Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-952
S. K. Ozukum, C. S. Maiti, Pankaj Shah, P. Alila, A. Sarkar, L. Hemanta, Khamrang Mathukmi
In vitro propagated banana plants are steadily becoming the planting material of choice because of disease free, uniformity and the possibility of rapid multiplication. The present investigation was carried out at the tissue culture laboratory, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus during the year 2019-2022. Data recorded for different parameters viz. days to greening, days required for multiple buds’ initiation, number of multiple buds produced per explant and length of multiple buds after 30 days were subjected to completely randomized design (CRD). The present study revealed the importance of various carbon sources and their role in micropropagation of banana through shoot tip culture. The minimum days required for root initiation were observed in root induction media (RIM) supplemented with 30g glucose. Rooting percentage (%), number of roots per shoot and length of longest roots (cm) after 30 days was seen in RIM supplemented with table sugar at 40g, 30g and 20g respectively. Meanwhile maximum average length of shoot (cm) after 30 days was observed in RIM supplemented with 40g glucose and highest number of leaves per plantlets was recorded in RIM supplemented with 30g sucrose. The results indicate the significance of carbon sources in micropropagation of banana. They improved plant regeneration and facilitated rapid multiplication of disease and virus free banana plantlets.
{"title":"Response of carbon sources and their various concentrations on in vitro rooting of banana cv. Chinichampa (AAB) through shoot tip ","authors":"S. K. Ozukum, C. S. Maiti, Pankaj Shah, P. Alila, A. Sarkar, L. Hemanta, Khamrang Mathukmi","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-952","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro propagated banana plants are steadily becoming the planting material of choice because of disease free, uniformity and the possibility of rapid multiplication. The present investigation was carried out at the tissue culture laboratory, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus during the year 2019-2022. Data recorded for different parameters viz. days to greening, days required for multiple buds’ initiation, number of multiple buds produced per explant and length of multiple buds after 30 days were subjected to completely randomized design (CRD). The present study revealed the importance of various carbon sources and their role in micropropagation of banana through shoot tip culture. The minimum days required for root initiation were observed in root induction media (RIM) supplemented with 30g glucose. Rooting percentage (%), number of roots per shoot and length of longest roots (cm) after 30 days was seen in RIM supplemented with table sugar at 40g, 30g and 20g respectively. Meanwhile maximum average length of shoot (cm) after 30 days was observed in RIM supplemented with 40g glucose and highest number of leaves per plantlets was recorded in RIM supplemented with 30g sucrose. The results indicate the significance of carbon sources in micropropagation of banana. They improved plant regeneration and facilitated rapid multiplication of disease and virus free banana plantlets.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140453617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-945
S. K. Ozukum, C. S. Maiti, Khamrang Mathukmi
Bananas are one of the most important tropical fruits in the world market, a significant staple food and a major export commodity. In vitro propagated banana plants are steadily becoming the planting material of choice because of disease free, uniformity and the possibility of rapid multiplication. The present investigation was carried out at the tissue culture laboratory, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus during the year 2019-2022. Data recorded for different parameters viz. days to greening, days required for multiple buds’ initiation, number of multiple buds produced per explant and length of multiple buds after 30 days were subjected to completely randomized design (CRD). The present study revealed the importance of various carbon sources and its role in micropropagation of banana through shoot tip culture. The minimum day to greening, multiple buds initiation and maximum length of multiple buds was observed in shoot proliferation medium supplemented (SPM S) with 30g sucrose. The highest number of multiple buds was recorded in shoot proliferation medium supplemented with 30g table sugar. The results indicate the significance of sucrose as carbon sources in micropropagation of banana. They improved plant regeneration and facilitated rapid multiplication of disease and virus free banana plantlets.
