Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11153
Suraj P. Sharma, K. Agrawal, Sourabh Khorwal, I. S. Sankhla
Globally, basal kernel blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (PSS) has been recognized as the most serious diseaseo of barley. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based gene sequencing is a more powerful tool to identify bacterial pathogens from seeds as well as other plant materials. The disease can be controlled by chemical treatment in the field which has harmful consequences on the environment and biodiversity. The application of plant extracts for the eco-friendly management of seed-borne pathogens is a popular new biocontrol method. Therefore, this study aimed at isolating and identifying PSS from seeds of barley and assessing the antimicrobial potential of the extracts of some plants viz., Citrus limon, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Ricinus communis, Psidium guajava, Murraya koenigii, Withania somnifera, Eucalyptus globulus and Tecomella undulata to promote effective biocontrol strategy. A total of 28 bacterial pathogens were isolated and tested for various biochemical tests. Results of the LOPAT test (+---+) and GATTa test (++--) primarily indicated the presence of PSS. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on PCR-amplified products with 8F and 1492R primers. The two isolates HV 03 and KASS showed 99.8 and 99.6% homology with strain PSS strain KFB 86 which was isolated from Ficus carica in Serbia. The highest antibacterial activity in vitro was obtained with methanol extract of W. somnifera, P. guajava, E. globulus and M. koenigii. The results specified that the plant extracts which showed promising antibacterial activity may be considered an effective tool for the management of disease caused by PSS in barley.
{"title":"Characterization and management of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, causing basal kernel blight of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","authors":"Suraj P. Sharma, K. Agrawal, Sourabh Khorwal, I. S. Sankhla","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11153","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Globally, basal kernel blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (PSS) has been recognized as the most serious diseaseo of barley. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based gene sequencing is a more powerful tool to identify bacterial pathogens from seeds as well as other plant materials. The disease can be controlled by chemical treatment in the field which has harmful consequences on the environment and biodiversity. The application of plant extracts for the eco-friendly management of seed-borne pathogens is a popular new biocontrol method. Therefore, this study aimed at isolating and identifying PSS from seeds of barley and assessing the antimicrobial potential of the extracts of some plants viz., Citrus limon, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Ricinus communis, Psidium guajava, Murraya koenigii, Withania somnifera, Eucalyptus globulus and Tecomella undulata to promote effective biocontrol strategy. A total of 28 bacterial pathogens were isolated and tested for various biochemical tests. Results of the LOPAT test (+---+) and GATTa test (++--) primarily indicated the presence of PSS. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on PCR-amplified products with 8F and 1492R primers. The two isolates HV 03 and KASS showed 99.8 and 99.6% homology with strain PSS strain KFB 86 which was isolated from Ficus carica in Serbia. The highest antibacterial activity in vitro was obtained with methanol extract of W. somnifera, P. guajava, E. globulus and M. koenigii. The results specified that the plant extracts which showed promising antibacterial activity may be considered an effective tool for the management of disease caused by PSS in barley.","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85456637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-865
Noopur Jaysawal, R. Sureshkumar
The nutrient release rate in nano fertilizers can be controlled as per environmental conditions like soil moisture percentage, temperature fluctuations and soil acidity level to effectively increase the efficiency of nutrients for plant growth. An experiment was conducted during the year 2021 to find out the best combination in nano nitrogen, nano Zn and nano Cu on certain growth and yield characters of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) cv. COH 1 at Chidambaram,Tamil Nadu, India. The data collected for the growth and yield parameters were put through to analysis of variance for randomized block design (RBD). The treatments were scheduled as follows: T1–100% RDF, T2- 50% RD-N+100% RD-P+100% RD-K+nano N, T3–25% RD-N+100% RD-P+100% RD-K+nano N,T4–T2+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (a), T5–T2+nano Zn (b)+nano Cu (a), T6–T2+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (b), T7–T2+nano Zn (b)+nano Cu (b), T8–T3+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (a), T9–T3+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (a), T10–T3+ nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (b) and T11–T3+nano Zn (b)+nano Cu (b). The results generated from the experiment were statistically significant (P≥0.05) for all the growth and yield characters recorded. The combination of 50% RDF with nano nitrogen @ 2.5 ml, nano zinc @ 4 ml and nano copper @ 4 ml was observed to be significantly superior over other treatments. It recorded profuse growth and yield in respect of maximum vine length (9.69 m), number of primary branches (7.87/vine), number of leaves (251.65/vine), number of fruits (26.60/plant), fruit length (52.36 cm) and fruit weight (472.74 g) were found significantly superior over all the other treatments. This study identified that the combined application of 50% RDF along with nano nitrogen, nano zinc and nano copper had significant influence on certain growth and yield characters on ridge gourd.
