The Indian state of Uttarakhand, also known as "Dev Bhoomi" or the Abode of Gods, is snuggled in the lap of the Himalayas. It is endowed with an abundant natural hilly environment and occupies more people in total than Israel, Switzerland, Hong Kong, etc. In this report, we look closely at the impact of COVID-19 on both high land/ hilly and low land/ plain bhabar zones across the state. The data was retrieved from the Uttarakhand Government Covid-19 health bulletin for 12 months using the Python command line. The data analysis covers percentage positivity/COVID-19 positivity rate, recovery, deceased and doubling rate, along with a detailed statistical analysis. In the first wave, low-land- inhabitants residing in 4 districts, Dehradun, Haridwar, U. S. Nagar and Nainital, were found more vulnerable, with a peak positive case during the 21st – 26th week. On the other hand, the districts with exclusive hilly terrains, including Chamoli, Pauri Garhwal, and Rudraprayag, were found to be the least susceptible and reported a high number of positive cases between the 30th and 31st week. The highest recovery rate was found to be in the hilly district of Rudraprayag. The multiple regression with confirmed cases was explained in relation to deceased, recovered, other, and tested variables (R2 adj= 0.99). The analysis also revealed a very high doubling rate from the last week of May to the first week of Jun 2020. The reduced number of COVID-19 cases in high-altitude hilly districts may be associated with factors such as enhanced ventilation, improved arterial oxygen transport, and increased tissue oxygenation. The findings from this study offer insights that can contribute to future pandemic prevention efforts. Summarising the current study, we have suggested 5-point solutions for preventing the next pandemic. It's important to note that while this study suggests a potential link between these factors and lower COVID-19 cases, further research is needed to establish a conclusive connection.
{"title":"Analyzing Uttarakhand's COVID-19 Outbreak: Demographic Insights and Strategies for Future Pandemic Prevention","authors":"Gaurav Joshi, Akshara Pande, Omdeep Gupta, Anoop Nautiyal, Sanjay Jasola, Prashant Gahtori","doi":"10.2174/0126667975257267231213071226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975257267231213071226","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian state of Uttarakhand, also known as \"Dev Bhoomi\" or the Abode of Gods, is snuggled in the lap of the Himalayas. It is endowed with an abundant natural hilly environment and occupies more people in total than Israel, Switzerland, Hong Kong, etc. In this report, we look closely at the impact of COVID-19 on both high land/ hilly and low land/ plain bhabar zones across the state. The data was retrieved from the Uttarakhand Government Covid-19 health bulletin for 12 months using the Python command line. The data analysis covers percentage positivity/COVID-19 positivity rate, recovery, deceased and doubling rate, along with a detailed statistical analysis. In the first wave, low-land- inhabitants residing in 4 districts, Dehradun, Haridwar, U. S. Nagar and Nainital, were found more vulnerable, with a peak positive case during the 21st – 26th week. On the other hand, the districts with exclusive hilly terrains, including Chamoli, Pauri Garhwal, and Rudraprayag, were found to be the least susceptible and reported a high number of positive cases between the 30th and 31st week. The highest recovery rate was found to be in the hilly district of Rudraprayag. The multiple regression with confirmed cases was explained in relation to deceased, recovered, other, and tested variables (R2 adj= 0.99). The analysis also revealed a very high doubling rate from the last week of May to the first week of Jun 2020. The reduced number of COVID-19 cases in high-altitude hilly districts may be associated with factors such as enhanced ventilation, improved arterial oxygen transport, and increased tissue oxygenation. The findings from this study offer insights that can contribute to future pandemic prevention efforts. Summarising the current study, we have suggested 5-point solutions for preventing the next pandemic. It's important to note that while this study suggests a potential link between these factors and lower COVID-19 cases, further research is needed to establish a conclusive connection.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.2174/0126667975272375231201073215
Monika Meghani, Shikha Sharma, Nitin Kumar, B. Sahoo
The severe acute respiratory illness that was brought on because of the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection has been designated as a public health emergency of worldwide concern. There is an immediate and pressing need to establish an effective therapeutic strategy to bring infections under control. COVID-19 viral spike glycoproteins and proteases both play important roles in the process of viral entrance as well as in the process of virus reproduction. Benzimidazole derivatives show antiviral activity against various RNA and DNA viruses and stop the early viral replication cycle. Based on this information, we designed eighteen new benzimidazole derivatives and screened them against the proteins S-glycoprotein 6VSB and papain-like protease 6W9C using molecular docking studies. Compounds that bind strongly to these proteins were evaluated again in an in vitro study. When docked with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, the binding affinity of R1 and R7 was –7.1 kcal/mol and -7.3 kcal/mol, respectively. This showed that they might be able to stop the SARS spike protein from binding to the ACE2 receptor on the human host, making it harder for the virus to get into the cells. The binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease with R4, R14, and R15 was –6.7 kcal/mol, -6.5 kcal/mol, and –6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. COVID-19 could stop the protease from working by binding it. It was suggested, on the basis of the binding energy score, that these pharmacologically potent benzimidazole derivatives may be tested against SARS-CoV-2 and utilized in the production of efficient antiviral medicines