{"title":"Response of various carbon sources for in vitro culture establishment and shoot proliferation of banana cv. Chinichampa (AAB) through shoot tip ","authors":"S. K. Ozukum, C. S. Maiti, Khamrang Mathukmi","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-945","url":null,"abstract":"Bananas are one of the most important tropical fruits in the world market, a significant staple food and a major export commodity. In vitro propagated banana plants are steadily becoming the planting material of choice because of disease free, uniformity and the possibility of rapid multiplication. The present investigation was carried out at the tissue culture laboratory, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus during the year 2019-2022. Data recorded for different parameters viz. days to greening, days required for multiple buds’ initiation, number of multiple buds produced per explant and length of multiple buds after 30 days were subjected to completely randomized design (CRD). The present study revealed the importance of various carbon sources and its role in micropropagation of banana through shoot tip culture. The minimum day to greening, multiple buds initiation and maximum length of multiple buds was observed in shoot proliferation medium supplemented (SPM S) with 30g sucrose. The highest number of multiple buds was recorded in shoot proliferation medium supplemented with 30g table sugar. The results indicate the significance of sucrose as carbon sources in micropropagation of banana. They improved plant regeneration and facilitated rapid multiplication of disease and virus free banana plantlets.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140453758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-941
Prince Mishra, Hari Baksh, R. Singh, Aman Srivastav
An experiment was conducted at Experimental unit (Pilikothi) Department of Horticulture, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur during 2019-20 to assess the effect of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady. The saplings of papaya were transplanted on 15th October with a spacing of 1.8 m×1.8 m. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eleven treatments replicated thrice. Result indicated that the maximum plant height (260.48 cm), stem girth (46.52 cm), petiole length (80.38 cm), leaf area (1406.15 cm2) and plant spread (193.32 cm) was recorded with T9 (Neem cake + Azotobacter + PSB) application followed by plant height (255.28 cm), stem girth (42.24 cm), petiole length (76.15 cm), leaf area (1388.22 cm2), plant spread (189.49 cm) with T7 (Vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB) and minimum in control. Observations recorded on yield and yield contributing characters revealed that the fruit length (35.48 cm), fruit diameter (16.22 cm), fruit volume (1272.45 cc), fruit weight (1274.82 gm), fruit yield per plant (58.4 kg), fruit yield per plot (467.2 kg), fruit yield per hectare (72.6 q) was recorded maximum with T10 (Farm yard manure + Vermicompost +Poultry manure + Neem Cake + Azotobacter + PSB) and the minimum values of these characters were recorded T11 under control.
{"title":"Effect of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady","authors":"Prince Mishra, Hari Baksh, R. Singh, Aman Srivastav","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-941","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at Experimental unit (Pilikothi) Department of Horticulture, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur during 2019-20 to assess the effect of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady. The saplings of papaya were transplanted on 15th October with a spacing of 1.8 m×1.8 m. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eleven treatments replicated thrice. Result indicated that the maximum plant height (260.48 cm), stem girth (46.52 cm), petiole length (80.38 cm), leaf area (1406.15 cm2) and plant spread (193.32 cm) was recorded with T9 (Neem cake + Azotobacter + PSB) application followed by plant height (255.28 cm), stem girth (42.24 cm), petiole length (76.15 cm), leaf area (1388.22 cm2), plant spread (189.49 cm) with T7 (Vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB) and minimum in control. Observations recorded on yield and yield contributing characters revealed that the fruit length (35.48 cm), fruit diameter (16.22 cm), fruit volume (1272.45 cc), fruit weight (1274.82 gm), fruit yield per plant (58.4 kg), fruit yield per plot (467.2 kg), fruit yield per hectare (72.6 q) was recorded maximum with T10 (Farm yard manure + Vermicompost +Poultry manure + Neem Cake + Azotobacter + PSB) and the minimum values of these characters were recorded T11 under control.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140453421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-937
E. Balaji, R. Raman, R. Krishnamoorthy, K. Dhanasekaran
Weeds cause a 57 per cent yield loss in transplanted rice and an 82 per cent yield loss in direct seeded rice, resulting in a $4.20 billion monetary loss per year. Weed infestation, species richness, density, dry matter accumulation and duration of association significantly affects rice grain production. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in farmer’s field in Thiruvennainallur village, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, India during Navarai season of 2021, in order to evaluate the different weed management practices on growth and yield of rice under transplanted conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design, having fourteen treatment and replicated thrice. Treatment consists of hand weeding, butachlor, pretilachlor, pyrazosulfuron ethyl, bispyribac sodium, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, Triafamone + ethoxy sulfuron, metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl and penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl were used as herbicides. Among the different herbicides tried out, pre emergence application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 0.15 g/ha fb post emergence application of bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 0.25 l/ha recorded least weed density (15.55, 29.56 m-2), weed biomass (8.25, 16.02 g/m2) with weed index (2.18 %) and highest weed control index (89.22%, 85.18%), plant height (97.21 cm), dry matter production (12735 kg/ha), number of productive tillers/m2 (349.23), grain yield (6416 kg/ha) and straw yield (7839 kg/ha). Sequential application of pre-emergence followed by post emergence enhance the reduction of weed leads to higher productivity of transplanted rice.
