 1.5%, 2.5%, 3%, 1% and 2% were utilized for Kappaphycus alvarezii and 2.5%, 5% and 10% were used for Gracilaria. For six hours, the various amounts of seaweed extract were soaked into the seeds. Paper towels were used to sow the treated seeds in order to collect data and observe the seedlings further. The results revealed that seeds soaked with Kappaphycus alvarezii at a concentration of 2.5% exhibited highest value for various seed quality parameters viz., germination percentage (81), root length (16.57), shoot length (19.64), fresh weight (38.58), dry weight (34.76), dry matter production (197.53), seedling vigour index (3452) and tetrazolium Test (80), compared to other treatments. Seeds soaked with Gracilaria didn’t show any variation among the different concentration treatments of Gracilaria, while minimum viability percentage was observed in control.
{"title":"Influence of seaweed extract on seed quality traits under in-vitro conditions in green gram (Vigna radiata L.) cv. VBN 2","authors":"G. Gowrisanker, S. Padmavathi, S. Arunkumar","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-954","url":null,"abstract":"Green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), commonly referred to as mung bean or Vigna radiata, is an important pulse crop. The main causes of low pulse productivity were identified as the use of inferior seed, inappropriate crop management, and cultivation in marginal soils. It could be improved by creating low-cost seed production technology that is appropriate. It has been shown that seaweed extracts can improve crop development and increase nutrient uptake in both difficult and typical environmental situations. By reducing the frequency of fungal and insect attack, the use of seaweed extracts has led to encouraging gains in crop output, nutrient uptake, resilience to frost and stress, and seed germination. By keeping the aforesaid point of view, a study was conducted to know the effectiveness of seaweed extract on seed quality traits under invitro condition of Vigna radiata. The laboratory experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of seaweed extracts viz., Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria on the germination, growth and seed quality traits of green gram variety cv. VBN 2. The experiment was carried out in Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Annamalai University during the year 2022. The first step involved steeping the seeds in double-distilled water for six hours. Following their initial pre-soaking, the seeds were left to air dry at room temperature. Then, submerged the pre-soaked seeds in varying quantities of seaweed extract. Concentrations of 1.5%, 2.5%, 3%, 1% and 2% were utilized for Kappaphycus alvarezii and 2.5%, 5% and 10% were used for Gracilaria. For six hours, the various amounts of seaweed extract were soaked into the seeds. Paper towels were used to sow the treated seeds in order to collect data and observe the seedlings further. The results revealed that seeds soaked with Kappaphycus alvarezii at a concentration of 2.5% exhibited highest value for various seed quality parameters viz., germination percentage (81), root length (16.57), shoot length (19.64), fresh weight (38.58), dry weight (34.76), dry matter production (197.53), seedling vigour index (3452) and tetrazolium Test (80), compared to other treatments. Seeds soaked with Gracilaria didn’t show any variation among the different concentration treatments of Gracilaria, while minimum viability percentage was observed in control.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-975
K. S. Dhilipan, G. Baradhan, S. S. Kumar, G. Sathiyanarayanan, S. Ramesh
In India, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop that accounts for 44.40 million hectares i.e. 30 per cent of the nation's total cultivated land. Nutrient management is one of the most important production restrictions for achieving a sustainable yield from a particular farming method. Ineffective nutrient management is a major problem in rice cultivation. Due to overuse of fertilizer there is loss of soil productivity and reduction in soil fertility. So, this research was conducted with a view of careful and effective use of chemical fertilizers, farm yard manure, vermicompost, press mud and poultry manure along with the foliar application of zinc sulphate, an integrated nutrient management system plays a critical role in balancing the soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimal level. This approach results in an environmentally friendly and financially feasible solution for this issue and not only helps in supplementing requirements but also improves soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. A field experiment was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu during June-September 2023 to assess the synergistic effects of integrated nutrient management along with foliar zinc sulphate on the growth of rice. The study evaluated nine treatments in a randomized block design. These treatments included varying levels of nitrogen supplemented with different sources of organic manures viz., farm yard manure, vermicompost, press mud and poultry manure and foliar application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). The results revealed that combining 75% nitrogen through urea and 25% nitrogen from vermicompost and 100% P and K along with foliar application of zinc sulphate (0.5%) at 25 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) significantly improved all growth parameters viz., plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, root length and root volume, number of tillers m-2, crop growth rate, and absolute growth rate of rice.
