Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.2174/0126667975296097240321060634
K.D.S. Balasooriya, R. Rupasingha, B. Kumara
The COVID-19 virus started in 2019 and badly affected the different sectors of many countries around the world. Based on this, financial difficulties, loss of loved ones, sudden anger, relationships, family disputes, and psychological distress increased, and individuals were stalled from carrying out their lifestyle in a normal way, and some individuals were even motivated to commit suicide. It is important to reduce the number of suicides and identify the reasons for this situation. Through this research, the focus is on identifying the main topics discussed relevant to suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals use Twitter, a social media platform, to share their ideas freely and publically. We collected 9750 primary data through Twitter API (Application Programming Interface). After preprocessing and feature extraction by TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency), we applied the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) topic modeling algorithms to identify topics. Based on the LDA results, we extracted ten different topics under the three themes, such as the impact of COVID-19, human feelings, getting support, and having awareness. Intertopic Distance Map, Most Salient Terms, and Word Clouds Visualization are used to check the results. The coherence score and perplexing value are used to measure how interpretable the extracted topics are to humans. PLSA also extracted 25 topics with their probabilities, and Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence was used to check the results. We were able to gain insight into human emotions and the main motivations behind suicide attempts using the topics we extracted. Expert feedback proved that LDA results were better than PLSA. Based on that, we found the main impact of COVID-19 on human lives, how human feelings were changed positively and negatively during that period, what supporting and awareness methods people used, and what they preferred. The required measures can then be taken by those responsible authorities and individuals to prevent, reduce, and get ready for this kind of suicidal incident in the future.
{"title":"Analysis of Suicide-related Tweets During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"K.D.S. Balasooriya, R. Rupasingha, B. Kumara","doi":"10.2174/0126667975296097240321060634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975296097240321060634","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The COVID-19 virus started in 2019 and badly affected the different sectors\u0000of many countries around the world. Based on this, financial difficulties, loss of loved ones, sudden\u0000anger, relationships, family disputes, and psychological distress increased, and individuals were\u0000stalled from carrying out their lifestyle in a normal way, and some individuals were even motivated\u0000to commit suicide.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It is important to reduce the number of suicides and identify the reasons for this situation.\u0000Through this research, the focus is on identifying the main topics discussed relevant to suicides during\u0000the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Individuals use Twitter, a social media platform, to share their ideas freely and publically.\u0000We collected 9750 primary data through Twitter API (Application Programming Interface). After\u0000preprocessing and feature extraction by TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency), we\u0000applied the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA)\u0000topic modeling algorithms to identify topics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on the LDA results, we extracted ten different topics under the three themes, such as\u0000the impact of COVID-19, human feelings, getting support, and having awareness. Intertopic Distance\u0000Map, Most Salient Terms, and Word Clouds Visualization are used to check the results. The coherence\u0000score and perplexing value are used to measure how interpretable the extracted topics are to\u0000humans. PLSA also extracted 25 topics with their probabilities, and Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence\u0000was used to check the results.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We were able to gain insight into human emotions and the main motivations behind\u0000suicide attempts using the topics we extracted. Expert feedback proved that LDA results were better\u0000than PLSA. Based on that, we found the main impact of COVID-19 on human lives, how human\u0000feelings were changed positively and negatively during that period, what supporting and awareness\u0000methods people used, and what they preferred. The required measures can then be taken by those\u0000responsible authorities and individuals to prevent, reduce, and get ready for this kind of suicidal incident\u0000in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection has been shown to trigger autoimmunity, and the phenomenon leads to several chronic human diseases such as Type-1 diabetes, Crohn’s disease, vasculitis, Guillian-Barrė syndrome, etc. The mechanism underlying SARS CoV-2-induced autoimmune response is unknown and is an active area of interest for the researchers. The primary objective of this study is to identify the autoantigen markers for the classification of SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19 positive and negative samples) that trigger an immune response leading to autoimmunity using a machine learning approach that provides information to obtain a more accurate diagnosis for COVID-induced diseases. Our study reports the transcriptomic profile of the COVID patient's whole blood samples collected from 0 to 35th day of acute infection as described in the GSE215865 dataset. The binary classification algorithm from the sci-kit learn python library, namely logistic regression and random forest with 10-fold cross-validation, was applied to the processed data, followed by a selection of the 20 best gene features with recursive feature elimination from a set of 10,719 gene features to obtain the classification accuracy of 87%. The fidgetin, microtubule severing factor (FIGN), SH3 and cysteine-rich domain (STAC), Cadherin-6 (CDH6), docking protein 6 (DOK6), nuclear RNA export factor 3 (NXF3) and maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) are the autoantigens markers identified for classification of COVID-positive and negative samples. The identified autoantigen markers from transcriptomic datasets using machine learning techniques provide a deeper understanding of COVID-induced diseases and may play an important role as potential diagnostic and drug targets for COVID-19.