{"title":"In silico Molecular Docking of SARS-CoV-2 Surface Proteins with\u0000Benzimidazole Scaffolds: Strategy to Discover Lead Compounds","authors":"Monika Meghani, Shikha Sharma, Nitin Kumar, B. Sahoo","doi":"10.2174/0126667975272375231201073215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975272375231201073215","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The severe acute respiratory illness that was brought on because of the\u0000outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection has been designated as a public\u0000health emergency of worldwide concern. There is an immediate and pressing need to establish an\u0000effective therapeutic strategy to bring infections under control. COVID-19 viral spike glycoproteins and proteases both play important roles in the process of viral entrance as well as in the process of virus reproduction.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Benzimidazole derivatives show antiviral activity against various RNA and DNA viruses\u0000and stop the early viral replication cycle. Based on this information, we designed eighteen new\u0000benzimidazole derivatives and screened them against the proteins S-glycoprotein 6VSB and papain-like protease 6W9C using molecular docking studies. Compounds that bind strongly to these\u0000proteins were evaluated again in an in vitro study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000When docked with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, the binding affinity of R1 and R7\u0000was –7.1 kcal/mol and -7.3 kcal/mol, respectively. This showed that they might be able to stop the\u0000SARS spike protein from binding to the ACE2 receptor on the human host, making it harder for the\u0000virus to get into the cells. The binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease with R4, R14,\u0000and R15 was –6.7 kcal/mol, -6.5 kcal/mol, and –6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. COVID-19 could stop\u0000the protease from working by binding it.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was suggested, on the basis of the binding energy score, that these pharmacologically potent benzimidazole derivatives may be tested against SARS-CoV-2 and utilized in the production of efficient antiviral medicines\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.2174/0126667975281429231206073959
Architha Vijayalakshmi, Hemalatha S
The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) triggered a pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the twenty-first century. Recent research has revealed several details about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, which has greatly boosted research on COVID-19 vaccines and therapy methods for all the COVID variants. However, significant doubts about its treatment persist due to its fast mutating capability and its resistance to various drugs administered. Thus, there is a need for a cure to treat all the variants and their side effects. The main aim of this study is to check 1) the effectiveness of Kabasura Kudineer against COVID 19 2) the side effects of Kabasura Kudineer with the help of immune proteins in humans The molecular docking was carried out between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and immune proteins in humans against Kabasura Kudineer compounds. The ADMET was also carried out to check the Pharmacokinetics. The results showed that chebulagic acid from Terminalia chebula has good binding capability with all the chosen targets1. The drug likeliness screening also proved it a good drug candidate. Siddha way of treatment has popped out which has been traditionally used for the treatment of viral respiratory infections. The formulation called Kabasura Kudineer has been proven to have antiviral agents and compounds that boost the immune system
{"title":"Screening the Effectiveness of Kabasura Kudineer against COVID 19 and\u0000Immune Proteins in Humans: In silico","authors":"Architha Vijayalakshmi, Hemalatha S","doi":"10.2174/0126667975281429231206073959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975281429231206073959","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) triggered a pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the twenty-first\u0000century. Recent research has revealed several details about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, which has\u0000greatly boosted research on COVID-19 vaccines and therapy methods for all the COVID variants.\u0000However, significant doubts about its treatment persist due to its fast mutating capability and its resistance to various drugs administered. Thus, there is a need for a cure to treat all the variants and\u0000their side effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The main aim of this study is to check 1) the effectiveness of Kabasura Kudineer against\u0000COVID 19 2) the side effects of Kabasura Kudineer with the help of immune proteins in humans\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The molecular docking was carried out between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and immune proteins in humans against Kabasura Kudineer compounds. The ADMET was also carried out to check\u0000the Pharmacokinetics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results showed that chebulagic acid from Terminalia chebula has good binding capability with all the chosen targets1. The drug likeliness screening also proved it a good drug candidate.