{"title":"Effect of nano nitrogen, nano zinc and nano copper on certain growth and yield characters of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) cv. COH 1","authors":"Noopur Jaysawal, R. Sureshkumar","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-865","url":null,"abstract":"The nutrient release rate in nano fertilizers can be controlled as per environmental conditions like soil moisture percentage, temperature fluctuations and soil acidity level to effectively increase the efficiency of nutrients for plant growth. An experiment was conducted during the year 2021 to find out the best combination in nano nitrogen, nano Zn and nano Cu on certain growth and yield characters of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) cv. COH 1 at Chidambaram,Tamil Nadu, India. The data collected for the growth and yield parameters were put through to analysis of variance for randomized block design (RBD). The treatments were scheduled as follows: T1–100% RDF, T2- 50% RD-N+100% RD-P+100% RD-K+nano N, T3–25% RD-N+100% RD-P+100% RD-K+nano N,T4–T2+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (a), T5–T2+nano Zn (b)+nano Cu (a), T6–T2+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (b), T7–T2+nano Zn (b)+nano Cu (b), T8–T3+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (a), T9–T3+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (a), T10–T3+ nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (b) and T11–T3+nano Zn (b)+nano Cu (b). The results generated from the experiment were statistically significant (P≥0.05) for all the growth and yield characters recorded. The combination of 50% RDF with nano nitrogen @ 2.5 ml, nano zinc @ 4 ml and nano copper @ 4 ml was observed to be significantly superior over other treatments. It recorded profuse growth and yield in respect of maximum vine length (9.69 m), number of primary branches (7.87/vine), number of leaves (251.65/vine), number of fruits (26.60/plant), fruit length (52.36 cm) and fruit weight (472.74 g) were found significantly superior over all the other treatments. This study identified that the combined application of 50% RDF along with nano nitrogen, nano zinc and nano copper had significant influence on certain growth and yield characters on ridge gourd.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75250485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11156
M. Tamizhvendhan, S. Kandasamy, D. Keerthi, R. Kishnamoorthy, C. Kalaiyarasan
Phosphorus is a major nutrient giving widespread response in different kinds of soil especially in legumes. In India, soils of nearly 46% of the area are in the low P category. Thus, there is a need for application of P for achieving higher yields in 98% of the soils of India. There is a vast scope for extension of area as well as increasing the productivity of blackgram. Besides bringing more area under pulses, yield maximization with agronomic practices such as phosphorus nutrient management through phosphate rich organic manure (PROM) source with biofertilizers to be adopted to increase the production of blackgram. Hence, there is a need to evaluate the appropriate nutrient management methods. The field experiment was conducted at Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India during June – August 2021 to study the graded levels of phosphorus and biofertilizers on irrigated blackgram. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four main plots (M1–Control, M2–20 kg P2O5/ha, M3–40 kg P2O5/ha and M4–60 kg P2O5/ha through PROM) and six sub-plots (S1–Control, S2–Seed treatment and soil application with Rhizobium, S3–Seed treatment and soil application with Phosphobacteria, S4–Seed treatment and soil application with Rhizophos, S5–Seed treatment and soil application with AM fungi and S6–Seed treatment and soil application with AM fungi + Rhizophos replicated thrice. Application of P2O5 @ 40 kg/ha through PROM along with seed treatment and soil application of AM fungi + Rhizophos was found to be superior to other treatments by producing higher number of branches (9.96), seed yield (1198 kg/ha), haulm yield (1685 kg/ha) and harvest index (41.55) and achieved the higher productivity and profitability.
