Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.2174/0126667975303562240625061226
Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, A. Karimi, Ava Pashaei, Shaghayegh Kianzad, Mahdi Soleymanzadeh, Hengameh Mojdeganlou, Paniz Mojdeganlou, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, A. Razi, Mohsen Dashti, A. Shojaei, Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Ava Amiri, Sahar Nooralioghli Parikhani, E. Mehraeen, Shayesteh Jahanfar, A. Afsahi
The efforts to reduce COVID-19 transmission could significantly affect pollution and weather in most parts of the world due to the reduction of industrial activities and road transport. Hence, this systematic review aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution. The keywords were searched in the online databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane. We applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Generally ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, NOX, NO, SO2, CO, black carbon, BTX (benzene, toluene, and Xylene), NH3, HCHO, PAHs, CH4, Solid Waste, UFPs (Ultrafine particle, ≥115.5 nm)) decreased significantly during lockdown period due to restricted human activities. Noteworthy, controversial findings have been reported concerning O3 levels; most studies, especially in East Asia, reported enhancement in the levels of O3, which was mainly attributed to meteorology factors. Although the COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health crisis, the improvement in worldwide air quality status was significant. Generally, pollutants generated by industrial activities were observed to be significantly reduced during lockdowns.
{"title":"The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Air Pollution: A Systematic Review","authors":"Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, A. Karimi, Ava Pashaei, Shaghayegh Kianzad, Mahdi Soleymanzadeh, Hengameh Mojdeganlou, Paniz Mojdeganlou, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, A. Razi, Mohsen Dashti, A. Shojaei, Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Ava Amiri, Sahar Nooralioghli Parikhani, E. Mehraeen, Shayesteh Jahanfar, A. Afsahi","doi":"10.2174/0126667975303562240625061226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975303562240625061226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The efforts to reduce COVID-19 transmission could significantly affect\u0000pollution and weather in most parts of the world due to the reduction of industrial activities and road\u0000transport. Hence, this systematic review aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on\u0000air pollution.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The keywords were searched in the online databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane.\u0000We applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Generally ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, NOX, NO, SO2, CO, black carbon,\u0000BTX (benzene, toluene, and Xylene), NH3, HCHO, PAHs, CH4, Solid Waste, UFPs (Ultrafine particle,\u0000≥115.5 nm)) decreased significantly during lockdown period due to restricted human activities.\u0000Noteworthy, controversial findings have been reported concerning O3 levels; most studies, especially\u0000in East Asia, reported enhancement in the levels of O3, which was mainly attributed to meteorology\u0000factors. Although the COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health crisis, the improvement in\u0000worldwide air quality status was significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Generally, pollutants generated by industrial activities were observed to be significantly\u0000reduced during lockdowns.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The devastating outcomes of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak have traumatized the world, as they are highly infectious and mainly attack the respiratory tract. Although pregnant women are not at a higher risk of infection, it may result in more severe consequences than in the general population. Treatment of pregnant women with COVID-19 is challenging for doctors, as they need to consider the safety of both the mother and fetus. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the safety, effectiveness, and possible adverse outcomes of drugs used in COVID-19 pregnant women because they are generally excluded from clinical trials. We briefly reviewed the pathophysiology of drugs currently used in the treatment of COVID-19 in pregnant women and excluded drugs contraindicated during pregnancy. The safety of these drugs is derived from small case studies or clinical trials on other diseases. This article may be useful to physicians, researchers, and people interested in treating COVID-19.