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Siddha way of treatment has popped out which has been traditionally used for the\u0000treatment of viral respiratory infections. The formulation called Kabasura Kudineer has been proven\u0000to have antiviral agents and compounds that boost the immune system\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has brought fundamental changes to our priorities and problems, especially those related to the healthcare sector. The COVID-19 pandemic put even the world's most advanced healthcare systems to the test and India's healthcare system has been rattled as well. In this accordance, the Indian government has introduced many new policies and schemes like free vaccination drive, Atmanirbhar Bharat, and free COVID care under Ayushman Bharat. With the continuation of COVID-19, problems like Self-medication and hoarding of medicines among the common population keep on rising and this was due to flu-like symptoms of COVID-19, miss information on social media, or due to less or no interaction between patients and doctors as the population is now shifting to telemedicine which offers the benefit of consultation at their own home. These situations served as a boon to the Pharma sector as stocks of many pharma companies and industries have been reported to have increased in the past 2 years of the pandemic due to an increase in demand and manufacturing and consumption of pharmaceutical goods and also reportedly being increased by alot in coming years. However, this rapid growth of the pharmaceutical sector is beneficial for pharmacists, businessmen, and others who are directly or indirectly associated with the healthcare fraternity but in our opinion, it will negatively impact the Indian economy or can be viewed as a problem which can lead to the downfall of the qualitative aspect of the pharma sector in the long term.
{"title":"Recent Scenario of the Indian Healthcare System Post COVID-19 Emergence and in Severely Ill Patients","authors":"Sushant Mishra, Shushank Mahajan, Able Mogha, Abhinav Yadav, Wandeep Dagar, Isha Chawla, Meenakshi Dhanawat","doi":"10.2174/0126667975270646231127091030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975270646231127091030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has brought fundamental changes to our priorities\u0000and problems, especially those related to the healthcare sector. The COVID-19 pandemic put\u0000even the world's most advanced healthcare systems to the test and India's healthcare system has been\u0000rattled as well. In this accordance, the Indian government has introduced many new policies and\u0000schemes like free vaccination drive, Atmanirbhar Bharat, and free COVID care under Ayushman\u0000Bharat. With the continuation of COVID-19, problems like Self-medication and hoarding of medicines\u0000among the common population keep on rising and this was due to flu-like symptoms of\u0000COVID-19, miss information on social media, or due to less or no interaction between patients and\u0000doctors as the population is now shifting to telemedicine which offers the benefit of consultation at\u0000their own home. These situations served as a boon to the Pharma sector as stocks of many pharma\u0000companies and industries have been reported to have increased in the past 2 years of the pandemic\u0000due to an increase in demand and manufacturing and consumption of pharmaceutical goods and also\u0000reportedly being increased by alot in coming years. However, this rapid growth of the pharmaceutical\u0000sector is beneficial for pharmacists, businessmen, and others who are directly or indirectly associated\u0000with the healthcare fraternity but in our opinion, it will negatively impact the Indian economy\u0000or can be viewed as a problem which can lead to the downfall of the qualitative aspect of the\u0000pharma sector in the long term.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.2174/0126667975269133231117062158
Anand Vijayakumar Palur Ramakrishnan, R. Basutkar, Sugash Murugan, Shonitha Sagadevan, Oorvashree Sri Hari, Shanmuga Priyan
SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women causes maternal and neonatal complications. Professional societies endorse the vaccination among pregnant women. This review of the cohort studies aims to assess the short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes among vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We searched Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. The observational cohort studies published from July 2021 to December 2022 were included. The eligibility criteria were assessed. The studies documenting maternal and neonatal outcomes and the relative risk, and 95% confidence interval were considered. Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form was used, and the quality assessment of the included study was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The quality of the grading was summarised with GradePro software. Data from the five cohort studies are considered. 56% of the un-vaccinated pregnant women experience composite adverse maternal outcomes (RR: 3.97; 95% CI:0.73,21.49; p-value: ˂0.11). There was a reduced risk of occurrence of the meconium-stained amniotic fluid who are vaccinated (RR: 0.89; 95% CI:0.71, 1.12; p value=0.33). The unvaccinated group is 3.16 times more likely to take infertility treatment (RR: 3.54; 95% CI:2.04, 6.12; p-value: ˂0.00001). There was no significant difference concerning neonatal outcomes between both groups. The pregnant women who were not vaccinated against SARS-CoV had an increased risk for a composite adverse maternal outcome and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The vaccine has effectively prevented the disease in the first six months. Additional studies are needed to understand the safety of the SARS-CoV vaccine.