{"title":"Evaluating the synergistic effects of integrated nutrient management and foliar application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) on growth and growth attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) ","authors":"K. S. Dhilipan, G. Baradhan, S. S. Kumar, G. Sathiyanarayanan, S. Ramesh","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-975","url":null,"abstract":"In India, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop that accounts for 44.40 million hectares i.e. 30 per cent of the nation's total cultivated land. Nutrient management is one of the most important production restrictions for achieving a sustainable yield from a particular farming method. Ineffective nutrient management is a major problem in rice cultivation. Due to overuse of fertilizer there is loss of soil productivity and reduction in soil fertility. So, this research was conducted with a view of careful and effective use of chemical fertilizers, farm yard manure, vermicompost, press mud and poultry manure along with the foliar application of zinc sulphate, an integrated nutrient management system plays a critical role in balancing the soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimal level. This approach results in an environmentally friendly and financially feasible solution for this issue and not only helps in supplementing requirements but also improves soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. A field experiment was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu during June-September 2023 to assess the synergistic effects of integrated nutrient management along with foliar zinc sulphate on the growth of rice. The study evaluated nine treatments in a randomized block design. These treatments included varying levels of nitrogen supplemented with different sources of organic manures viz., farm yard manure, vermicompost, press mud and poultry manure and foliar application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). The results revealed that combining 75% nitrogen through urea and 25% nitrogen from vermicompost and 100% P and K along with foliar application of zinc sulphate (0.5%) at 25 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) significantly improved all growth parameters viz., plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, root length and root volume, number of tillers m-2, crop growth rate, and absolute growth rate of rice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-957
M. Dhayanethi, S. Ramesh, K. Arivukkarasu, P. Sudhakar, G. Baradhan
The present rate of rice production growth is far below the population growth rate. Therefore, the present deceleration trend in production and yield is a cause of concern and has to be reversed to meet the growing demand. Moreover, the profit margin in rice cultivation has eroded making rice cultivation unattractive. Therefore, new technologies are essential to increasing rice production in the country to meet the future demand of exploding population. Hence, there is an urgent need for enhancement of the productivity of rice by proper agronomic practices. One among them is foliar application of PGRs and NPK fertilizers for exploiting genetic potential of the rice crop. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2022 at the Agronomy Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to study the effect of plant growth regulators and nutrients on growth and yield of transplanted rice under wetland ecosystem. The rice variety ADT - 43 was used as test variety. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice with ten treatments includes foliar spray of plant growth regulators (Gibberellic acid, Triacontanol, Sodium para- nitrophenolate) (20 DAT) alone and in combination with macro nutrients like DAP, KCl and NPK (19:19:19) (40 and 50 DAT). The growth, yield parameters, grain and straw yield of rice viz., plant height (101.43 cm), number of tillers/hill (11.85), dry matter production (14847.67 kg/ha), number of panicles/m2 (372.30 m-2) number of filled grains/panicle (125.41), grain yield (6485.25 kg/ha) and straw yield (8890.34 kg/ha) were strikingly impressive by foliar application of gibberellic acid 40 % WSG @ 20 g/ha (20 DAT) along with 2 % DAP + 1 % KCl (40 and 50 DAT). The same trend was followed in harvest index (42.18 %). These combinations showed remarkable promise and seemed to hold greater potential as efficient systems.