{"title":"Identification of Autoantigen Markers for SARS CoV-2 Infection with\u0000Machine Learning-based Feature Selection: An Insight into COVID\u0000Symptoms","authors":"Aruna Rajalingam, Chaitra Mallasandra Krishnappa, Shanker G, Anjali Ganjiwale","doi":"10.2174/0126667975296293240320041641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975296293240320041641","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u0000CoV-2) infection has been shown to trigger autoimmunity, and the phenomenon leads to several\u0000chronic human diseases such as Type-1 diabetes, Crohn’s disease, vasculitis, Guillian-Barrė syndrome,\u0000etc. The mechanism underlying SARS CoV-2-induced autoimmune response is unknown and\u0000is an active area of interest for the researchers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The primary objective of this study is to identify the autoantigen markers for the classification\u0000of SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19 positive and negative samples) that trigger an immune response\u0000leading to autoimmunity using a machine learning approach that provides information to obtain a\u0000more accurate diagnosis for COVID-induced diseases.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our study reports the transcriptomic profile of the COVID patient's whole\u0000blood samples collected from 0 to 35th day of acute infection as described in the GSE215865 dataset.\u0000The binary classification algorithm from the sci-kit learn python library, namely logistic regression\u0000and random forest with 10-fold cross-validation, was applied to the processed data, followed by a\u0000selection of the 20 best gene features with recursive feature elimination from a set of 10,719 gene\u0000features to obtain the classification accuracy of 87%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The fidgetin, microtubule severing factor (FIGN), SH3 and cysteine-rich domain (STAC),\u0000Cadherin-6 (CDH6), docking protein 6 (DOK6), nuclear RNA export factor 3 (NXF3) and maternally\u0000expressed 3 (MEG3) are the autoantigens markers identified for classification of COVID-positive\u0000and negative samples.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The identified autoantigen markers from transcriptomic datasets using machine learning\u0000techniques provide a deeper understanding of COVID-induced diseases and may play an important\u0000role as potential diagnostic and drug targets for COVID-19.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.2174/0126667975298504240311064331
Claudia Benavides-Luyo, Annie Velasquez-Manrique, D. M. Quiñones-Laveriano, Susan Chaupi-Rojas, Johan Azañero-Haro, A. Soto
To determine the association between changes in haematological parameters and mortality in patients hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 at a Peruvian reference hospital from April to December 2020. Observational, analytical, historical cohort study based on the review of clinical records of patients hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 from April to December 2020. We evaluated changes in common haematological parameters, including white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelet counts, as well as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the third and seventh days of hospitalization compared with admission values in the deceased and nondeceased groups. Changes in haematological parameters were expressed as median and interquartile ranges (IQR). Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was further done to evaluate the effect of haematological changes in mortality, adjusting for gender, age, and comorbidities. We included 1033 cases, of which 68.05% were male. Deceased patients had a significant increase in total WBC on the third day (1.0 *103/μL; IQR -1.7 to 5.4) and the seventh day (1.6*103/μL; IQR -1.9 to 4.9) compared to their admission values. The neutrophil count in the deceased patients also increased on the third day (1.2; IQR -1.7 to 4.9) and seventh day (1.9; IQR-1.5 to 5.8), as did the NLR ratio on the third day (0.2; IQR -0.4 to 1.6) and seventh day (0.7; IQR -0.2 to 2.2). Surviving patients showed an opposite trend in these parameters. In contrast, platelet counts increased on the third day (49*105/μL; IQR -0.3 to 1.3) and the seventh day (90*105; IQR 0.0 to 2.0) in surviving patients, whereas deceased patients did not show significant changes. All these differences remained statistically significant in the adjusted analysis. An increase in total WBC, neutrophils, and NLR at the third and seventh days compared to admission values was associated with higher mortality in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, while an increase in platelet count was associated with decreased mortality. Monitoring these changes can help in identifying those patients with higher mortality risk.