{"title":"Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes after Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2: A\u0000Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies","authors":"Anand Vijayakumar Palur Ramakrishnan, R. Basutkar, Sugash Murugan, Shonitha Sagadevan, Oorvashree Sri Hari, Shanmuga Priyan","doi":"10.2174/0126667975269133231117062158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975269133231117062158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women causes maternal and neonatal complications. Professional societies endorse the vaccination among pregnant women. This review of the\u0000cohort studies aims to assess the short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes among vaccinated vs.\u0000non-vaccinated pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We searched Cochrane Central\u0000Registry of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. The observational\u0000cohort studies published from July 2021 to December 2022 were included. The eligibility criteria\u0000were assessed. The studies documenting maternal and neonatal outcomes and the relative risk, and\u000095% confidence interval were considered. Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form was used,\u0000and the quality assessment of the included study was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The quality of the grading was summarised with GradePro software. Data\u0000from the five cohort studies are considered. 56% of the un-vaccinated pregnant women experience\u0000composite adverse maternal outcomes (RR: 3.97; 95% CI:0.73,21.49; p-value: ˂0.11). There was a\u0000reduced risk of occurrence of the meconium-stained amniotic fluid who are vaccinated (RR: 0.89;\u000095% CI:0.71, 1.12; p value=0.33). The unvaccinated group is 3.16 times more likely to take infertility treatment (RR: 3.54; 95% CI:2.04, 6.12; p-value: ˂0.00001). There was no significant difference concerning neonatal outcomes between both groups. The pregnant women who were not vaccinated against SARS-CoV had an increased risk for a composite adverse maternal outcome and\u0000meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The vaccine has effectively prevented the disease in the first six\u0000months. Additional studies are needed to understand the safety of the SARS-CoV vaccine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.2174/0126667975267776231117052825
Oritoke M. Okeowo, Nzube F. Olung, O. Ijomone, Ayotunde S. Adeagbo
Global health and economy have been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that was brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This makes the creation of potent medications for the treatment of COVID-19 disease a top goal. In clinical trials, several medications that have been repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 have shown promise. Nevertheless, there are a lot of obstacles to overcome in the creation of COVID-19 pharmacological therapy. The inability to pinpoint prospective treatment targets is one difficulty caused by the unclear etiology of COVID-19. Another difficulty is the virus' quick evolution, which can result in the creation of drug-resistant variants. Furthermore, the quick start of clinical trials has been prompted by the strong demand for effective therapies. A lack of reliable data on the safety and efficacy of medications can result from the early start of clinical trials that have been prompted by the strong demand for effective medicines. Despite these obstacles, the development of various promising pharmacological treatments for COVID-19 has advanced. These include immune-modulating medications, like dexamethasone and tocilizumab, as well as antiviral medicines, like remdesivir and favipiravir. Combination therapies using several medications may also be useful in enhancing outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Despite some encouraging advancements, there are still a lot of obstacles to be addressed in the development of pharmacological therapy for COVID-19. Further research is needed to identify the most effective treatment approaches for this disease.