磷是一种主要的养分，在不同类型的土壤中具有广泛的响应，特别是在豆科植物中。在印度，近46%的土壤属于低磷土壤。因此，在印度98%的土壤中，需要施用磷肥来实现更高的产量。黑图的推广面积和生产效率都有广阔的发展空间。除扩大豆类种植面积外，还可通过富磷有机肥源配生物肥料进行磷养分管理等农艺措施实现产量最大化，以提高黑豆产量。因此，有必要评估适当的营养管理方法。该试验于2021年6月至8月在印度泰米尔纳德邦的Tiruvannamalai地区进行，研究了灌溉黑豆上磷和生物肥料的分级水平。试验采用分割小区设计，设4个主小区(m1 -对照、M2-20 kg P2O5/ha、M3-40 kg P2O5/ha和M4-60 kg P2O5/ha)和6个子小区(s1 -对照、s2 -种子处理和根瘤菌土壤施用、s3 -种子处理和磷细菌土壤施用、s4 -种子处理和根磷土壤施用、s5 -种子处理和AM真菌土壤施用、s6 -种子处理和AM真菌+根磷土壤施用3次)。P2O5 + 40 kg/ hm2 + AM真菌+根磷土壤处理与种子处理和土壤处理相比，可产生更高的分枝数(9.96)，种子产量(1198 kg/ hm2)，收获产量(1685 kg/ hm2)和收获指数(41.55)，并获得更高的生产力和盈利能力。
{"title":"Studies on application of graded levels of phosphorus through PROM and biofertilizers on irrigated blackgram (Vigna mungo)","authors":"M. Tamizhvendhan, S. Kandasamy, D. Keerthi, R. Kishnamoorthy, C. Kalaiyarasan","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11156","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is a major nutrient giving widespread response in different kinds of soil especially in legumes. In India, soils of nearly 46% of the area are in the low P category. Thus, there is a need for application of P for achieving higher yields in 98% of the soils of India. There is a vast scope for extension of area as well as increasing the productivity of blackgram. Besides bringing more area under pulses, yield maximization with agronomic practices such as phosphorus nutrient management through phosphate rich organic manure (PROM) source with biofertilizers to be adopted to increase the production of blackgram. Hence, there is a need to evaluate the appropriate nutrient management methods. The field experiment was conducted at Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India during June – August 2021 to study the graded levels of phosphorus and biofertilizers on irrigated blackgram. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four main plots (M1–Control, M2–20 kg P2O5/ha, M3–40 kg P2O5/ha and M4–60 kg P2O5/ha through PROM) and six sub-plots (S1–Control, S2–Seed treatment and soil application with Rhizobium, S3–Seed treatment and soil application with Phosphobacteria, S4–Seed treatment and soil application with Rhizophos, S5–Seed treatment and soil application with AM fungi and S6–Seed treatment and soil application with AM fungi + Rhizophos replicated thrice. Application of P2O5 @ 40 kg/ha through PROM along with seed treatment and soil application of AM fungi + Rhizophos was found to be superior to other treatments by producing higher number of branches (9.96), seed yield (1198 kg/ha), haulm yield (1685 kg/ha) and harvest index (41.55) and achieved the higher productivity and profitability.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"255 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79506727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11157
T. Sangma, C. P. Suresh, P. Pal, F. H. Rapunga, E. War
Jackfruit, which is nutritionally rich, is readily available in Garo Hills but is still underutilized and goes to waste every year. Preparation of pickle can make the fruit available throughout the year as well as minimise wastage. A study was conducted during 2018-19 in the Department of Horticulture, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura Campusto prepare jackfruit pickles using about 75 and 90 days old tender green jackfruits. Three methods were used in the preparation of pickles viz., traditional method (boiling the cut fruit pieces in water to soften them), modified method 1 (steam-heating the pieces in an autoclave for softening the pieces) and modified method 2 (sun-drying the fruit pieces for about 2 hours). Following these three methods, two recipe formulations were used for preparation of pickles, which were fixed by making slight modification to the traditional recipe. Storage studies were conducted of the prepared pickles at a bimonthly interval to study the changes in organoleptic properties and biochemical components. It was found that pickles made from tender jackfruit of about 75-90 days old using modified method 1 with either modified recipe 1 or modified recipe 2, were found to be best in terms of organoleptic properties, overall acceptability and consumer preference. Standardising the method with slight modification to the traditional unscientific method will help utilise the fruits to generate income, create employment as well as provide healthy dietary alternative to the common people.
