Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230608120444
S. Chadha, Sayali Mukherjee, Somali Sanyal
SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and its rapid transmission led to the declaration of a pandemic by WHO. Nitric oxide is involved in SARS CoV-2 disease and its antiviral effects have prompted its use in the therapeutic management of SARS CoV-2. The effects of NO are concentration dependent. Local and controlled production of NO by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase appears beneficial, while overproduction due to inducible nitric oxide synthase may lead to cell destruction and tissue damage. The review discusses the role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its use as a probable therapeutic intervention preventing its progress to a more severe form.
{"title":"A Review On The Role Of Nitric Oxide In The Pathophysiology And Management Of Sars- Cov-2 Disease","authors":"S. Chadha, Sayali Mukherjee, Somali Sanyal","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230608120444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230608120444","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and its rapid transmission led to the declaration of a pandemic by WHO. Nitric oxide is involved in SARS CoV-2 disease and its antiviral effects have prompted its use in the therapeutic management of SARS CoV-2. The effects of NO are concentration dependent. Local and controlled production of NO by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase appears beneficial, while overproduction due to inducible nitric oxide synthase may lead to cell destruction and tissue damage. The review discusses the role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its use as a probable therapeutic intervention preventing its progress to a more severe form.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85612084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230508140526
Afzal Hussain, A. Hussain
The fast and widespread spread of a novel human coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlights the urgent need to identify a potential drug to combat COVID-19 infection. In this letter, we investigated drug repurposing as an appealing technique that can help with drug development by repurposing existing drugs to treat illnesses apart from their initial indications. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using GROMACS (200ns) were carried out for Vilanterol Versus Budesonide towards COVID-19 Mpro. The results indicated that the RMSD, RMSF, Radius of gyration, and Hydrogen-bond analysis favored Vilanterol over Budesonide. Animal investigations and reliable clinical trials will eventually be required to establish the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of these drugs.
{"title":"Finding the potential inhibitory activity of Vilanterol Versus Budesonide towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: A molecular dynamics simulation approach","authors":"Afzal Hussain, A. Hussain","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230508140526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230508140526","url":null,"abstract":"The fast and widespread spread of a novel human coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlights the urgent need to identify a potential drug to combat COVID-19 infection. In this letter, we investigated drug repurposing as an appealing technique that can help with drug development by repurposing existing drugs to treat illnesses apart from their initial indications. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using GROMACS (200ns) were carried out for Vilanterol Versus Budesonide towards COVID-19 Mpro. The results indicated that the RMSD, RMSF, Radius of gyration, and Hydrogen-bond analysis favored Vilanterol over Budesonide. Animal investigations and reliable clinical trials will eventually be required to establish the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of these drugs.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88420308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230417104522
Vivek Dave, Naveen Pallerla Reddy, P. Wal
In the modern era, the spread of new diseases makes humans panic in everyday life. Instead of panicking, proper prevention and awareness of the disease are required. Tomato flu is one of the emerging diseases in India, caused by the coxsackie Virus; this disease has led many people to panic. In this article, the Tomato flu is explained in detail, along with its treatment and prevention.