{"title":"Association Between Changes in Haematological Parameters and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized Due to Severe COVID-19 in a Peruvian Reference Hospital","authors":"Claudia Benavides-Luyo, Annie Velasquez-Manrique, D. M. Quiñones-Laveriano, Susan Chaupi-Rojas, Johan Azañero-Haro, A. Soto","doi":"10.2174/0126667975298504240311064331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975298504240311064331","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To determine the association between changes in haematological parameters\u0000and mortality in patients hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 at a Peruvian reference hospital from\u0000April to December 2020.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Observational, analytical, historical cohort study based on the review of\u0000clinical records of patients hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 from April to December 2020. We\u0000evaluated changes in common haematological parameters, including white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes,\u0000neutrophils, and platelet counts, as well as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the\u0000third and seventh days of hospitalization compared with admission values in the deceased and nondeceased\u0000groups. Changes in haematological parameters were expressed as median and interquartile\u0000ranges (IQR). Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was further done to evaluate the effect of\u0000haematological changes in mortality, adjusting for gender, age, and comorbidities.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We included 1033 cases, of which 68.05% were male. Deceased patients had a significant\u0000increase in total WBC on the third day (1.0 *103/μL; IQR -1.7 to 5.4) and the seventh day\u0000(1.6*103/μL; IQR -1.9 to 4.9) compared to their admission values. The neutrophil count in the deceased\u0000patients also increased on the third day (1.2; IQR -1.7 to 4.9) and seventh day (1.9; IQR-1.5 to\u00005.8), as did the NLR ratio on the third day (0.2; IQR -0.4 to 1.6) and seventh day (0.7; IQR -0.2 to\u00002.2). Surviving patients showed an opposite trend in these parameters. In contrast, platelet counts\u0000increased on the third day (49*105/μL; IQR -0.3 to 1.3) and the seventh day (90*105; IQR 0.0 to 2.0)\u0000in surviving patients, whereas deceased patients did not show significant changes. All these differences\u0000remained statistically significant in the adjusted analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An increase in total WBC, neutrophils, and NLR at the third and seventh days compared\u0000to admission values was associated with higher mortality in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19,\u0000while an increase in platelet count was associated with decreased mortality. Monitoring these changes\u0000can help in identifying those patients with higher mortality risk.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.2174/0126667975284200240307062509
E. Talebi-Ghane, N. Radnia, Fariba Daneshvar, Maryam Garousian, Saeed Bashirian, Salman Khazaei, Neda Alimohammadi
This study aimed to determine the differences in laboratory and clinical characteristics of pregnant and non-pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hamadan, the west of Iran. This cross-sectional study compared 135 pregnant with 135 non-pregnant women without underlying diseases and matched by age with COVID-19 from March 2020 to June 2021 in Hamadan, a western city in Iran. Their demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, vital signs, and laboratory findings were evaluated using a preset checklist and contrasted between the two groups. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the outcomes of illness were presented. A considerable amount of analysis was performed on all data using the SPSS version 26 software. In general, there was a significant association between most clinical symptoms and status of pregnancy. Although the Peripheral oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter (SPO2) mean was significantly lower among non-pregnant compared to the pregnant women (89.19±4.52 versus 94.91±3.12; p < 0.001), the mean of heart rate was significantly lower among pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (90.59±11.80 versus 96.50±15.02; p = 0.001). The percentage of low hemoglobin (Hb), abnormal Blood Urea Nitrogen, high Creatinine (CR), high Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and high Lactate Dehydrogenase was significantly higher in non-pregnant women compared to the pregnant women. Women with pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women and women