{"title":"Standardization of jackfruit pickle based on traditional methods practiced by people of Garo Hills, Meghalaya","authors":"T. Sangma, C. P. Suresh, P. Pal, F. H. Rapunga, E. War","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11157","url":null,"abstract":"Jackfruit, which is nutritionally rich, is readily available in Garo Hills but is still underutilized and goes to waste every year. Preparation of pickle can make the fruit available throughout the year as well as minimise wastage. A study was conducted during 2018-19 in the Department of Horticulture, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura Campusto prepare jackfruit pickles using about 75 and 90 days old tender green jackfruits. Three methods were used in the preparation of pickles viz., traditional method (boiling the cut fruit pieces in water to soften them), modified method 1 (steam-heating the pieces in an autoclave for softening the pieces) and modified method 2 (sun-drying the fruit pieces for about 2 hours). Following these three methods, two recipe formulations were used for preparation of pickles, which were fixed by making slight modification to the traditional recipe. Storage studies were conducted of the prepared pickles at a bimonthly interval to study the changes in organoleptic properties and biochemical components. It was found that pickles made from tender jackfruit of about 75-90 days old using modified method 1 with either modified recipe 1 or modified recipe 2, were found to be best in terms of organoleptic properties, overall acceptability and consumer preference. Standardising the method with slight modification to the traditional unscientific method will help utilise the fruits to generate income, create employment as well as provide healthy dietary alternative to the common people.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86814750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-872
I. Kumari, N. Salaria, B. ., A. -
In the current situation, food waste is a major issue on a global scale. This food waste may decompose into compost, which may then be used in the agricultural sector to increase the output of vegetable crops. In this perspective, a field study on compost was made from food waste and its impact on ladyfinger production in the sub-tropical Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh was checked. The main objective of the present study was to make people aware about organic manure prepared by using food waste so that they can adopt these agricultural practices and apply them for good crop production. The field work was carried out in the agricultural land of Arni University, Distt. Kangra of Himachal Pradesh during the month of May-August 2021. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments and 10 control plants. Soil of both control and treatment plot was examined with the standard methods. Morphological parameters i. e. plant height, number of leaves per plant, length of leaves, width of leaves, fruit production of the plants of control and treatment plot were measured and recorded weekly. After the execution of statistics on the data matrix results indicated that compost from food waste increased soil fertility. The application of manure was significantly (P less than 0.01) superior over the morphological parameters of the control group plants. Findings of the present investigation indicated that plant height (54.83±1.20 cm), leaf length (18.53±0.63 cm), leaf number (12.70±0.26 cm), leaf breadth (15.8±0.95 cm) and fruit size were significantly increased and it ensured that the organic manure of cow dung and food waste had a favourable impact on vegetable crop production. Future research in this area may assist farmers in reducing crop failure risk and improving production stability.
{"title":"Effect of organic compost on the vegetative growth of ladies’ finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) in sub-tropical Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"I. Kumari, N. Salaria, B. ., A. -","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-872","url":null,"abstract":"In the current situation, food waste is a major issue on a global scale. This food waste may decompose into compost, which may then be used in the agricultural sector to increase the output of vegetable crops. In this perspective, a field study on compost was made from food waste and its impact on ladyfinger production in the sub-tropical Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh was checked. The main objective of the present study was to make people aware about organic manure prepared by using food waste so that they can adopt these agricultural practices and apply them for good crop production. The field work was carried out in the agricultural land of Arni University, Distt. Kangra of Himachal Pradesh during the month of May-August 2021. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments and 10 control plants. Soil of both control and treatment plot was examined with the standard methods. Morphological parameters i. e. plant height, number of leaves per plant, length of leaves, width of leaves, fruit production of the plants of control and treatment plot were measured and recorded weekly. After the execution of statistics on the data matrix results indicated that compost from food waste increased soil fertility. The application of manure was significantly (P less than 0.01) superior over the morphological parameters of the control group plants. Findings of the present investigation indicated that plant height (54.83±1.20 cm), leaf length (18.53±0.63 cm), leaf number (12.70±0.26 cm), leaf breadth (15.8±0.95 cm) and fruit size were significantly increased and it ensured that the organic manure of cow dung and food waste had a favourable impact on vegetable crop production. Future research in this area may assist farmers in reducing crop failure risk and improving production stability.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80564151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-867
G. S. Manogna, A. Mounkia, G. Pushpalata, P. Shampa, N. Chaurasia
Present investigation was carried out during rabi 2021 with 18 genotypes and three replications in randomized block design at centurion farm, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management (CUTM), Paralakhemundi, Odisha. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of square due to genotype was highly significant for all the characters under study except for days to 50% flowering. The estimates of mean performance on fruit yield per plant revealed that the genotype, Pusa Purple Long had highest fruit yield per plant (2.12 kg/plant) followed by Sabour Sadabahar (1.52 kg/plant), Green Long (1.17 kg/plant) and Black Beauty (1.15 kg/plant). The magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation was lower than the corresponding phenotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters under test. The high estimation of heritability united with high estimation of genetic advance was recorded for the characters like fruit yield per plant, fruit weight, plant height and fruit length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for the traits fruit length, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, shelf life of fruit and fruit yield per plant.