{"title":"Tomato Flu! Is it Really Dangerous?","authors":"Vivek Dave, Naveen Pallerla Reddy, P. Wal","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230417104522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230417104522","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In the modern era, the spread of new diseases makes humans panic in everyday life. Instead of panicking, proper prevention and awareness of the disease are required. Tomato flu is one of the emerging diseases in India, caused by the coxsackie Virus; this disease has led many people to panic. In this article, the Tomato flu is explained in detail, along with its treatment and prevention.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76895131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230410123425
In December 2019, a new virus, COVID-19, initially found in China, started spreading worldwide, resulting in a severe pandemic with 82 million confirmed infections at the end of 2020 and 288 million at the end of 2021. With 5.4 million reported deaths due to COVID-19 at the end of 2021, the apparent mortality rate is 2%, but the general agreement is that the reported numbers are incomplete. An analysis was made on the publicly available COVID-19 data from eleven countries (8 in Europe, 2 in North America and 1 in Africa) to obtain a mortality rate for COVID-19. The data from these countries also contained information about hospital admissions and were partly available in graphics, allowing the data to be downloaded. The size of the population varied from 5 million (Norway) to more than 300 million (USA). Data from an investigation of Sanquin, the Dutch blood bank, and the Belgian Red Cross on the presence of antibodies for the virus in their blood donors were used to estimate the number of infected people at the start of the pandemic. This estimate was combined with the number of hospital admissions to obtain a hospitalization rate. The resulting hospitalization rates for The Netherlands and Belgium were 1.49 % and 2.23 %, respectively. The hospitalization rates were used to calculate the total number of infected people during the pandemic, but analysis showed that the calculation is only valid until June 2021. Using the Dutch and Belgian hospitalization rates, the available data from The Netherlands, Belgium and the United Kingdom showed that COVID-19 mortality rates of 1.2% at the start of the pandemic decreased to 0.4 % in the spring of 2021. The resulting cumulative mortality rate in July 2021 showed agreement, within the uncertainty, for Germany, France, Switzerland, USA, Canada and South Africa, but with dependence on the use of the hospitalization rate. The mortality rate was below the uncertainty band in smaller countries like Denmark and Norway.
{"title":"COVID-19: Mortality rate (in time) \u0000An Analysis of Publicly Available Data from 11 Countries to Calculate the Mortality Rate of COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230410123425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230410123425","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In December 2019, a new virus, COVID-19, initially found in China, started spreading worldwide, resulting in a severe pandemic with 82 million confirmed infections at the end of 2020 and 288 million at the end of 2021. With 5.4 million reported deaths due to COVID-19 at the end of 2021, the apparent mortality rate is 2%, but the general agreement is that the reported numbers are incomplete. \u0000An analysis was made on the publicly available COVID-19 data from eleven countries (8 in Europe, 2 in North America and 1 in Africa) to obtain a mortality rate for COVID-19. The data from these countries also contained information about hospital admissions and were partly available in graphics, allowing the data to be downloaded. The size of the population varied from 5 million (Norway) to more than 300 million (USA).\u0000Data from an investigation of Sanquin, the Dutch blood bank, and the Belgian Red Cross on the presence of antibodies for the virus in their blood donors were used to estimate the number of infected people at the start of the pandemic. This estimate was combined with the number of hospital admissions to obtain a hospitalization rate. The resulting hospitalization rates for The Netherlands and Belgium were 1.49 % and 2.23 %, respectively. The hospitalization rates were used to calculate the total number of infected people during the pandemic, but analysis showed that the calculation is only valid until June 2021.\u0000Using the Dutch and Belgian hospitalization rates, the available data from The Netherlands, Belgium and the United Kingdom showed that COVID-19 mortality rates of 1.2% at the start of the pandemic decreased to 0.4 % in the spring of 2021. \u0000The resulting cumulative mortality rate in July 2021 showed agreement, within the uncertainty, for Germany, France, Switzerland, USA, Canada and South Africa, but with dependence on the use of the hospitalization rate. The mortality rate was below the uncertainty band in smaller countries like Denmark and Norway.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81520559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230403101610