{"title":"Effect of gibberellic acid and plant nutrition on the growth and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Cauvery Delta Zone ","authors":"M. Dhayanethi, S. Ramesh, K. Arivukkarasu, P. Sudhakar, G. Baradhan","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-957","url":null,"abstract":"The present rate of rice production growth is far below the population growth rate. Therefore, the present deceleration trend in production and yield is a cause of concern and has to be reversed to meet the growing demand. Moreover, the profit margin in rice cultivation has eroded making rice cultivation unattractive. Therefore, new technologies are essential to increasing rice production in the country to meet the future demand of exploding population. Hence, there is an urgent need for enhancement of the productivity of rice by proper agronomic practices. One among them is foliar application of PGRs and NPK fertilizers for exploiting genetic potential of the rice crop. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2022 at the Agronomy Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to study the effect of plant growth regulators and nutrients on growth and yield of transplanted rice under wetland ecosystem. The rice variety ADT - 43 was used as test variety. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice with ten treatments includes foliar spray of plant growth regulators (Gibberellic acid, Triacontanol, Sodium para- nitrophenolate) (20 DAT) alone and in combination with macro nutrients like DAP, KCl and NPK (19:19:19) (40 and 50 DAT). The growth, yield parameters, grain and straw yield of rice viz., plant height (101.43 cm), number of tillers/hill (11.85), dry matter production (14847.67 kg/ha), number of panicles/m2 (372.30 m-2) number of filled grains/panicle (125.41), grain yield (6485.25 kg/ha) and straw yield (8890.34 kg/ha) were strikingly impressive by foliar application of gibberellic acid 40 % WSG @ 20 g/ha (20 DAT) along with 2 % DAP + 1 % KCl (40 and 50 DAT). The same trend was followed in harvest index (42.18 %). These combinations showed remarkable promise and seemed to hold greater potential as efficient systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-18DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-939
C. Shunmugadevi, S. A. Radhika, S. Kumaresan, P. Palanisamy
Most synthetic pesticides have negative impacts on both human health and the environment, which has led to a global economic and ecological emergency for insect pest control. Crude extracts of phytocompounds from Melia dubia Cav. were tested for their pesticidal effects on a certain enzyme cell line. An in silico molecular docking analysis of phytocompounds showed that the enzymes Glutathione S-Transferase (7RKA), Mytocontrial (5H3F), Acetylcholinesterase (7QAK), GABA receptor (7WGT), and DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (6GO4) interacted strongly with the phytocompounds. Compared to Dichlorvos and Malathion, the substances Guanosine (1) and Medroxyprogesterone (2) showed higher in-silico biopesticidal efficacy against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.). A silica gel column chromatographic technique was used to isolate Compounds 1 and 2. In vitro studies revealed that, after 96 hours, Guanosine (90.4% and LC50 value 5.63 mg/ml) caused the maximum toxicity of C. maculatus compared to the reference pesticides Dichlorvos (84.6% and LC50 value 5.94 mg/ml) and Malathion (92% and LC50 value 5.62 mg/ml). Comparing the results to the reference drugs, guanosine (1) showed potential as a pesticidal agent. Therefore, these particular compounds may provide alternative treatments that enhance the plants under investigation's historical use.