{"title":"Evaluation of different weed management practices on growth and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northeastern Zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"E. Balaji, R. Raman, R. Krishnamoorthy, K. Dhanasekaran","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-937","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds cause a 57 per cent yield loss in transplanted rice and an 82 per cent yield loss in direct seeded rice, resulting in a $4.20 billion monetary loss per year. Weed infestation, species richness, density, dry matter accumulation and duration of association significantly affects rice grain production. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in farmer’s field in Thiruvennainallur village, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, India during Navarai season of 2021, in order to evaluate the different weed management practices on growth and yield of rice under transplanted conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design, having fourteen treatment and replicated thrice. Treatment consists of hand weeding, butachlor, pretilachlor, pyrazosulfuron ethyl, bispyribac sodium, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, Triafamone + ethoxy sulfuron, metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl and penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl were used as herbicides. Among the different herbicides tried out, pre emergence application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 0.15 g/ha fb post emergence application of bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 0.25 l/ha recorded least weed density (15.55, 29.56 m-2), weed biomass (8.25, 16.02 g/m2) with weed index (2.18 %) and highest weed control index (89.22%, 85.18%), plant height (97.21 cm), dry matter production (12735 kg/ha), number of productive tillers/m2 (349.23), grain yield (6416 kg/ha) and straw yield (7839 kg/ha). Sequential application of pre-emergence followed by post emergence enhance the reduction of weed leads to higher productivity of transplanted rice.","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140454400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India has a power capacity of 4,02,817 MW, with over half coming from coal-based thermal power plants like the Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant (KTPP), West Bengal, India. These plants produce harmful fly ash, requiring safe disposal. KTPP alone generated 0.5921 million tons of fly ash in 2020-21, managed using ash ponds. Concerns have arisen regarding contamination of nearby agricultural fields, impacting rice cultivation. The objective of the study was to understand how fly ash affects soil and seed germination and emphasizes the importance of making careful decisions when using industrial residues in agriculture to ensure sustainable and responsible practices that prioritize environmental health and plant well-being.Samples were collected from areas near KTPP, and plant growth substrates were prepared by mixing control soil with varying fly ash concentrations. The study was conducted between 15 February and 19 May 2023 in PnaskuraBanamali College (Autonomous), Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. The physical and chemical properties of these substrates were analyzed, and rice seed germination studies were carried out over 30 days. The subsequent transplantation and growth assessments included measuring shoots and roots, analyzing leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids, and conducting statistical evaluations. The experiments were triplicated, and statistical analyses using SPSS 16 indicated statistical significance at p less than 0.05.The study helps to understand how fly ash affects soil and seed germination, revealing both positive and negative effects on soil properties and plant growth. It emphasizes the need for careful decision-making when using industrial residues in agriculture to ensure sustainable and responsible practices that prioritize both environmental health and plant well-being.