{"title":"Pandemic and Pregnancy: Impact of COVID-19 Medication on Pregnant\u0000Women Outcomes","authors":"Jyotsana Dwivedi, Amrita Verma Pargaien, Bhawana Chilwal, Arpita Bhakuni, Shubhi Kaushal, Richa Dayaramani, Mukesh Chandra Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0126667975291684240528100603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975291684240528100603","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The devastating outcomes of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak have\u0000traumatized the world, as they are highly infectious and mainly attack the respiratory tract. Although\u0000pregnant women are not at a higher risk of infection, it may result in more severe consequences than\u0000in the general population. Treatment of pregnant women with COVID-19 is challenging for doctors,\u0000as they need to consider the safety of both the mother and fetus. In addition, there is a lack of\u0000knowledge regarding the safety, effectiveness, and possible adverse outcomes of drugs used in\u0000COVID-19 pregnant women because they are generally excluded from clinical trials. We briefly\u0000reviewed the pathophysiology of drugs currently used in the treatment of COVID-19 in pregnant\u0000women and excluded drugs contraindicated during pregnancy. The safety of these drugs is derived\u0000from small case studies or clinical trials on other diseases. This article may be useful to physicians,\u0000researchers, and people interested in treating COVID-19.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.2174/0126667975291873240506111439
D. Venkatesan, Sheetal Kaur, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Mohan Gomathi, Reza Rastmanesh, B. Vellingiri
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by a novel virus, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19-infected people have high chance of altered microbiota in various regions of the human body, such as gut, oral, and respiratory pathways. In one such case, gastrointestinal symptoms are mostly caused by disturbances in gut microbiota. The gut microbiota shows magnificent changes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The impairment of microbiota levels in humans can lead to various neurological diseases. Here, in the present chapter, we have discussed the probable mechanistic approaches of SARS-CoV-2 infection altering microbiota present in the gut, oral, and respiratory regions, thereby leading to neurological diseases – Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and depression mediated by inflammatory cytokines. We conclude that although there are many underpinnings in the current knowledge on the mechanism of COVID-19- related microbiota disturbance, it can be speculated that these mechanistic approaches may be more than just a coincidence. We advise conducting extensive epidemiologic investigations to create diagnostic and therapeutic options in the future.
{"title":"Microbiota and COVID-19: A Novel Diagnostic Approach to Health and Diseases","authors":"D. Venkatesan, Sheetal Kaur, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Mohan Gomathi, Reza Rastmanesh, B. Vellingiri","doi":"10.2174/0126667975291873240506111439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975291873240506111439","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by a novel virus,\u0000SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19-infected people have high chance of altered microbiota in various regions\u0000of the human body, such as gut, oral, and respiratory pathways. In one such case, gastrointestinal\u0000symptoms are mostly caused by disturbances in gut microbiota. The gut microbiota shows magnificent\u0000changes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The impairment of microbiota levels in humans\u0000can lead to various neurological diseases. Here, in the present chapter, we have discussed the probable\u0000mechanistic approaches of SARS-CoV-2 infection altering microbiota present in the gut, oral,\u0000and respiratory regions, thereby leading to neurological diseases – Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Alzheimer’s\u0000Disease (AD) and depression mediated by inflammatory cytokines. We conclude that although\u0000there are many underpinnings in the current knowledge on the mechanism of COVID-19-\u0000related microbiota disturbance, it can be speculated that these mechanistic approaches may be more\u0000than just a coincidence. We advise conducting extensive epidemiologic investigations to create diagnostic\u0000and therapeutic options in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.2174/0126667975285693240427073251
Asma Imran Ansari, M. Abbas, A. A. Rizvi, Sheeba Afreen, Shrikant Verma, Mahvish Mehdi, Sushma Verma, Farzana Mahdi
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) unleashed a global pneumonia pandemic, causing significant harm to both physical and mental health. It emphasized the urgency for specialized therapies and protective measures. Approaches, including immunotherapy, antiviral drugs, and lifestyle improvements, like diet and exercise, have shown promise in controlling viral spread before widespread vaccination. However, COVID-19 vaccinations, while critical for reducing disease severity, have been associated with potential side effects, including transient cognitive impairment, rare renal disorders, physiologic anomalies, and dermatological reactions. The scientific community continues to rigorously study these issues to ensure the safety and efficacy of vaccination programs and to address the multifaceted impact of the pandemic.