{"title":"In silico and in vitro biopesticidal activity of Melia dubia (Cav.) plant leaves extract phytocompounds against selected enzymes, proteins, cell lines and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)","authors":"C. Shunmugadevi, S. A. Radhika, S. Kumaresan, P. Palanisamy","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-939","url":null,"abstract":"Most synthetic pesticides have negative impacts on both human health and the environment, which has led to a global economic and ecological emergency for insect pest control. Crude extracts of phytocompounds from Melia dubia Cav. were tested for their pesticidal effects on a certain enzyme cell line. An in silico molecular docking analysis of phytocompounds showed that the enzymes Glutathione S-Transferase (7RKA), Mytocontrial (5H3F), Acetylcholinesterase (7QAK), GABA receptor (7WGT), and DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (6GO4) interacted strongly with the phytocompounds. Compared to Dichlorvos and Malathion, the substances Guanosine (1) and Medroxyprogesterone (2) showed higher in-silico biopesticidal efficacy against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.). A silica gel column chromatographic technique was used to isolate Compounds 1 and 2. In vitro studies revealed that, after 96 hours, Guanosine (90.4% and LC50 value 5.63 mg/ml) caused the maximum toxicity of C. maculatus compared to the reference pesticides Dichlorvos (84.6% and LC50 value 5.94 mg/ml) and Malathion (92% and LC50 value 5.62 mg/ml). Comparing the results to the reference drugs, guanosine (1) showed potential as a pesticidal agent. Therefore, these particular compounds may provide alternative treatments that enhance the plants under investigation's historical use.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"231 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of wastewater irrigation may contribute to the metal accumulation, and reduction of nutrient level of vegetables, which would then have an adverse effect on human health. Therefore, in the present study we investigated heavy metals contamination and its impact on nutrient quality of vegetables and health risk. The study was conducted from the agricultural fields of Varanasi distinct during the period from March 2022 to June 2023 and all the laboratory work was carried in the department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University. Heavy metal concentrations in water, soil, and vegetable samples were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The physiochemical property (pH), daily intake of metal, metal pollution index and health quotient were also calculated according to the published protocols. All heavy metal were found in higher concentrations in the wastewater irrigated soil that control site. The Lohta site had the highest concentration of heavy metals in the vegetables, followed by Dinapur, and least at control site (BHU). The highest concentration of metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) were found in the leafy vegetables (S. oleracea and A. esculentus) whereas lowest in fruity vegetables (P. vulgaris). The rise in the Metal Pollution Index (MPI) also provided evidence for the greater metal content of these vegetables. The S. oleracea was found to have the highest DIM (0.061 g/g) while P. vulgaris had the lowest (0.007 g/g). HQ values of these metals were found greater than one ( greater than 1) for both children and adults on the ingestion of the vegetables of wastewater irrigated sites. Further, nutrient contents (Na, Mg, Ca) were also declined in the vegetables of wastewater irrigated site when compared to control site. These findings suggest that the consumption of such vegetables leads to compromised health and might be associated with severe health risk in the human.
使用废水灌溉可能会造成金属积累，降低蔬菜的营养水平，进而对人类健康产生不利影响。因此，在本研究中，我们调查了重金属污染及其对蔬菜营养质量和健康风险的影响。这项研究是在 2022 年 3 月至 2023 年 6 月期间在瓦拉纳西的农田里进行的，所有实验室工作都在巴纳拉斯印度教大学植物学系进行。使用原子吸收分光光度计测量了水、土壤和蔬菜样本中的重金属浓度。此外，还根据已公布的规程计算了理化性质（pH 值）、每日金属摄入量、金属污染指数和健康商数。所有重金属在废水灌溉土壤中的浓度均高于对照地点。洛塔（Lohta）地区蔬菜中的重金属浓度最高，其次是迪纳普尔（Dinapur）地区，而对照地区（BHU）的浓度最低。叶菜（S. oleracea 和 A. esculentus）中的金属（铜、锌和铅）浓度最高，而果菜（P. vulgaris）中的浓度最低。金属污染指数（MPI）的上升也证明了这些蔬菜的金属含量较高。发现 S. oleracea 的 DIM 值最高（0.061 克/克），而 P. vulgaris 的 DIM 值最低（0.007 克/克）。儿童和成人摄入废水灌溉地的蔬菜后，发现这些金属的 HQ 值均大于 1（大于 1）。此外，与对照地点相比，废水灌溉地点的蔬菜中营养成分（Na、Mg、Ca）含量也有所下降。这些研究结果表明，食用此类蔬菜会导致健康受损，并可能对人体健康造成严重危害。