{"title":"Evaluating the effect of fly ash on soil properties and germination of rice (Oryza sativa): A study on the utilization of thermal power plant residue","authors":"Biswajit Paul, Abhishek Samanta, Nandan Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-949","url":null,"abstract":"India has a power capacity of 4,02,817 MW, with over half coming from coal-based thermal power plants like the Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant (KTPP), West Bengal, India. These plants produce harmful fly ash, requiring safe disposal. KTPP alone generated 0.5921 million tons of fly ash in 2020-21, managed using ash ponds. Concerns have arisen regarding contamination of nearby agricultural fields, impacting rice cultivation. The objective of the study was to understand how fly ash affects soil and seed germination and emphasizes the importance of making careful decisions when using industrial residues in agriculture to ensure sustainable and responsible practices that prioritize environmental health and plant well-being.Samples were collected from areas near KTPP, and plant growth substrates were prepared by mixing control soil with varying fly ash concentrations. The study was conducted between 15 February and 19 May 2023 in PnaskuraBanamali College (Autonomous), Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. The physical and chemical properties of these substrates were analyzed, and rice seed germination studies were carried out over 30 days. The subsequent transplantation and growth assessments included measuring shoots and roots, analyzing leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids, and conducting statistical evaluations. The experiments were triplicated, and statistical analyses using SPSS 16 indicated statistical significance at p less than 0.05.The study helps to understand how fly ash affects soil and seed germination, revealing both positive and negative effects on soil properties and plant growth. It emphasizes the need for careful decision-making when using industrial residues in agriculture to ensure sustainable and responsible practices that prioritize both environmental health and plant well-being.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-942
Joshita Nongthombam, R. Gobi, A. Balasubramanian, S. Sathiyamurthi
Enhancing agricultural sustainability demands optimizing fertilizer usage for increased yield. Application of key nutrients like nitrogen, essential for plant vigour, sulphur aiding metabolic processes, and silicon fortifying plant resilience, stand vital. Strategically refining the application of these elements is crucial for augmenting crop output while ensuring ecological balance. So, the field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University during Rabi season of the year 2022-2023 to study the effect of nitrogen, sulphur and silicon application on growth and yield of lowland rice. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatment consisted of 100 % and 125 % nitrogen, 30 and 45 kg sulphur/ha and silicon with different combinations. Half dose of nitrogen and full dose of phosphorus and potassium were applied basally just before transplanting except control treatment. 25 kg N/ha supplied through urea according to Leaf Color Chart (LCC4) reading to the respective treatment plots. Among the different treatments tried, 125% RDN (50% N basal + LCC4 @ 25kg N/ha through Urea) + 45 kg S/ha (Sulphur through Gypsum) + 200 kg Si/ha (Silicon through Diatomaceous Earth) recorded the higher plant height (110.48 cm), LAI (6.74), CGR (9.20 g/m2/day), DMP (13441 kg/ha), number of tillers/m2 (567.18), number of panicles/m2 (406.93), number of filled grains/panicle (133.13), grain yield (6419 kg/ha) and straw yield (7935 kg/ha). The results indicated that, combined use of 125 % nitrogen, 45 kg S/ha, 200 kg Si/ha improved the yield attributes and yield of rice.
{"title":"Impact of nitrogen, sulphur and silicon application on the growth and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu ","authors":"Joshita Nongthombam, R. Gobi, A. Balasubramanian, S. Sathiyamurthi","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-942","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing agricultural sustainability demands optimizing fertilizer usage for increased yield. Application of key nutrients like nitrogen, essential for plant vigour, sulphur aiding metabolic processes, and silicon fortifying plant resilience, stand vital. Strategically refining the application of these elements is crucial for augmenting crop output while ensuring ecological balance. So, the field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University during Rabi season of the year 2022-2023 to study the effect of nitrogen, sulphur and silicon application on growth and yield of lowland rice. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatment consisted of 100 % and 125 % nitrogen, 30 and 45 kg sulphur/ha and silicon with different combinations. Half dose of nitrogen and full dose of phosphorus and potassium were applied basally just before transplanting except control treatment. 25 kg N/ha supplied through urea according to Leaf Color Chart (LCC4) reading to the respective treatment plots. Among the different treatments tried, 125% RDN (50% N basal + LCC4 @ 25kg N/ha through Urea) + 45 kg S/ha (Sulphur through Gypsum) + 200 kg Si/ha (Silicon through Diatomaceous Earth) recorded the higher plant height (110.48 cm), LAI (6.74), CGR (9.20 g/m2/day), DMP (13441 kg/ha), number of tillers/m2 (567.18), number of panicles/m2 (406.93), number of filled grains/panicle (133.13), grain yield (6419 kg/ha) and straw yield (7935 kg/ha). The results indicated that, combined use of 125 % nitrogen, 45 kg S/ha, 200 kg Si/ha improved the yield attributes and yield of rice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140454431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-840
D. Sathyaraj, T. Sabesan, K. Sowmia, K. Saravanan, P. S. Kumar
The present study was undertaken to expose the flash flood tolerance of rice germplasm for some important quantitative traits with genetic variability existing in the 30 rice genotypes. The coefficients of variation at phenotypic and genotypic levels were marginally high for number of grains per panicle, grain yield per plant, grain breadth, 100-grain weight and number of productive tillers per plant and moderate for the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length and grain length for both normal and flash flood condition. From the results, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance of per cent of mean was observed for grain yield per plant, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and 100-grain weight in both normal and flash flood condition, which indicated the predominance of additive gene action, in controlling these traits, early and simple selection could be exercised due to fixable additive gene effects.