{"title":"Patient Outcomes and Healthcare Practices Before and After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"Asma Imran Ansari, M. Abbas, A. A. Rizvi, Sheeba Afreen, Shrikant Verma, Mahvish Mehdi, Sushma Verma, Farzana Mahdi","doi":"10.2174/0126667975285693240427073251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975285693240427073251","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) unleashed a global\u0000pneumonia pandemic, causing significant harm to both physical and mental health. It emphasized\u0000the urgency for specialized therapies and protective measures. Approaches, including immunotherapy,\u0000antiviral drugs, and lifestyle improvements, like diet and exercise, have shown promise in controlling\u0000viral spread before widespread vaccination. However, COVID-19 vaccinations, while critical\u0000for reducing disease severity, have been associated with potential side effects, including transient\u0000cognitive impairment, rare renal disorders, physiologic anomalies, and dermatological reactions. The\u0000scientific community continues to rigorously study these issues to ensure the safety and efficacy of\u0000vaccination programs and to address the multifaceted impact of the pandemic.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141008187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impressive and innovative efforts of scientists worldwide have played a pivotal role in shaping the development and production of COVID-19 vaccines, widely acknowledged as vital resources for pandemic control. The primary aim of this investigation was to identify the prevailing effects linked to these vaccines, particularly considering their implications for human well-being. An online survey was conducted in various cities in India, and a trial version of Qualtrics CoreXM software was implemented to prototype 22 questionnaires. After vaccination, respondents reported health changes: skin (26.9%), eye (22.3%), stomach issues (22.8%), respiratory (12.5%), and mental health (2.9%). Among 1,047 participants, 8.9% had intercourse, 11.3% men, 7.3% women. 17.9% were unsure; 19.7% were men, 13.7% were women, and 37.5% were "others". A majority (73.3%) reported no sexual experiences: 68.9% men, 78.8% women, and 62.5% "others". This study offers an extensive perspective on the vaccination situation in the northern region of India. It delves into the intricate demographic factors influencing vaccine acceptance and understanding potential side effects. These discoveries contribute substantially to the ongoing conversation regarding the COVID-19 vaccination and its various impacts on public health and societal welfare.
{"title":"Evaluating the Health Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination on the Population of East Punjab (India): A Comprehensive Survey","authors":"Chirag Aggrawal, Chander Mohan, Ayush, Ashna Gupta, Deepak Kumar, Ashish Kumar, Sweta Kamboj, Shikha Kamboj, Kumar Guarve, R. Kamboj","doi":"10.2174/0126667975289337240428021013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975289337240428021013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The impressive and innovative efforts of scientists worldwide have played a\u0000pivotal role in shaping the development and production of COVID-19 vaccines, widely acknowledged\u0000as vital resources for pandemic control.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The primary aim of this investigation was to identify the prevailing effects linked to these\u0000vaccines, particularly considering their implications for human well-being.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An online survey was conducted in various cities in India, and a trial version of Qualtrics\u0000CoreXM software was implemented to prototype 22 questionnaires.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000After vaccination, respondents reported health changes: skin (26.9%), eye (22.3%), stomach\u0000issues (22.8%), respiratory (12.5%), and mental health (2.9%). Among 1,047 participants, 8.9% had\u0000intercourse, 11.3% men, 7.3% women. 17.9% were unsure; 19.7% were men, 13.7% were women,\u0000and 37.5% were \"others\". A majority (73.3%) reported no sexual experiences: 68.9% men, 78.8%\u0000women, and 62.5% \"others\".\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study offers an extensive perspective on the vaccination situation in the northern\u0000region of India. It delves into the intricate demographic factors influencing vaccine acceptance and\u0000understanding potential side effects. These discoveries contribute substantially to the ongoing conversation\u0000regarding the COVID-19 vaccination and its various impacts on public health and societal\u0000welfare.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.2174/0126667975259296240409061101
Z. Tolou_Ghamari
Studies suggest that cancer is a main complication regarding life expectancy and a foremost reason for death worldwide. For the treatment of COVID-19 infected 703,525,337 cases with 6,984,801 deaths worldwide up to February 21, 2024, well-designed pharmacotherapy management in different diseases, such as cancer, is respected. This investigation aims to review the current accessible medical treatment for patients with different diseases, cancer, and COVID-19. The appropriate documents for this review were achieved by searching databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PUBMED. Relevant studies included in review articles, clinical trials, and case reports that were evaluated and used (n=109 articles). In those with cancer and COVID-19, publications reported worsened clinical conditions with a considerably higher risk of death. The result of existing regular antitumor management could be a basis of debate. In the general population, asymptomatic patients with positive nasopharyngeal swabs are recommended to receive antibiotic prophylaxis, and