本研究于2021年rabi期间在奥里萨邦百夫长农场、M. S. Swaminathan农业学院、百夫长技术与管理大学(CUTM)、parakhemundi的百夫长农场进行了18个基因型和3个随机区组设计。方差分析表明，除开花天数至50%外，所有性状的基因型平均平方和均极显著。单株产量的平均表现估计表明，基因型普萨紫龙单株产量最高(2.12 kg/株)，其次是萨布尔萨达巴哈(1.52 kg/株)、绿龙(1.17 kg/株)和黑美(1.15 kg/株)。所有被试性状的基因型变异系数均小于相应的表型变异系数。单株果产量、果重、株高、果长等性状的遗传力和遗传进步均达到高估计。果实长、果实重、单株果数、果实保质期和单株果产量等性状的遗传力高，遗传推进率高，占平均值的百分比。
{"title":"Assessment of genetic parameters on various quantitative traits in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)","authors":"G. S. Manogna, A. Mounkia, G. Pushpalata, P. Shampa, N. Chaurasia","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-867","url":null,"abstract":"Present investigation was carried out during rabi 2021 with 18 genotypes and three replications in randomized block design at centurion farm, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management (CUTM), Paralakhemundi, Odisha. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of square due to genotype was highly significant for all the characters under study except for days to 50% flowering. The estimates of mean performance on fruit yield per plant revealed that the genotype, Pusa Purple Long had highest fruit yield per plant (2.12 kg/plant) followed by Sabour Sadabahar (1.52 kg/plant), Green Long (1.17 kg/plant) and Black Beauty (1.15 kg/plant). The magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation was lower than the corresponding phenotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters under test. The high estimation of heritability united with high estimation of genetic advance was recorded for the characters like fruit yield per plant, fruit weight, plant height and fruit length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for the traits fruit length, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, shelf life of fruit and fruit yield per plant.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72985789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-839
Deimonlang Nongtdu, R. Krishnamoorthy, R. Raman, K. Dhanasekaran
Green revolution technologies played an important role in alleviating hunger but had adverse effects on natural resources. Our Indian agriculture completely transformed from begging bowl to self-sufficiency in food grain production with high yielding varieties supported by judicious inorganic fertilizers. In addition to that we have crossed the self-sufficiency level and focusing more on speciality agriculture. But at the same time, we forgot practising and recycling the organic manures which sustained the soil health and quality of produce. For a better yield achievement, combination of organic foliar nutrition will help in management of input practices. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Experimental Farm, Annamalai University during Kuruvai season in 2021 to evaluate the effect of organic foliar nutrients on growth and yield of rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of amirthakaraisal, panchagavya, vermiwash, fish amino acid, sea weed extract, humic acid, gibberellic acid and jeevamritham with different concentration along with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Short duration rice variety ADT-43 was used as test variety. The foliar spray was done at active tillering and panicle premordial initiation stage. Among the treatments tried out, RDF+Jeevamritham at 3% recorded the maximum plant height (114.70 cm), leaf area index (6.14), number of panicles/m2 (396), number of filled grains/panicle (102.67), grain yield (5752 kg/ha) and straw yield (7953 kg/ha). Therefore, it can be suggested as a substitute source of nutrients for the growth and yield of rice.