{"title":"Genetic variability of rice genotypes under screening of normal and flash flood condition","authors":"D. Sathyaraj, T. Sabesan, K. Sowmia, K. Saravanan, P. S. Kumar","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-840","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to expose the flash flood tolerance of rice germplasm for some important quantitative traits with genetic variability existing in the 30 rice genotypes. The coefficients of variation at phenotypic and genotypic levels were marginally high for number of grains per panicle, grain yield per plant, grain breadth, 100-grain weight and number of productive tillers per plant and moderate for the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length and grain length for both normal and flash flood condition. From the results, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance of per cent of mean was observed for grain yield per plant, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and 100-grain weight in both normal and flash flood condition, which indicated the predominance of additive gene action, in controlling these traits, early and simple selection could be exercised due to fixable additive gene effects.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90917583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-899
U. Tiwari, S. Singh, R. Singh, N. -, P. Saini, Alok Kumar Mourya, Ekta Saini
This study was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Nawabganj, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U. P.) during rabi 2021-22 for estimating the components of variance and other genetic parameters through 8 x 8 parent diallel cross excluding reciprocals for 11 characters in bread wheat. The variance component analysis indicated significant role of additive (D̂) and dominant (Ĥ1 and Ĥ2) genetic components for all the traits viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers per plant, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%) and grain yield per plant (g) except additive component for 1000-grain weight (2.60) and dominant component for number of spikelets per spike (2.91 and 2.53). The estimates of dominant components (Ĥ1 and Ĥ2) were mostly greater than additive component (D̂) for all the characters indicating the greater role of non-additive gene action in the expression of attributes. The relative magnitudes of Ĥ1 component were higher than Ĥ2 component for all the characters except spike length (0.39) indicating unequal distribution of positive and negative alleles in the parent. Over dominance expression for all the attributes was due to the involvement of asymmetrical distribution of dominant genes with positive and negative effects in the parents for all the characters except spike length. Based on study, it was revealed that both additive and non-additive genes were responsible for expression of almost major of the traits.
{"title":"Study on genetic components of grain yield and its contributing characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ","authors":"U. Tiwari, S. Singh, R. Singh, N. -, P. Saini, Alok Kumar Mourya, Ekta Saini","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-899","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Nawabganj, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U. P.) during rabi 2021-22 for estimating the components of variance and other genetic parameters through 8 x 8 parent diallel cross excluding reciprocals for 11 characters in bread wheat. The variance component analysis indicated significant role of additive (D̂) and dominant (Ĥ1 and Ĥ2) genetic components for all the traits viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers per plant, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%) and grain yield per plant (g) except additive component for 1000-grain weight (2.60) and dominant component for number of spikelets per spike (2.91 and 2.53). The estimates of dominant components (Ĥ1 and Ĥ2) were mostly greater than additive component (D̂) for all the characters indicating the greater role of non-additive gene action in the expression of attributes. The relative magnitudes of Ĥ1 component were higher than Ĥ2 component for all the characters except spike length (0.39) indicating unequal distribution of positive and negative alleles in the parent. Over dominance expression for all the attributes was due to the involvement of asymmetrical distribution of dominant genes with positive and negative effects in the parents for all the characters except spike length. Based on study, it was revealed that both additive and non-additive genes were responsible for expression of almost major of the traits.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83249331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-866
Mukesh Kumar, Dama Ram, A. Choudhary, M. Saran
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a versatile cereal crop grown for food, feed and forages. It is affected by several diseases. Among them the bajra blast caused by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. has become a serious threat to pearl millet grain and fodder production from last 8-10 years. In the present study, efficacy of nine fungicides was evaluated in vitro at three different concentrations (1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) at Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Agricultural University, Jodhpur in 2020-21. Among all, tricyclazole, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% and tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% at all the concentrations completely inhibited the mycelial growth (100%) over control and were found significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Fungicide carbendazim was the second best with (99,100 and 100% inhibition) at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations, respectively followed by tricyclozole18%+mancozeb 62% with (95, 97 and 100% inhibition) at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations, respectively. While chlorothalonil fungicide was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth (46, 48 and 51%) at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations, respectively.