in those with symptomatic signs, adjustment of angiotensin-converting enzyme based on anti-hypertensive therapy should be considered. In patients with liver disease, nitazoxanide plus sofosbuvir, ivermectin, tocilizumab, convalescent plasma, and low molecular weight heparin in certain situations is recommended. Furthermore, favipiravir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine could also be recommended, but with caution regarding to polypharmacy interactions. For those with moderate disease, hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine/ azithromycin was recommended. In the patients with respiratory failure, convalescent plasma was suggested. In the populations where those symptoms progress to the sign of a cytokine storm, the antagonists of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were suggested. To reduce fever, however, ibuprofen showed more potent efficacy compared to acetaminophen, but it may delay the benefits of a fever response. Owing to the immune suppression that could be caused by anti-cancer drugs and deterioration of lung functions due to COVID-19, for proposed management regarding pharmacotherapy strategies, further evidence-based studies seem to be advantageous.
{"title":"Updated COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy in Different Diseases Such as Cancer","authors":"Z. Tolou_Ghamari","doi":"10.2174/0126667975259296240409061101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975259296240409061101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Studies suggest that cancer is a main complication regarding life expectancy\u0000and a foremost reason for death worldwide. For the treatment of COVID-19 infected 703,525,337\u0000cases with 6,984,801 deaths worldwide up to February 21, 2024, well-designed pharmacotherapy\u0000management in different diseases, such as cancer, is respected. This investigation aims to review the\u0000current accessible medical treatment for patients with different diseases, cancer, and COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The appropriate documents for this review were achieved by searching databases such as\u0000Web of Science, Scopus, and PUBMED. Relevant studies included in review articles, clinical trials,\u0000and case reports that were evaluated and used (n=109 articles).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In those with cancer and COVID-19, publications reported worsened clinical conditions\u0000with a considerably higher risk of death. The result of existing regular antitumor management could\u0000be a basis of debate. In the general population, asymptomatic patients with positive nasopharyngeal\u0000swabs are recommended to receive antibiotic prophylaxis, and in those with symptomatic signs, adjustment\u0000of angiotensin-converting enzyme based on anti-hypertensive therapy should be considered.\u0000In patients with liver disease, nitazoxanide plus sofosbuvir, ivermectin, tocilizumab, convalescent\u0000plasma, and low molecular weight heparin in certain situations is recommended. Furthermore, favipiravir,\u0000chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine could also be recommended, but with caution regarding\u0000to polypharmacy interactions. For those with moderate disease, hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine/\u0000azithromycin was recommended. In the patients with respiratory failure, convalescent plasma\u0000was suggested. In the populations where those symptoms progress to the sign of a cytokine storm,\u0000the antagonists of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were suggested. To reduce fever, however, ibuprofen showed\u0000more potent efficacy compared to acetaminophen, but it may delay the benefits of a fever response.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Owing to the immune suppression that could be caused by anti-cancer drugs and deterioration\u0000of lung functions due to COVID-19, for proposed management regarding pharmacotherapy\u0000strategies, further evidence-based studies seem to be advantageous.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.2174/0126667975292793240320052355
Mana Shojapour, Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah, Mehrnoush Sohrab, Parastoo Karimi Aliabadi, Zahra Kashi, T. Jamialahmadi, Zahra Hosseini-khah, A. Sahebkar
COVID-19 causes a range of illnesses, from mild symptoms resembling the common cold to severe pulmonary damage leading to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Researchers worldwide are actively searching for the most effective medications with minimal side effects for treating COVID-19. This review aimed to discuss the therapeutic potential of Curcumin (CUR) in managing COVID-19 infection in patients with comorbidities, such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), as well as the underlying mechanisms of action responsible for CUR's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Given the natural origin and fewer adverse effects of herbal and medicinal plants, many researchers have turned their attention to exploring their therapeutic properties. Turmeric, the main source of polyphenol CUR, has long been recognized for its beneficial pharmacological effects in traditional Ayurveda medicine in China and has recently gained attention from scientists. The study reviewed various types of studies investigating the antiviral activity of CUR. Among the 16 studies reviewed, 4 were computational studies, 2 were in vitro studies, and the remaining 10 were clinical trials. Among the 10 recent studies, 4 studies focused on patients with COVID-19 who had diabetes as an underlying condition. The findings from these studies suggested that CUR is a safe and pleiotropic molecule with multiple effects on intracellular signaling pathways, including alterations in cell growth, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidation.