with low Hb compared to normal Hb had a considerably increased chance of intensive care unit /death. Each unit increase in SPO2 and pulse rate resulted in a considerable reduction in this risk. In addition, women with high CR, shortness of breath and per unit rise in temperature had a considerably higher chance of staying in the hospital for a longer period of time. The clinical and para-clinical manifestations of pregnant women with COVID-19 are different from non-pregnant women. Although there was a significant difference between the two groups due to mortality, the percentage of admission to the intensive care unit in pregnant women with COVID-19 is higher than in non-pregnant women. To avoid these adverse outcomes, pregnant women should take precautions to avoid COVID-19 infection.
{"title":"Which Laboratory and Clinical Feature are different in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women with COVID-19? A Cross-sectional Study in the West of Iran","authors":"E. Talebi-Ghane, N. Radnia, Fariba Daneshvar, Maryam Garousian, Saeed Bashirian, Salman Khazaei, Neda Alimohammadi","doi":"10.2174/0126667975284200240307062509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975284200240307062509","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study aimed to determine the differences in laboratory and clinical\u0000characteristics of pregnant and non-pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hamadan, the west of Iran.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This cross-sectional study compared 135 pregnant with 135 non-pregnant\u0000women without underlying diseases and matched by age with COVID-19 from March 2020 to June\u00002021 in Hamadan, a western city in Iran. Their demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, vital\u0000signs, and laboratory findings were evaluated using a preset checklist and contrasted between the two\u0000groups. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the outcomes of illness were presented. A considerable\u0000amount of analysis was performed on all data using the SPSS version 26 software.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In general, there was a significant association between most clinical symptoms and status of\u0000pregnancy. Although the Peripheral oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter (SPO2) mean was significantly\u0000lower among non-pregnant compared to the pregnant women (89.19±4.52 versus\u000094.91±3.12; p < 0.001), the mean of heart rate was significantly lower among pregnant women compared\u0000to non-pregnant women (90.59±11.80 versus 96.50±15.02; p = 0.001). The percentage of low\u0000hemoglobin (Hb), abnormal Blood Urea Nitrogen, high Creatinine (CR), high Erythrocyte Sedimentation\u0000Rate and high Lactate Dehydrogenase was significantly higher in non-pregnant women compared\u0000to the pregnant women. Women with pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women and women\u0000with low Hb compared to normal Hb had a considerably increased chance of intensive care unit\u0000/death. Each unit increase in SPO2 and pulse rate resulted in a considerable reduction in this risk. In\u0000addition, women with high CR, shortness of breath and per unit rise in temperature had a considerably\u0000higher chance of staying in the hospital for a longer period of time.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The clinical and para-clinical manifestations of pregnant women with COVID-19 are\u0000different from non-pregnant women. Although there was a significant difference between the two\u0000groups due to mortality, the percentage of admission to the intensive care unit in pregnant women\u0000with COVID-19 is higher than in non-pregnant women. To avoid these adverse outcomes, pregnant\u0000women should take precautions to avoid COVID-19 infection.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.2174/0126667975293898240227062513
Mohd Mustafa, Kashif Abbas, S. Habib
{"title":"A Comprehensive Report on Long COVID, Emerging Challenges, and\u0000Research Priorities in the Pandemic","authors":"Mohd Mustafa, Kashif Abbas, S. Habib","doi":"10.2174/0126667975293898240227062513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975293898240227062513","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is a type of acute respiratory syndrome caused by a virus from the family of coronaviruses that has affected all the countries of the world in a short period. The purpose of this review is to identify and report medicinal plants effective against covid-19. In this study, the keywords containing medicinal plants and "corona disease" i.e. covid-19, MERS, SARS-CoV-2, and medicinal plants or natural antioxidants were