{"title":"Heavy metal contamination through wastewater irrigation on the soil and vegetables: Impact on the nutrient content and health risks ","authors":"Rashmi Singh, Shivani Gupta, Alok Kumar Khare, Supriya Tiwari","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-944","url":null,"abstract":"The use of wastewater irrigation may contribute to the metal accumulation, and reduction of nutrient level of vegetables, which would then have an adverse effect on human health. Therefore, in the present study we investigated heavy metals contamination and its impact on nutrient quality of vegetables and health risk. The study was conducted from the agricultural fields of Varanasi distinct during the period from March 2022 to June 2023 and all the laboratory work was carried in the department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University. Heavy metal concentrations in water, soil, and vegetable samples were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The physiochemical property (pH), daily intake of metal, metal pollution index and health quotient were also calculated according to the published protocols. All heavy metal were found in higher concentrations in the wastewater irrigated soil that control site. The Lohta site had the highest concentration of heavy metals in the vegetables, followed by Dinapur, and least at control site (BHU). The highest concentration of metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) were found in the leafy vegetables (S. oleracea and A. esculentus) whereas lowest in fruity vegetables (P. vulgaris). The rise in the Metal Pollution Index (MPI) also provided evidence for the greater metal content of these vegetables. The S. oleracea was found to have the highest DIM (0.061 g/g) while P. vulgaris had the lowest (0.007 g/g). HQ values of these metals were found greater than one ( greater than 1) for both children and adults on the ingestion of the vegetables of wastewater irrigated sites. Further, nutrient contents (Na, Mg, Ca) were also declined in the vegetables of wastewater irrigated site when compared to control site. These findings suggest that the consumption of such vegetables leads to compromised health and might be associated with severe health risk in the human.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-18DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-946
Deressa Negasa Awata, A. E. Egbe, Christopher Ngosong
Maize productivity is frequently hampered as a result of poor soil fertility, insect pests, weed infestations and agronomic management in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how integrated nutrient-pest management and planting geometry affected fall armyworm, stem borer, weed infestation, and maize growth performance. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with planting geometry as the main plot and nutrient-pest management strategies as subplots with three replications at Buea, Cameroon, from August to December 2022. Planting geometry significantly influenced weed infestation and maize growth performance but did not affect the incidence and severity of fall armyworm and stem borer. Planting one plant per stand at 25 cm intra-row spacing significantly reduced weed density by 11%, weed biomass by 14%, and increased maize ear formation by 5% as compared to planting two plants per stand at wider spacing. Chem + Org + Bio treatment significantly reduced maize grain damage incidence and severity by fall armyworm and stem borer by an average of 13% and 14%, respectively, as compared to chemical treatment alone. The use of an integrated Chem + Org + Bio nutrient-pest management strategy with planting one plant per stand at 25 cm intra-row spacing is the best and most effective method to reduce fall armyworm, stem borer, and weed infestation, reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and improve maize productivity in a sustainable way.