{"title":"Effect of organic foliar nutrients on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa)","authors":"Deimonlang Nongtdu, R. Krishnamoorthy, R. Raman, K. Dhanasekaran","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-839","url":null,"abstract":"Green revolution technologies played an important role in alleviating hunger but had adverse effects on natural resources. Our Indian agriculture completely transformed from begging bowl to self-sufficiency in food grain production with high yielding varieties supported by judicious inorganic fertilizers. In addition to that we have crossed the self-sufficiency level and focusing more on speciality agriculture. But at the same time, we forgot practising and recycling the organic manures which sustained the soil health and quality of produce. For a better yield achievement, combination of organic foliar nutrition will help in management of input practices. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Experimental Farm, Annamalai University during Kuruvai season in 2021 to evaluate the effect of organic foliar nutrients on growth and yield of rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of amirthakaraisal, panchagavya, vermiwash, fish amino acid, sea weed extract, humic acid, gibberellic acid and jeevamritham with different concentration along with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Short duration rice variety ADT-43 was used as test variety. The foliar spray was done at active tillering and panicle premordial initiation stage. Among the treatments tried out, RDF+Jeevamritham at 3% recorded the maximum plant height (114.70 cm), leaf area index (6.14), number of panicles/m2 (396), number of filled grains/panicle (102.67), grain yield (5752 kg/ha) and straw yield (7953 kg/ha). Therefore, it can be suggested as a substitute source of nutrients for the growth and yield of rice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85600874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-26DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11101
I. Ahmadi, A. Bakhshandeh, M. Gharineh
Understanding the interaction between crop-weed competition and herbicide doses may, in many cases, result in a recommendation to reduce the consumption of the herbicide, which is both environmentally and economically important. Nitrogen fertilizer also influences the competitive balance through changes in weed density and biomass, and also contributes to environmental pollution. Hence, the evaluation of the interaction of herbicide doses and nitrogen fertilizer application is necessary for proper management of weeds and achieving acceptable economic yield along with minimizing environmental negative impacts. In order to modelling wheat–Sinapis arvensis L. and Avena ludoviciana Durieu competition in response to urea and herbicide doses Othello OD, a field experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Urea fertilizer included five levels of 0, 45, 90, 180 and 330 kg/ha of urea was considered as the main plot and the herbicide dose of “Othello OD” in six levels of 0, 0.32, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28 and 1.6 l/ha (recommended dose 1.6 l/ha) was considered as the sub-plot. Based on the combined model, the dosage required for reducing the weed biomass to less than 150 g/m2 with consuming of 0, 45, 90, 180, 250 and 330 kg/ha of urea fertilizer was predicted to be 0.64, 1.04, 1.12, 0.96, 0.88 and 0.80 l/ha, respectively. Also, with application of 330 kg urea fertilizer with 0.32, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28 and 1.6 l/ha of herbicide, wheat grain yield respectively, 298.58, 450.62, 585.74, 654.35 and 675.58 g/m2, receipt. The lowest number of weed seeds was obtained in 1523.58 with 330 kg/ha urea fertilizer with 1.6 l/ha of herbicide dose.
{"title":"Modelling the interaction of urea fertilizer and herbicide doses on wheat yield in competition with weed","authors":"I. Ahmadi, A. Bakhshandeh, M. Gharineh","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11101","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the interaction between crop-weed competition and herbicide doses may, in many cases, result in a recommendation to reduce the consumption of the herbicide, which is both environmentally and economically important. Nitrogen fertilizer also influences the competitive balance through changes in weed density and biomass, and also contributes to environmental pollution. Hence, the evaluation of the interaction of herbicide doses and nitrogen fertilizer application is necessary for proper management of weeds and achieving acceptable economic yield along with minimizing environmental negative impacts. In order to modelling wheat–Sinapis arvensis L. and Avena ludoviciana Durieu competition in response to urea and herbicide doses Othello OD, a field experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Urea fertilizer included five levels of 0, 45, 90, 180 and 330 kg/ha of urea was considered as the main plot and the herbicide dose of “Othello OD” in six levels of 0, 0.32, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28 and 1.6 l/ha (recommended dose 1.6 l/ha) was considered as the sub-plot. Based on the combined model, the dosage required for reducing the weed biomass to less than 150 g/m2 with consuming of 0, 45, 90, 180, 250 and 330 kg/ha of urea fertilizer was predicted to be 0.64, 1.04, 1.12, 0.96, 0.88 and 0.80 l/ha, respectively. Also, with application of 330 kg urea fertilizer with 0.32, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28 and 1.6 l/ha of herbicide, wheat grain yield respectively, 298.58, 450.62, 585.74, 654.35 and 675.58 g/m2, receipt. The lowest number of weed seeds was obtained in 1523.58 with 330 kg/ha urea fertilizer with 1.6 l/ha of herbicide dose.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73261854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-26DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-885
G. Bhargavi, A. Sundari
The intensive agriculture involves imbalanced application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and their low nutrient efficiency will ultimately have a negative impact on soil. In the new scenario of increasing environmental constraints may represent an opportunity for nano fertilizers. Among the recent technologies, nano fertilizers are the emerging innovation, which have the potential to offer sustainable solutions to enhance the efficient use of nutrients and the crop yield. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India during kharif 2021-22 to study the effect of nano urea on the growth and yield of rice under system of rice intensification. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with five replications. There were four treatments viz., T1–Farmer’spractice with RDF 120:40:40 (NPK kg/ha), T2–100% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K, T3–75% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K and T4–50% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K. The experimental findings revealed that application of 75% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K found to be most productive in terms of plant height (32.1, 65.7, 83.6 cm), leaf area index (5.10), dry matter production (3.2, 7.2, 13.2 t/ha) and number of productive tillers/m2 (17.6) resulting in higher grain yield (5485.2 kg/ha) and straw yield (7525.2 kg/ha). Nano fertilizers significantly improved the plant growth performance and imparted sustainability to crop production with comprising the crop yield.