used. Search databases including ISI, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Mag Iran, and SID were used. Relevant articles were selected and unrelated articles were excluded. Based on the obtained results, medicinal plants such as Isatis indigotica Fortune, Bupleurum spp., Curcuma longa L., Cibotium barometz (L.), Rheum palmatum L., Rheum palmatum L., Sprag, Scutettaria baicalensis Georg, Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Tribulus terrestris L, Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent., Stephania tetrandra S. Moore and related species, Sambucus formosana Nakai, Strobilanthes cusia, Lycoris radiata, E. purpurea, Lobelia inflata, Eupatorium perfoliatum, and Achyranthes aspera are the most important medicinal plants that are used in the treatment of Covid-19. Due to having secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity, medicinal plants have a favorable effect in improving corona symptoms in patients with covid-19.
{"title":"Medicinal Plants and Natural Antioxidants Effective Against Corona: A\u0000Systematic Review","authors":"Damoun Razmjoue, Mohadeseh Pirhadi, Mahmoud Bahmani","doi":"10.2174/0126667975292612240219084431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975292612240219084431","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is a type of acute respiratory syndrome\u0000caused by a virus from the family of coronaviruses that has affected all the countries of the\u0000world in a short period.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The purpose of this review is to identify and report medicinal plants effective against\u0000covid-19. In this study, the keywords containing medicinal plants and \"corona disease\" i.e. covid-19,\u0000MERS, SARS-CoV-2, and medicinal plants or natural antioxidants were used.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Search databases including ISI, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Mag Iran,\u0000and SID were used. Relevant articles were selected and unrelated articles were excluded.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on the obtained results, medicinal plants such as Isatis indigotica Fortune, Bupleurum\u0000spp., Curcuma longa L., Cibotium barometz (L.), Rheum palmatum L., Rheum palmatum L., Sprag,\u0000Scutettaria baicalensis Georg, Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Salvia\u0000miltiorrhiza Bunge, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Tribulus terrestris\u0000L, Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent., Stephania tetrandra S. Moore and related species,\u0000Sambucus formosana Nakai, Strobilanthes cusia, Lycoris radiata, E. purpurea, Lobelia inflata,\u0000Eupatorium perfoliatum, and Achyranthes aspera are the most important medicinal plants that are\u0000used in the treatment of Covid-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Due to having secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity, medicinal plants have a\u0000favorable effect in improving corona symptoms in patients with covid-19.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has been vulnerable due to another virus called monkeypox. Monkeypox is a very uncommon zoonotic infectious condition that occurs in both human and non-human primates with similar clinical characteristics as smallpox along with remarkable epidemic potential because of the increasing existence of human outbursts in recent scenarios. The increasing number of cases of this virus is developing curiosity among the people, hence scientists are aiming to become aware of various pathological characteristics and management of this virus before it becomes an epidemic. Currently, the monkeypox outbreak is a trending headline and has increased as an alarming tone after continuous upcoming cases. Previous studies revealed that the first human suspected case was found on September 1, 1970, when a 9-month-old baby was admitted to the Basankusu Hospital in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is hard to distinguish monkeypox from the smallpox virus therefore, laboratory testing is the technique of disease identification and monitoring. Various new approaches and vaccines are being positioned for the prevention and clinical management of monkeypox through the entanglement of metallic and organic nanocarriers. However, more researchers suggested that virology and ecology of the virus in endemic areas is essential to recognize and avoid further worldwide occurrence of this virus. On behalf of an exhaustive literature survey, We are providing a rationalizing overview of monkeypox in the context of its present global outbreak, as well as its symptoms, prevention, treatment, assessment, and clinical studies.