{"title":"Curcumin as a Potential Candidate for Patients with COVID-19 Infection\u0000and Diabetes: A Review","authors":"Mana Shojapour, Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah, Mehrnoush Sohrab, Parastoo Karimi Aliabadi, Zahra Kashi, T. Jamialahmadi, Zahra Hosseini-khah, A. Sahebkar","doi":"10.2174/0126667975292793240320052355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975292793240320052355","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000COVID-19 causes a range of illnesses, from mild symptoms resembling the common cold\u0000to severe pulmonary damage leading to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Researchers\u0000worldwide are actively searching for the most effective medications with minimal side effects for\u0000treating COVID-19. This review aimed to discuss the therapeutic potential of Curcumin (CUR) in\u0000managing COVID-19 infection in patients with comorbidities, such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), as\u0000well as the underlying mechanisms of action responsible for CUR's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory\u0000effects. Given the natural origin and fewer adverse effects of herbal and medicinal\u0000plants, many researchers have turned their attention to exploring their therapeutic properties. Turmeric,\u0000the main source of polyphenol CUR, has long been recognized for its beneficial pharmacological\u0000effects in traditional Ayurveda medicine in China and has recently gained attention from scientists.\u0000The study reviewed various types of studies investigating the antiviral activity of CUR. Among the\u000016 studies reviewed, 4 were computational studies, 2 were in vitro studies, and the remaining 10\u0000were clinical trials. Among the 10 recent studies, 4 studies focused on patients with COVID-19 who\u0000had diabetes as an underlying condition. The findings from these studies suggested that CUR is a\u0000safe and pleiotropic molecule with multiple effects on intracellular signaling pathways, including\u0000alterations in cell growth, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.2174/0126667975291928240319083013
Supakarn Pongsatonwiwat, B. Chumworathayi, Chatuporn Duangkum
The Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RTCOG) clinical practice guideline (CPG) does not recommend elective Cesarean Section (CS) in case of prenatal maternal COVID-19 infections without obstetric indication. In Thailand, little is known about the mode of deliveries and perinatal outcomes in the mentioned group of patients. Therefore, this study aims to fill the gap in knowledge. The objective of this study was to compare the mode of deliveries and perinatal outcomes between pregnant women, who were infected with COVID-19 and those who were without COVID- 19 infection. The retrospective cohort study was based on data retrieved between February 1st and March 31st, 2023. The primary data was collected between July 1st, 2021, and October 31st, 2022. Women with COVID-19 infection were matched with the non-COVID-19 group in a 1:1 ratio by date at antenatal care (± 7 days) and their gestational age (± 1 week). Comparison of maternal and perinatal outcomes was made by using chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, relative risk, and t-test as appropriate in STATA software version 10.0. A total of 252 participants were recruited in this study, with 126 patients in each group. Demographic data between the two groups were comparable except for previous CS. The CS rates in the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups were 46.03% and 30.95%, respectively, with p = 0.009. The significantly increased relative risk of CS in COVID-19 was 1.49 (95%CI, 1.07 to 2.05, p = 0.02). Eight women out of 126 had undergone CS with a “COVID-19 infection” indication (p = 0.007). The length of the maternal hospital stay was comparable. No serious maternal complications were observed. Perinatal outcomes were similar among the two groups, except for neonatal jaundice (p = 0.029), with no reports of COVID-19 infections in delivery-related personnel. Prenatal COVID-19 infections lead to an increase in CS rate, while perinatal morbidities were comparable in both groups, with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19. The RTCOG’s CPG should be modified.