{"title":"Effect of integrated nutrient-pest management and planting geometry on the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), stem borer (Busseola fusca) and weed infestation of maize (Zea mays L.) in Cameroon","authors":"Deressa Negasa Awata, A. E. Egbe, Christopher Ngosong","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-946","url":null,"abstract":"Maize productivity is frequently hampered as a result of poor soil fertility, insect pests, weed infestations and agronomic management in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how integrated nutrient-pest management and planting geometry affected fall armyworm, stem borer, weed infestation, and maize growth performance. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with planting geometry as the main plot and nutrient-pest management strategies as subplots with three replications at Buea, Cameroon, from August to December 2022. Planting geometry significantly influenced weed infestation and maize growth performance but did not affect the incidence and severity of fall armyworm and stem borer. Planting one plant per stand at 25 cm intra-row spacing significantly reduced weed density by 11%, weed biomass by 14%, and increased maize ear formation by 5% as compared to planting two plants per stand at wider spacing. Chem + Org + Bio treatment significantly reduced maize grain damage incidence and severity by fall armyworm and stem borer by an average of 13% and 14%, respectively, as compared to chemical treatment alone. The use of an integrated Chem + Org + Bio nutrient-pest management strategy with planting one plant per stand at 25 cm intra-row spacing is the best and most effective method to reduce fall armyworm, stem borer, and weed infestation, reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and improve maize productivity in a sustainable way.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four legume crops, viz., groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of Kharif season, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and lentil (Lens esculentum L.) of Rabi season belonging to family Fabaceae were taken for investigation of seed-borne mycoflora. Since these are severely affected by many plant-pathogenic fungi at various stages of the whole life cycle, they were chosen for the study. Many post-harvest fungal pathogens cause severe loss by contaminating the grains with various mycotoxins and also deteriorate the nutritional quality of grains. The goal of any agricultural system is to increase the yield of crops as per the population demand. Various eco-friendly management practices were performed on highly mycotoxin-producing isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. niger isolated from these grains. Four Trichoderma isolates (T2, T3, T4 and T5) were used as a biocontrol agent in the dual culture method to check antagonism between various Aspergillus isolates and Trichoderma isolates. It gave a satisfactory result in controlling mycelial growth. Achyranthes aspera leaf and stem phytoextract (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) was used as a botanical treatment in the well diffusion method, which successfully restricts the Aspergillus spp. mycelial growth.
{"title":"Categorization of mycotoxin producing fungi in leguminous crops and its eco-friendly management under in vitro condition","authors":"Saket Ranjan, Shrvan Kumar, Vishal Srivashtav, Virander Chaudhary","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-932","url":null,"abstract":"Four legume crops, viz., groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of Kharif season, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and lentil (Lens esculentum L.) of Rabi season belonging to family Fabaceae were taken for investigation of seed-borne mycoflora. Since these are severely affected by many plant-pathogenic fungi at various stages of the whole life cycle, they were chosen for the study. Many post-harvest fungal pathogens cause severe loss by contaminating the grains with various mycotoxins and also deteriorate the nutritional quality of grains. The goal of any agricultural system is to increase the yield of crops as per the population demand. Various eco-friendly management practices were performed on highly mycotoxin-producing isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. niger isolated from these grains. Four Trichoderma isolates (T2, T3, T4 and T5) were used as a biocontrol agent in the dual culture method to check antagonism between various Aspergillus isolates and Trichoderma isolates. It gave a satisfactory result in controlling mycelial growth. Achyranthes aspera leaf and stem phytoextract (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) was used as a botanical treatment in the well diffusion method, which successfully restricts the Aspergillus spp. mycelial growth.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-940
Pingidi Soujanya, C. Sathappan, D. Dhanasekaran
An experiment was conducted in the Vegetable Unit, Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu during 2022 to find out the effective seed priming method in bhendi. The experiment was carried out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) which includes different organics in different concentrations viz., Panchagavya @ 2% and @ 4%, Cow urine @ 2% and 4%, Vermiwash @ 0.1% and 0.25%, Beejamrutham @ 2% and 4%, Coconut water @ 25% and 50% and Control. The results of the experiment demonstrated that among the organic seed priming evaluated, Coconut water @ 50% has resulted in a higher germination percentage, speed of germination,shoot length,root length,seedling length,seedling fresh weight,dry weight and seedling vigour index.