{"title":"An Updated Review on the Alarming Epidemic of the Monkeypox Virus","authors":"Neelam Singh, M. Alam, Charu Bharti, Nitin Kumar, Shalini Jayant, Reetu, Aayush Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0126667975274137240222091059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975274137240222091059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000After the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has been vulnerable due to another virus called\u0000monkeypox. Monkeypox is a very uncommon zoonotic infectious condition that occurs in both human\u0000and non-human primates with similar clinical characteristics as smallpox along with remarkable\u0000epidemic potential because of the increasing existence of human outbursts in recent scenarios. The\u0000increasing number of cases of this virus is developing curiosity among the people, hence scientists\u0000are aiming to become aware of various pathological characteristics and management of this virus\u0000before it becomes an epidemic. Currently, the monkeypox outbreak is a trending headline and has\u0000increased as an alarming tone after continuous upcoming cases. Previous studies revealed that the\u0000first human suspected case was found on September 1, 1970, when a 9-month-old baby was admitted\u0000to the Basankusu Hospital in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is hard to distinguish monkeypox\u0000from the smallpox virus therefore, laboratory testing is the technique of disease identification and\u0000monitoring. Various new approaches and vaccines are being positioned for the prevention and clinical\u0000management of monkeypox through the entanglement of metallic and organic nanocarriers.\u0000However, more researchers suggested that virology and ecology of the virus in endemic areas is essential\u0000to recognize and avoid further worldwide occurrence of this virus. On behalf of an exhaustive\u0000literature survey, We are providing a rationalizing overview of monkeypox in the context of its present\u0000global outbreak, as well as its symptoms, prevention, treatment, assessment, and clinical studies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some pregnancies are affected by liver dysfunction, and differentiating them from possible liver dysfunction caused by COVID-19 in pregnancy will lead to a better therapeutic approach and management. The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating changes in liver function tests (LFTs) in pregnant women with mild and severe COVID-19. In this retrospective observational study, 130 pregnant women with COVID-19 were examined in two referral hospitals in Iran in 2021-2022. COVID-19 was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and WHO guidelines. Pregnant women were assigned into two categories of mild and severe COVID-19 based on clinical symptoms and radiologic chest evaluation. Demographic and clinical data of women were recorded. The level of liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin was measured in all patients. Fever, oxygen saturation level, preterm delivery, and maternal mortality were reported as final clinical outcomes and compared in two groups. Forty-nine pregnant women with severe COVID-19 and 81 pregnant women with mild COVID-19 were matched in terms of demographic data. The proportion of women with abnormal AST and ALT in the severe COVID-19 group was significantly higher than in the mild group (p<0.05). However, the proportion of women with abnormal ALP levels in the mild COVID-19 group was significantly higher than in the severe group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the proportion of women with abnormal levels of total and direct bilirubin. Most pregnant women with severe COVID-19 (50%) had a hepatocellular abnormality, while most women with mild COVID-19 (42%) had abnormalities in cholestasis (p=0.003). According to the present findings, liver dysfunction and increased liver enzymes in pregnant women with COVID-19 were related to the severity of the disease, and most women with severe COVID-19 had hepatocellular abnormality, respectively. Therefore, pregnant women with COVID-19 should be closely monitored for LFTs assessment.