{"title":"Mode of Deliveries and Perinatal Outcomes in Prenatal COVID-19\u0000Infections","authors":"Supakarn Pongsatonwiwat, B. Chumworathayi, Chatuporn Duangkum","doi":"10.2174/0126667975291928240319083013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975291928240319083013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RTCOG)\u0000clinical practice guideline (CPG) does not recommend elective Cesarean Section (CS) in case of\u0000prenatal maternal COVID-19 infections without obstetric indication. In Thailand, little is known\u0000about the mode of deliveries and perinatal outcomes in the mentioned group of patients. Therefore,\u0000this study aims to fill the gap in knowledge.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of this study was to compare the mode of deliveries and perinatal outcomes\u0000between pregnant women, who were infected with COVID-19 and those who were without COVID-\u000019 infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The retrospective cohort study was based on data retrieved between February 1st and\u0000March 31st, 2023. The primary data was collected between July 1st, 2021, and October 31st, 2022.\u0000Women with COVID-19 infection were matched with the non-COVID-19 group in a 1:1 ratio by\u0000date at antenatal care (± 7 days) and their gestational age (± 1 week). Comparison of maternal and\u0000perinatal outcomes was made by using chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, relative risk, and t-test as appropriate\u0000in STATA software version 10.0.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 252 participants were recruited in this study, with 126 patients in each group.\u0000Demographic data between the two groups were comparable except for previous CS. The CS rates in\u0000the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups were 46.03% and 30.95%, respectively, with p = 0.009.\u0000The significantly increased relative risk of CS in COVID-19 was 1.49 (95%CI, 1.07 to 2.05, p =\u00000.02). Eight women out of 126 had undergone CS with a “COVID-19 infection” indication (p =\u00000.007). The length of the maternal hospital stay was comparable. No serious maternal complications\u0000were observed. Perinatal outcomes were similar among the two groups, except for neonatal jaundice\u0000(p = 0.029), with no reports of COVID-19 infections in delivery-related personnel.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Prenatal COVID-19 infections lead to an increase in CS rate, while perinatal morbidities\u0000were comparable in both groups, with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19. The RTCOG’s CPG should\u0000be modified.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.2174/0126667975284619240222051806
P. Hitaishi, Akash Anandrao Parab, Rohit Verma, P. Khurana, Sheenam Thatai
When light shines on an object, it sheds focus on the intrinsic characteristics of that material. Transmission of light or an electromagnetic (em) wave through a matter undergoes various physiochemical processes, like emission, absorption, and splitting of light into its constituent wavelengths. This interaction of em radiation with matter is widely used for the investigation of unknown and new target analytes in a sample, and the technique is known as spectroscopy. In the early 2000s, energy excitation of the virus was demonstrated in influenza. The research first demonstrated the use of Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), whose biomedical application became a potential diagnostic tool. The LASERs also attracted attention and were incorporated with the optical and spectroscopy instruments that significantly enhanced the application, reach, and detection limit of air and waterborne elements. Surface plasmon resonance and SERS are the most applied spectroscopic techniques with high accuracy and speed. A combination of these techniques with other advanced microscopy techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tunnelling electron microscopy, may ease and boost biomedical applications. This review is focused on the application of spectroscopy and laser-based techniques in the detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2).