{"title":"Exploring Effective Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19: A Review on\u0000Progress and Prospects","authors":"Oritoke M. Okeowo, Nzube F. Olung, O. Ijomone, Ayotunde S. Adeagbo","doi":"10.2174/0126667975267776231117052825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975267776231117052825","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Global health and economy have been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that\u0000was brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This makes the creation of potent medications for\u0000the treatment of COVID-19 disease a top goal. In clinical trials, several medications that have been\u0000repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 have shown promise. Nevertheless, there are a lot of obstacles to overcome in the creation of COVID-19 pharmacological therapy. The inability to pinpoint\u0000prospective treatment targets is one difficulty caused by the unclear etiology of COVID-19. Another\u0000difficulty is the virus' quick evolution, which can result in the creation of drug-resistant variants.\u0000Furthermore, the quick start of clinical trials has been prompted by the strong demand for effective\u0000therapies. A lack of reliable data on the safety and efficacy of medications can result from the early\u0000start of clinical trials that have been prompted by the strong demand for effective medicines. Despite\u0000these obstacles, the development of various promising pharmacological treatments for COVID-19\u0000has advanced. These include immune-modulating medications, like dexamethasone and tocilizumab,\u0000as well as antiviral medicines, like remdesivir and favipiravir. Combination therapies using several\u0000medications may also be useful in enhancing outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Despite some encouraging advancements, there are still a lot of obstacles to be addressed in the development of\u0000pharmacological therapy for COVID-19. Further research is needed to identify the most effective\u0000treatment approaches for this disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a socially isolating way of life, and dementia patients are among those who are most affected. Lockdown procedures and the inability to monitor illnesses have led to a rapid decline in cognitive function in these individuals, with neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as agitation, delirium, and impaired motor performance being prevalent. However, the use of antipsychotics in treating these symptoms can increase the risk of death during COVID-19. Effective pain therapy can be used as an alternative to reduce or avoid the use of antipsychotics, given the consistent relationship between agitation and pain in dementia patients. The importance of properly assessing and managing pain in dementia patients is highlighted. Additionally, the article discusses how COVID-19 can affect brain health through inflammation, blood clotting, and blood vessel damage, leading to potential long-term effects on cognitive function. Healthcare professionals must be aware of the increased risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients during the pandemic and prioritize pain management as a viable alternative to antipsychotics. Proper care and attention are necessary to prevent cognitive decline and potential long-term effects on brain health in these vulnerable individuals.
{"title":"Relationship between COVID-19 and Neurological Disorder","authors":"Shivendra Mani Tripathi, Pratik Kumar Vishwakarma, Smriti Ojha, Sudhanshu Mishra","doi":"10.2174/0126667975253863230920070917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975253863230920070917","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a socially isolating way of life, and dementia\u0000patients are among those who are most affected. Lockdown procedures and the inability to monitor\u0000illnesses have led to a rapid decline in cognitive function in these individuals, with neuropsychiatric\u0000symptoms, such as agitation, delirium, and impaired motor performance being prevalent. However, the\u0000use of antipsychotics in treating these symptoms can increase the risk of death during COVID-19. Effective\u0000pain therapy can be used as an alternative to reduce or avoid the use of antipsychotics, given the\u0000consistent relationship between agitation and pain in dementia patients. The importance of properly\u0000assessing and managing pain in dementia patients is highlighted. Additionally, the article discusses\u0000how COVID-19 can affect brain health through inflammation, blood clotting, and blood vessel damage,\u0000leading to potential long-term effects on cognitive function. Healthcare professionals must be\u0000aware of the increased risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients during the pandemic\u0000and prioritize pain management as a viable alternative to antipsychotics. Proper care and attention are\u0000necessary to prevent cognitive decline and potential long-term effects on brain health in these vulnerable\u0000individuals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The commonest medication to treat moderate to severe pain and fever in adults and children is paracetamol and it has been observed that there has been a rapid increase in the intake of paracetamol-650 since the COVID-19 pandemic and it has continued to date. This analgesic and antipyretic medication showed an increase of 150% in its consumption during the pandemic, simultaneously escalating its self-medication. Concerns have been expressed about the indirect advertising of prescription medications, their illogical use, and improper self-medication, which has resulted in overdose and certain serious side effects. Chronic pain and pyrexia are the most common symptoms witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intake of paracetamol-650 has also been increased as a prophylactic measure due to the widespread fear generated during COVID-19. The usage of paracetamol has been shifted from 500 mg to 650 mg for mild and moderate pain and fever during and after the end of the pandemic. This raises concerns about the misuse of paracetamol-650mg which may cause damage to the liver, stomach, and kidney chronically. So, this review article aims to generate awareness among the public and physicians about the rationale of paracetamol as an analgesic and antipyretic.