{"title":"In vitro efficacy of different fungicides against Pyricularia grisea caused blast disease of pearl millet","authors":"Mukesh Kumar, Dama Ram, A. Choudhary, M. Saran","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-866","url":null,"abstract":"Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a versatile cereal crop grown for food, feed and forages. It is affected by several diseases. Among them the bajra blast caused by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. has become a serious threat to pearl millet grain and fodder production from last 8-10 years. In the present study, efficacy of nine fungicides was evaluated in vitro at three different concentrations (1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) at Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Agricultural University, Jodhpur in 2020-21. Among all, tricyclazole, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% and tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% at all the concentrations completely inhibited the mycelial growth (100%) over control and were found significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Fungicide carbendazim was the second best with (99,100 and 100% inhibition) at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations, respectively followed by tricyclozole18%+mancozeb 62% with (95, 97 and 100% inhibition) at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations, respectively. While chlorothalonil fungicide was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth (46, 48 and 51%) at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations, respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89359458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-897
Suruchi V. Vyawahare, R. Pagare, Prachi A. Saoji
This study was conducted to augment genetic variability in niger plant (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) using gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) Niger (G. abyssinica) seeds of cultivar N-71 were exposed to various doses of gamma rays which ranged from 24 to 28 KR and different concentrations of EMS which ranged from 0.2 to 0.4% and in combination. Morphogenic and agronomic traits in the M1 and M2 generations that analyzed included: percentage of germination and survival, plant height, number of branches, capitulum size, number of ray florets per capitulum, number of disc florets per capitulum, head size, number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitulum, seed yield per plant and 1000-seed weight. The results of the present study showed that the three gamma irradiation doses used (24, 26 and 28 KR) had decreasing effect in most of the agronomic and morphological traits evaluated in M1. However, combination treatments like 24 KR+0.2% EMS and 26KR+0.4% EMS showed a noteworthy increase of grain yield and yield related components. In general, for the three irradiation doses in M1 population, there were no significant changes observed in morphological traits, however, in progenies of collective mutagenic treated seeds some potential high-yielding mutants were identified.
{"title":"Mutagenic effect of gamma rays and EMS on agronomical traits of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.)","authors":"Suruchi V. Vyawahare, R. Pagare, Prachi A. Saoji","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-897","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to augment genetic variability in niger plant (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) using gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) Niger (G. abyssinica) seeds of cultivar N-71 were exposed to various doses of gamma rays which ranged from 24 to 28 KR and different concentrations of EMS which ranged from 0.2 to 0.4% and in combination. Morphogenic and agronomic traits in the M1 and M2 generations that analyzed included: percentage of germination and survival, plant height, number of branches, capitulum size, number of ray florets per capitulum, number of disc florets per capitulum, head size, number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitulum, seed yield per plant and 1000-seed weight. The results of the present study showed that the three gamma irradiation doses used (24, 26 and 28 KR) had decreasing effect in most of the agronomic and morphological traits evaluated in M1. However, combination treatments like 24 KR+0.2% EMS and 26KR+0.4% EMS showed a noteworthy increase of grain yield and yield related components. In general, for the three irradiation doses in M1 population, there were no significant changes observed in morphological traits, however, in progenies of collective mutagenic treated seeds some potential high-yielding mutants were identified.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85979733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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