{"title":"Comparison of Changes in Liver Function Tests in Pregnant Women with Mild and Severe COVID-19","authors":"P. Pooransari, Razieh Pouransari, Mahboobeh Gharib Laki, Zhila Abedi Asl, Samira Yavari, Reza Hosseiniara","doi":"10.2174/0126667975289100240216115702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975289100240216115702","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Some pregnancies are affected by liver dysfunction, and differentiating them\u0000from possible liver dysfunction caused by COVID-19 in pregnancy will lead to a better therapeutic\u0000approach and management.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating changes in liver function\u0000tests (LFTs) in pregnant women with mild and severe COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this retrospective observational study, 130 pregnant women with COVID-19 were\u0000examined in two referral hospitals in Iran in 2021-2022. COVID-19 was confirmed by reverse\u0000transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and WHO guidelines. Pregnant women were\u0000assigned into two categories of mild and severe COVID-19 based on clinical symptoms and radiologic\u0000chest evaluation. Demographic and clinical data of women were recorded. The level of liver\u0000enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin was measured in all patients. Fever, oxygen\u0000saturation level, preterm delivery, and maternal mortality were reported as final clinical outcomes\u0000and compared in two groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Forty-nine pregnant women with severe COVID-19 and 81 pregnant women with mild\u0000COVID-19 were matched in terms of demographic data. The proportion of women with abnormal\u0000AST and ALT in the severe COVID-19 group was significantly higher than in the mild group\u0000(p<0.05). However, the proportion of women with abnormal ALP levels in the mild COVID-19\u0000group was significantly higher than in the severe group. Moreover, there was no significant difference\u0000between the two groups in terms of the proportion of women with abnormal levels of total\u0000and direct bilirubin. Most pregnant women with severe COVID-19 (50%) had a hepatocellular\u0000abnormality, while most women with mild COVID-19 (42%) had abnormalities in cholestasis\u0000(p=0.003).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000According to the present findings, liver dysfunction and increased liver enzymes in\u0000pregnant women with COVID-19 were related to the severity of the disease, and most women with\u0000severe COVID-19 had hepatocellular abnormality, respectively. Therefore, pregnant women with\u0000COVID-19 should be closely monitored for LFTs assessment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.2174/0126667975287209240216054141
Mohammad Shahin Shahvardizadeh, Faranak Rezaei, Shahnaz Halimi, S. Delfani, P. Shakib, S. Soroush
It has been four years since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to medical professionals, medical students have also been at the forefront of the fight against this pandemic and, like them, have been highly susceptible to the virus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of Iranian medical students about COVID-19, preventive behaviors, and their perception of risk in the second year of this pandemic. The study was conducted from January to October 2021 (during the fourth and fifth waves of COVID-19) on Iranian medical students who were undergoing clinical courses in university hospitals. In this study, an online questionnaire consisting of 48 questions in Persian was provided to the students. After sending an electronic questionnaire to the students, 401 medical students from Lorestan University of Medical Sciences participated in the survey. Of these, 62.8% were studying medicine in the medical field. About 66.1%, 69.1%, and 54.9% of medical students considered common antiviral drugs, traditional medicine, and the flu vaccine to be ineffective in preventing COVID-19, respectively. To effectively prevent the transmission of COVID-19, 72.6% of medical students used 3-layer surgical masks, 18.7% relied on hand washing and personal hygiene alone, 73.6% advocated for mask usage by all members of the community, and 47.4% believed in using N95 masks during intubation, suction, bronchoscopy, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In terms of information sources, 65.1% of medical students trusted the opinions of doctors and nurses, and 40.6% obtained necessary information about the disease from these healthcare professionals. The basic and clinical knowledge of medical students was at an average level, indicating the need for retraining courses to update their information and impart current knowledge. The normalization of epidemic conditions for medical staff and the students under their supervision was not prevalent among the students. This not only increases the likelihood of individuals contracting the disease multiple times but also poses a potential source of contamination for society. Therefore, conducting educational workshops in this field can significantly impact compliance with health protocols.