{"title":"Is It Safe to Take 650 mg of Paracetamol on a Regular Basis?","authors":"Sunil Kumar Kadiri, Deepika Uchil, Dhani M G, Dhritija Sathavalli, Durgesh Singh","doi":"10.2174/0126667975267870231115052446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975267870231115052446","url":null,"abstract":"The commonest medication to treat moderate to severe pain and fever in adults and children is paracetamol and it has been observed that there has been a rapid increase in the intake of paracetamol-650 since the COVID-19 pandemic and it has continued to date. This analgesic and antipyretic medication showed an increase of 150% in its consumption during the pandemic, simultaneously escalating its self-medication. Concerns have been expressed about the indirect advertising of prescription medications, their illogical use, and improper self-medication, which has resulted in overdose and certain serious side effects. Chronic pain and pyrexia are the most common symptoms witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intake of paracetamol-650 has also been increased as a prophylactic measure due to the widespread fear generated during COVID-19. The usage of paracetamol has been shifted from 500 mg to 650 mg for mild and moderate pain and fever during and after the end of the pandemic. This raises concerns about the misuse of paracetamol-650mg which may cause damage to the liver, stomach, and kidney chronically. So, this review article aims to generate awareness among the public and physicians about the rationale of paracetamol as an analgesic and antipyretic.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139224478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.2174/0126667975270644231107110626
Ravi Kumar, Garima Gupta, Aditi Mohan, Madhu Gupta
Recently, the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) pandemic caused by SARSCoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) gave rise to a public health emergency worldwide. Similarly, other viruses like HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), Zika, Ebola, and Influenza and their mutants have called for an urgent need for a Broad-spectrum antiviral drug, inhibiting the infection by targeting the common essential components of different viruses. Based on ancient medicinal knowledge, we made an attempt through molecular docking analysis to explore different phytochemical compounds against well-recognized viral receptors. A total of 29 phytochemicals were virtually examined against 4 targets essential in the life cycle of viral infection: CD147 (Cluster of Differentiation 147), CD209L (Cluster of Differentiation 209 Lectin), eIF4A (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4A), and RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). Providentially, Berbamine was identified as the best-hit lead molecule based on binding energies, conventional hydrogen bonding numbers, and non-covalent interactions. It exhibited binding energies as -8.3 kcal/mol with CD147, -8.2 kcal/mol with CD209L, -9.5 kcal/mol with eIF4A, and - 10.5 kcal/mol with RdRp. Additionally, in-silico drug likeliness (Lipinski’s rule) and ADME studies depict high bioavailability and gastrointestinal absorption and follow Lipinski’s rule. The data presented by our study exemplify phytochemicals from the selected plants that could target conserved viral components shared across multiple viruses. Berbamine can be designed as a possible drug to target Broad-Spectrum viruses, limiting the effectiveness of different viruses.