{"title":"Effect of nano urea on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) under SRI in the Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"G. Bhargavi, A. Sundari","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-885","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive agriculture involves imbalanced application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and their low nutrient efficiency will ultimately have a negative impact on soil. In the new scenario of increasing environmental constraints may represent an opportunity for nano fertilizers. Among the recent technologies, nano fertilizers are the emerging innovation, which have the potential to offer sustainable solutions to enhance the efficient use of nutrients and the crop yield. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India during kharif 2021-22 to study the effect of nano urea on the growth and yield of rice under system of rice intensification. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with five replications. There were four treatments viz., T1–Farmer’spractice with RDF 120:40:40 (NPK kg/ha), T2–100% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K, T3–75% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K and T4–50% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K. The experimental findings revealed that application of 75% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K found to be most productive in terms of plant height (32.1, 65.7, 83.6 cm), leaf area index (5.10), dry matter production (3.2, 7.2, 13.2 t/ha) and number of productive tillers/m2 (17.6) resulting in higher grain yield (5485.2 kg/ha) and straw yield (7525.2 kg/ha). Nano fertilizers significantly improved the plant growth performance and imparted sustainability to crop production with comprising the crop yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90286431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-26DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-868
Bhumireddy Divya Vani, N. Ramesh, S. Manimaran, P. Thangavel
The study area is warm, semi-arid and is highly variable with droughts and irregular occurrences of above average rainfall resulting in water scarcity thus leading to ground water stress and less soil organic matter which is a major constraint for agriculture. To mitigate this, a field experiment was carried out during kharif June 2020 at farmers’ field of Chinna Dudyala village, Muddanur, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh to evaluate the effect of organic mulches and kaolin clay foliar spray in dry land maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design consisting of nine treatments and three replications, viz. T1–Paddy straw mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T2–Paddy straw mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS, T3–Groundnut haulm mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T4–Groundnut haulm mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS, T5–Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T6–Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS, T7–Sugarcane trash mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T8–Sugar cane trash mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS and T9–Farmer’s practice (No mulch). Among the different treatments, the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were favourably influenced with the application of Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS. These results proved that application of Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS enhanced the soil physical condition and provided sustainable crop growth and productivity of maize.
{"title":"Effect of organic mulches and kaolin clay foliar spray on growth, yield attributes and yield of dry land maize (Zea mays)","authors":"Bhumireddy Divya Vani, N. Ramesh, S. Manimaran, P. Thangavel","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-868","url":null,"abstract":"The study area is warm, semi-arid and is highly variable with droughts and irregular occurrences of above average rainfall resulting in water scarcity thus leading to ground water stress and less soil organic matter which is a major constraint for agriculture. To mitigate this, a field experiment was carried out during kharif June 2020 at farmers’ field of Chinna Dudyala village, Muddanur, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh to evaluate the effect of organic mulches and kaolin clay foliar spray in dry land maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design consisting of nine treatments and three replications, viz. T1–Paddy straw mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T2–Paddy straw mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS, T3–Groundnut haulm mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T4–Groundnut haulm mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS, T5–Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T6–Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS, T7–Sugarcane trash mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T8–Sugar cane trash mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS and T9–Farmer’s practice (No mulch). Among the different treatments, the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were favourably influenced with the application of Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS. These results proved that application of Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS enhanced the soil physical condition and provided sustainable crop growth and productivity of maize.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85814541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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