{"title":"Effect of organic seed priming on germination and growth of bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in coastal saline soil ","authors":"Pingidi Soujanya, C. Sathappan, D. Dhanasekaran","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-940","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in the Vegetable Unit, Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu during 2022 to find out the effective seed priming method in bhendi. The experiment was carried out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) which includes different organics in different concentrations viz., Panchagavya @ 2% and @ 4%, Cow urine @ 2% and 4%, Vermiwash @ 0.1% and 0.25%, Beejamrutham @ 2% and 4%, Coconut water @ 25% and 50% and Control. The results of the experiment demonstrated that among the organic seed priming evaluated, Coconut water @ 50% has resulted in a higher germination percentage, speed of germination,shoot length,root length,seedling length,seedling fresh weight,dry weight and seedling vigour index.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140453350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-950
Prahlad Deb, Soheli Reza
Being the national fruit of India, mango possess a significant position in its history, tradition culture and economy. This delicious and nutritious fruit contains considerable amounts of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants in abundance. The plant flowers in panicle at the end of winter and fruit drop is a common problem which is manifested due to several causes and micronutrient deficiency is one of major cause. The present study was conducted at the instructional farm of Institute of Agriculture, Visva Bharati, Sriniketan which comes under humid sub-tropical region of West Bengal, India during the year 2020 and 2021 to study the effect of pre-flowering sprays of zinc and boron on panicle emergence and panicle growth of mango cv. Amrapali. The experiment comprised of 9 treatment combinations of pre flowering sprays of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4, 7H2O) and borax (Na2B4O7, 10H2O) replicated 3 times as T1: Control (distilled water), T2: ZnSO4 @ 0.5%, T3: ZnSO4 @ 1.0%, T4: Borax @ 0.5%, T5: Borax @ 1.0%, T6: ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + Borax @ 0.5%, T7: ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + Borax @1.0%, T8: ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 0.5% and T9: ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 1.0%in Randomized Block Design (RBD). Highest number of total flowers and hermaphrodite flowers per panicle were recorded under ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 1.0% spray (T9). Apart from these, higher percentage of fruit set and lower fruit drop in all the stages have also been observed ZnSO4 @ 1.0% with Borax @ 1.0% treatment (T9). Same treatment also exhibited maximum yield in both the years. Thus, foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 1.0% and Borax @ 1.0% can be used at pre-flowering stage in mango (cv. Amrapali) for good flowering, high fruit set and less fruit drop.
{"title":"Effect of pre-flowering sprays of micronutrients on flowering, fruit set, fruit drop and yield of mango cv. Amrapali ","authors":"Prahlad Deb, Soheli Reza","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-950","url":null,"abstract":"Being the national fruit of India, mango possess a significant position in its history, tradition culture and economy. This delicious and nutritious fruit contains considerable amounts of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants in abundance. The plant flowers in panicle at the end of winter and fruit drop is a common problem which is manifested due to several causes and micronutrient deficiency is one of major cause. The present study was conducted at the instructional farm of Institute of Agriculture, Visva Bharati, Sriniketan which comes under humid sub-tropical region of West Bengal, India during the year 2020 and 2021 to study the effect of pre-flowering sprays of zinc and boron on panicle emergence and panicle growth of mango cv. Amrapali. The experiment comprised of 9 treatment combinations of pre flowering sprays of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4, 7H2O) and borax (Na2B4O7, 10H2O) replicated 3 times as T1: Control (distilled water), T2: ZnSO4 @ 0.5%, T3: ZnSO4 @ 1.0%, T4: Borax @ 0.5%, T5: Borax @ 1.0%, T6: ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + Borax @ 0.5%, T7: ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + Borax @1.0%, T8: ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 0.5% and T9: ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 1.0%in Randomized Block Design (RBD). Highest number of total flowers and hermaphrodite flowers per panicle were recorded under ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 1.0% spray (T9). Apart from these, higher percentage of fruit set and lower fruit drop in all the stages have also been observed ZnSO4 @ 1.0% with Borax @ 1.0% treatment (T9). Same treatment also exhibited maximum yield in both the years. Thus, foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 1.0% and Borax @ 1.0% can be used at pre-flowering stage in mango (cv. Amrapali) for good flowering, high fruit set and less fruit drop.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"65 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140453807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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