{"title":"Cheminformatics Screening of Phytochemicals Targeting Diverse Potential Receptors to Elicit Antiviral Properties","authors":"Ravi Kumar, Garima Gupta, Aditi Mohan, Madhu Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0126667975270644231107110626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975270644231107110626","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) pandemic caused by SARSCoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) gave rise to a public health emergency worldwide. Similarly, other viruses like HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), Zika, Ebola, and Influenza and their mutants have called for an urgent need for a Broad-spectrum antiviral drug, inhibiting the infection by targeting the common essential components of different viruses. Based on ancient medicinal knowledge, we made an attempt through molecular docking analysis to explore different phytochemical compounds against well-recognized viral receptors. A total of 29 phytochemicals were virtually examined against 4 targets essential in the life cycle of viral infection: CD147 (Cluster of Differentiation 147), CD209L (Cluster of Differentiation 209 Lectin), eIF4A (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4A), and RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). Providentially, Berbamine was identified as the best-hit lead molecule based on binding energies, conventional hydrogen bonding numbers, and non-covalent interactions. It exhibited binding energies as -8.3 kcal/mol with CD147, -8.2 kcal/mol with CD209L, -9.5 kcal/mol with eIF4A, and - 10.5 kcal/mol with RdRp. Additionally, in-silico drug likeliness (Lipinski’s rule) and ADME studies depict high bioavailability and gastrointestinal absorption and follow Lipinski’s rule. The data presented by our study exemplify phytochemicals from the selected plants that could target conserved viral components shared across multiple viruses. Berbamine can be designed as a possible drug to target Broad-Spectrum viruses, limiting the effectiveness of different viruses.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.2174/0126667975269693231107072320
Esambe Sone, Jong-Hwan Ko
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV- 2, has been a global health crisis since its emergence in late 2019, impacting all aspects of life worldwide. It has revealed vulnerabilities in healthcare systems while also inspiring scientific advancements and cooperation in developing vaccines, highlighting the importance of preparedness and equitable healthcare for future challenges. This paper evaluates the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy. The study employed the Global Trade Analysis Project model using GTAP database version 10A with 2014 as the base year. The database's 141 regions and 65 sectors are aggregated into 20 regions and 29 sectors. The model used involves a baseline and two policy scenarios. The baseline scenario projected the global economy to 2020 from 2014 using macroeconomic variables, such as real GDP, population, capital stock, and labor supply. Policy scenarios 1 and 2 accounted for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and fiscal stimulus package, respectively. The impacts of the pandemic are measured in real GDP, welfare, export and import volumes, trade balance, and output by sector. Simulation results indicate that the real GDP for all regions declined. The impact of COVID-19 on the welfare of countries, including Korea, Japan, the US, Mexico, China, Italy, and Great Britain, varied. In all these countries, the pandemic highlighted existing inequalities and vulnerabilities, affecting countries disproportionately. Government interventions, such as stimulus packages, income support programs, and vaccination campaigns, have aimed to mitigate the impact and support the welfare of the population. The pandemic disrupted global supply chains and increased trade costs, thereby negatively impacting both import and export volumes. The output of some sectors, such as tourism-related sectors, was heavily affected. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted real GDP, welfare, export and import volumes, trade balance, and output by sector. By examining the specific implications of the pandemic on each of these economic factors, policymakers and researchers can gain valuable insights into the challenges faced and potential avenues for recovery.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and its Economic Impact on the Global Economy: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach","authors":"Esambe Sone, Jong-Hwan Ko","doi":"10.2174/0126667975269693231107072320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975269693231107072320","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV- 2, has been a global health crisis since its emergence in late 2019, impacting all aspects of life worldwide. It has revealed vulnerabilities in healthcare systems while also inspiring scientific advancements and cooperation in developing vaccines, highlighting the importance of preparedness and equitable healthcare for future challenges. This paper evaluates the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy. The study employed the Global Trade Analysis Project model using GTAP database version 10A with 2014 as the base year. The database's 141 regions and 65 sectors are aggregated into 20 regions and 29 sectors. The model used involves a baseline and two policy scenarios. The baseline scenario projected the global economy to 2020 from 2014 using macroeconomic variables, such as real GDP, population, capital stock, and labor supply. Policy scenarios 1 and 2 accounted for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and fiscal stimulus package, respectively. The impacts of the pandemic are measured in real GDP, welfare, export and import volumes, trade balance, and output by sector. Simulation results indicate that the real GDP for all regions declined. The impact of COVID-19 on the welfare of countries, including Korea, Japan, the US, Mexico, China, Italy, and Great Britain, varied. In all these countries, the pandemic highlighted existing inequalities and vulnerabilities, affecting countries disproportionately. Government interventions, such as stimulus packages, income support programs, and vaccination campaigns, have aimed to mitigate the impact and support the welfare of the population. The pandemic disrupted global supply chains and increased trade costs, thereby negatively impacting both import and export volumes. The output of some sectors, such as tourism-related sectors, was heavily affected. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted real GDP, welfare, export and import volumes, trade balance, and output by sector. By examining the specific implications of the pandemic on each of these economic factors, policymakers and researchers can gain valuable insights into the challenges faced and potential avenues for recovery.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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