Virender Kumar, Y. Kumar, Rajat Huria, Suryadev Kumar, Tarun Kalson, Deepa Jangra, D. Kumar, Bharti Mangla
A worldwide outbreak of respiratory illnesses has been caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Traditional healers have used herbs and dietary plants for centuries to treat various conditions. This review discusses the prevention of COVID-19, multiple herbs used in the treatment of COVID-19, and their future perspectives. Various databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar, were searched for articles related to herbal products' antiviral effects using different keywords: herbal, SARS-CoV-2, plant-derived drugs, COVID-19, coronavirus, etc. Herbal treatment has been used as a contemporary alternative medicine for COVID-19. By inhibiting the replication and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, herbs can inhibit the pathogenesis of COVID-19. This article discusses COVID-19 infection, its salient features, spread, the life cycle of coronavirus, active response to coronavirus, proposed treatment, and herbal drugs used in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
由冠状病毒病(COVID-19)引起的全球呼吸系统疾病暴发。几个世纪以来，传统治疗师一直使用草药和膳食植物来治疗各种疾病。本文综述了COVID-19的预防、治疗COVID-19的多种草药及其未来前景。在PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Medline和Google Scholar等多个数据库中，使用不同的关键词:herbal、SARS-CoV-2、植物源性药物、COVID-19、冠状病毒等，检索与草药产品抗病毒作用相关的文章。草药治疗已被用作COVID-19的当代替代药物。通过抑制SARS-CoV-2的复制和进入宿主细胞，草药可以抑制COVID-19的发病机制。本文讨论了COVID-19的感染、显著特征、传播、冠状病毒的生命周期、对冠状病毒的积极反应、建议的治疗方法以及预防和治疗COVID-19的草药。
{"title":"Herbal Medicines Used for the Management of COVID-19","authors":"Virender Kumar, Y. Kumar, Rajat Huria, Suryadev Kumar, Tarun Kalson, Deepa Jangra, D. Kumar, Bharti Mangla","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230403101610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230403101610","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A worldwide outbreak of respiratory illnesses has been caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Traditional healers have used herbs and dietary plants for centuries to treat various conditions. This review discusses the prevention of COVID-19, multiple herbs used in the treatment of COVID-19, and their future perspectives.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Various databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar, were searched for articles related to herbal products' antiviral effects using different keywords: herbal, SARS-CoV-2, plant-derived drugs, COVID-19, coronavirus, etc.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Herbal treatment has been used as a contemporary alternative medicine for COVID-19. By inhibiting the replication and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, herbs can inhibit the pathogenesis of COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This article discusses COVID-19 infection, its salient features, spread, the life cycle of coronavirus, active response to coronavirus, proposed treatment, and herbal drugs used in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74567610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230330083413
Srinivasan Tantravahi, Chenna R Galiveti
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is reported to be transmitted predominantly by respiratory droplets and fomites. The regular use of a mask can mitigate the airborne transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), but comprehensive prevention of the virus is possible only when the contact spread of the virus is also addressed. The recommended use of soap and hand sanitizer (alcoholic hand rub) is effective only until subsequent contact with the virus. Furthermore, regular and repeated application of these disinfectants is impractical and harmful to the skin. The damage to the outermost epidermal layers of the skin exposes the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor rich keratinocytes, enhancing the scope for percutaneous transmission of virus. Moisturizers, composed of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, mineral oils, petrolatum, etc., are generally considered cosmetics used to maintain and enhance skin condition. At very low concentrations, several of these components are found to neutralize enveloped viruses, indicating their potential antiviral activity. Soaps also generally contain many of these constituents, making them effective against viruses. Petrolatum, a key component of occlusive moisturizers, is also said to enhance innate immunity. Additionally, moisturizers also alleviate inflammation and prevent skin dryness and damage. The periodic and regular application of an appropriate moisturizer on hand and palm can play a significant role in curtailing the transmission of infectious agents, including (SARS-CoV-2), and could act as an extra line of defense against microbial infections.