{"title":"Spectroscopic Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome\u0000Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2)","authors":"P. Hitaishi, Akash Anandrao Parab, Rohit Verma, P. Khurana, Sheenam Thatai","doi":"10.2174/0126667975284619240222051806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975284619240222051806","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000When light shines on an object, it sheds focus on the intrinsic characteristics of that material.\u0000Transmission of light or an electromagnetic (em) wave through a matter undergoes various\u0000physiochemical processes, like emission, absorption, and splitting of light into its constituent wavelengths.\u0000This interaction of em radiation with matter is widely used for the investigation of unknown\u0000and new target analytes in a sample, and the technique is known as spectroscopy. In the early 2000s,\u0000energy excitation of the virus was demonstrated in influenza. The research first demonstrated the use\u0000of Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), whose biomedical application became a potential\u0000diagnostic tool. The LASERs also attracted attention and were incorporated with the optical and\u0000spectroscopy instruments that significantly enhanced the application, reach, and detection limit of air\u0000and waterborne elements. Surface plasmon resonance and SERS are the most applied spectroscopic\u0000techniques with high accuracy and speed. A combination of these techniques with other advanced\u0000microscopy techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tunnelling\u0000electron microscopy, may ease and boost biomedical applications. This review is focused on the\u0000application of spectroscopy and laser-based techniques in the detection of Severe Acute Respiratory\u0000Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2).\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.2174/0126667975276135240321054227
Ruifang Nie, Ning Hou, Ke Xu, Shan Shen, Shuangshuang Yang
The ongoing 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic continues to pose a serious threat to public health and safety. In response, numerous specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs have been urgently approved for use. Azvudine has been recommended as a priority treatment for COVID-19 patients, but its efficacy and safety in elderly patients remain unexplored. In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, we assessed the impact of Azvudine treatment on elderly hospitalized patients aged over 70 years. We analyzed parameters such as the time of SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion, clinical outcomes, length of hospital stay, and respiratory support requirements. Additionally, we compared changes in blood routine indicators, liver and kidney function indicators, and the incidence of adverse events before and after Azvudine administration to provide real-world data concerning elderly patients. The study included 36 elderly patients aged 70 to 95 years. Following Azvudine administration, the average time for SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion was 5.15 days. Clinical outcomes revealed improvement and discharge in 74.3% of the patients, exacerbation in 5.7% of the patients, and mortality in 20% of the patients. Analysis of blood routine indicators and liver function indicators before and after medication showed no clinically significant changes. However, serum creatinine levels (Scr) demonstrated a statistically significant increase (71.12 ± 44.22 vs. 87.88 ± 57.39, p < 0.05). Although correlation analysis was not conducted, limited by the small sample size and retrospective nature of the study, these findings underscore the importance of monitoring Azvudine’s impact on renal function.
{"title":"A Retrospective Study on Azvudine in Hospitalized Elderly Patients with\u0000COVID-19","authors":"Ruifang Nie, Ning Hou, Ke Xu, Shan Shen, Shuangshuang Yang","doi":"10.2174/0126667975276135240321054227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975276135240321054227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The ongoing 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic continues to\u0000pose a serious threat to public health and safety. In response, numerous specific anti-SARS-CoV-2\u0000drugs have been urgently approved for use. Azvudine has been recommended as a priority treatment\u0000for COVID-19 patients, but its efficacy and safety in elderly patients remain unexplored.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, we assessed the impact of Azvudine\u0000treatment on elderly hospitalized patients aged over 70 years. We analyzed parameters such as\u0000the time of SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion, clinical outcomes, length of hospital stay, and respiratory\u0000support requirements. Additionally, we compared changes in blood routine indicators, liver and\u0000kidney function indicators, and the incidence of adverse events before and after Azvudine administration\u0000to provide real-world data concerning elderly patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study included 36 elderly patients aged 70 to 95 years. Following Azvudine\u0000administration, the average time for SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion was 5.15 days. Clinical\u0000outcomes revealed improvement and discharge in 74.3% of the patients, exacerbation in 5.7% of the\u0000patients, and mortality in 20% of the patients. Analysis of blood routine indicators and liver function\u0000indicators before and after medication showed no clinically significant changes. However, serum\u0000creatinine levels (Scr) demonstrated a statistically significant increase (71.12 ± 44.22 vs. 87.88 ±\u000057.39, p < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000Although correlation analysis was not conducted, limited by the small sample size and\u0000retrospective nature of the study, these findings underscore the importance of monitoring Azvudine’s\u0000impact on renal function.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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