{"title":"Moisturizer and COVID-19: Are We Missing a Trick?","authors":"Srinivasan Tantravahi, Chenna R Galiveti","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230330083413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230330083413","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is reported to be transmitted predominantly by respiratory droplets and fomites. The regular use of a mask can mitigate the airborne transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), but comprehensive prevention of the virus is possible only when the contact spread of the virus is also addressed. The recommended use of soap and hand sanitizer (alcoholic hand rub) is effective only until subsequent contact with the virus. Furthermore, regular and repeated application of these disinfectants is impractical and harmful to the skin. The damage to the outermost epidermal layers of the skin exposes the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor rich keratinocytes, enhancing the scope for percutaneous transmission of virus. Moisturizers, composed of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, mineral oils, petrolatum, etc., are generally considered cosmetics used to maintain and enhance skin condition. At very low concentrations, several of these components are found to neutralize enveloped viruses, indicating their potential antiviral activity. Soaps also generally contain many of these constituents, making them effective against viruses. Petrolatum, a key component of occlusive moisturizers, is also said to enhance innate immunity. Additionally, moisturizers also alleviate inflammation and prevent skin dryness and damage. The periodic and regular application of an appropriate moisturizer on hand and palm can play a significant role in curtailing the transmission of infectious agents, including (SARS-CoV-2), and could act as an extra line of defense against microbial infections.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80150872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230329101950
Basavraj Nagoba, Ajay Gavkare, A. Rayate
{"title":"Exploring the Possibility of use of SARS-CoV-2 Antiserum as an Alternative for Plasma Therapy","authors":"Basavraj Nagoba, Ajay Gavkare, A. Rayate","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230329101950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230329101950","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91300099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230328171636
M. F. Khan, Fahmina Rizvi, M. Khan, W. A. Ansari, Kajim Ali, Mohd Aamish Khan
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a single-stranded and positive-sense RNA virus, is exhibiting a great degree of mutation acclimated to variable environments, posing a great threat to human life, with numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants. This review aims to analyze emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2, their mutational pattern, their impact on viral pathogenicity, and the identification of the targets for the development of vaccines and therapeutics against the virus. SARS-CoV-2 consists of four structural protein codes viz, peplomer protein (S), an envelope protein (E), nucleoprotein capsid (N), and matrix protein (M), that are involved in the ingression of the viral genome into the host cell by interacting with the host cell receptor, i.e., human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (only S protein is shown to bind to ACE-2 receptor). The review includes consequences of mutations- D614G (pre-dominant mutation), E484K, N501Y, K417N, L452R, P681H, del69/70, del157/158, Ins214EPE, and so forth, in alpha, beta, gamma, delta, omicron including other strains of SARS-CoV-2. Mutations include substitution, deletion, and insertion of amino acids in the spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2, resulting in antibody neutralization, immune escape, etc. As a consequence of modifications in the nucleotide sequence of the viral genome code pushed on by exposure to various environments, these new strains influence the pathogenicity of the virus.
{"title":"Different Variants of SARS-COV-2: A Comprehensive Review on Mutation Patterns and Pathogenicity","authors":"M. F. Khan, Fahmina Rizvi, M. Khan, W. A. Ansari, Kajim Ali, Mohd Aamish Khan","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230328171636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230328171636","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a single-stranded and positive-sense RNA virus, is exhibiting a great degree of mutation acclimated to variable environments, posing a great threat to human life, with numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants. This review aims to analyze emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2, their mutational pattern, their impact on viral pathogenicity, and the identification of the targets for the development of vaccines and therapeutics against the virus. SARS-CoV-2 consists of four structural protein codes viz, peplomer protein (S), an envelope protein (E), nucleoprotein capsid (N), and matrix protein (M), that are involved in the ingression of the viral genome into the host cell by interacting with the host cell receptor, i.e., human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (only S protein is shown to bind to ACE-2 receptor). The review includes consequences of mutations- D614G (pre-dominant mutation), E484K, N501Y, K417N, L452R, P681H, del69/70, del157/158, Ins214EPE, and so forth, in alpha, beta, gamma, delta, omicron including other strains of SARS-CoV-2. Mutations include substitution, deletion, and insertion of amino acids in the spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2, resulting in antibody neutralization, immune escape, etc. As a consequence of modifications in the nucleotide sequence of the viral genome code pushed on by exposure to various environments, these new strains influence the pathogenicity of the virus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90352187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.2174/2666796703666220607102238
Joseph M. Rosen, Jill R. Sensenig
Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php Bentham Science Disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
{"title":"WITHDRAWN: The COVID-19 Pandemic: To Improve Public Acceptance, Don’t Keep Them in the Dark, Educate Them","authors":"Joseph M. Rosen, Jill R. Sensenig","doi":"10.2174/2666796703666220607102238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796703666220607102238","url":null,"abstract":"Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php Bentham Science Disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136178985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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