{"title":"The Level of Knowledge and Performance of Iranian Medical Students in The Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Mohammad Shahin Shahvardizadeh, Faranak Rezaei, Shahnaz Halimi, S. Delfani, P. Shakib, S. Soroush","doi":"10.2174/0126667975287209240216054141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975287209240216054141","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000It has been four years since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition\u0000to medical professionals, medical students have also been at the forefront of the fight against this\u0000pandemic and, like them, have been highly susceptible to the virus. The aim of this study was to\u0000evaluate the level of knowledge of Iranian medical students about COVID-19, preventive behaviors,\u0000and their perception of risk in the second year of this pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was conducted from January to October 2021 (during the fourth and fifth waves\u0000of COVID-19) on Iranian medical students who were undergoing clinical courses in university hospitals.\u0000In this study, an online questionnaire consisting of 48 questions in Persian was provided to the\u0000students.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000After sending an electronic questionnaire to the students, 401 medical students from\u0000Lorestan University of Medical Sciences participated in the survey. Of these, 62.8% were studying\u0000medicine in the medical field. About 66.1%, 69.1%, and 54.9% of medical students considered\u0000common antiviral drugs, traditional medicine, and the flu vaccine to be ineffective in preventing\u0000COVID-19, respectively. To effectively prevent the transmission of COVID-19, 72.6% of medical\u0000students used 3-layer surgical masks, 18.7% relied on hand washing and personal hygiene alone,\u000073.6% advocated for mask usage by all members of the community, and 47.4% believed in using\u0000N95 masks during intubation, suction, bronchoscopy, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In terms of\u0000information sources, 65.1% of medical students trusted the opinions of doctors and nurses, and\u000040.6% obtained necessary information about the disease from these healthcare professionals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The basic and clinical knowledge of medical students was at an average level, indicating\u0000the need for retraining courses to update their information and impart current knowledge. The\u0000normalization of epidemic conditions for medical staff and the students under their supervision was\u0000not prevalent among the students. This not only increases the likelihood of individuals contracting the\u0000disease multiple times but also poses a potential source of contamination for society. Therefore, conducting\u0000educational workshops in this field can significantly impact compliance with health protocols.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.2174/0126667975284845231205102151
A. Bharadwaj
The COVID-19 virus has killed more than 6.3 million people worldwide. The misuse of antibiotics increased during epidemics, leading to the spread of MDRs. Although antibiotic use is increasing in both developed and developing countries, the utility level and abuse are higher in developing countries. This could have negative consequences for the vaccine, especially considering that many developing countries reported the emergence of many resistant microbes even before the pandemic. Infectious diseases, social and cultural pressures, and telemedicine facilities can all contribute to the overuse of antibiotics. The emergence of multidrug resistance is a major concern, especially in developing countries where health services are already inadequate and diagnostic capacity and facilities for disease prevention and control are inadequate. This might be the major cause of the extensive spread of such diseases. Improper waste management and disposal in hospitals and communities make it easy for clean water to leak from the area, causing many diseases and causing many antibiotics. The potential for microplastics to be turned into anti-bacterial products is also of particular concern for low- and middle-income countries. In the present review, we aim to examine the impact of multidrug resistance in ESKAPE infections coupled with healthcare-associated infections and determine their risk of secondary infection in COVID-19 patients in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 epidemic from a multidisciplinary perspective, identify the challenge for developing countries and seek solutions to solve this problem.
{"title":"Impact of MDRs on COVID-19 Patients Among Developing Countries","authors":"A. Bharadwaj","doi":"10.2174/0126667975284845231205102151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975284845231205102151","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The COVID-19 virus has killed more than 6.3 million people worldwide. The misuse of\u0000antibiotics increased during epidemics, leading to the spread of MDRs. Although antibiotic use is\u0000increasing in both developed and developing countries, the utility level and abuse are higher in developing\u0000countries. This could have negative consequences for the vaccine, especially considering\u0000that many developing countries reported the emergence of many resistant microbes even before the\u0000pandemic. Infectious diseases, social and cultural pressures, and telemedicine facilities can all contribute\u0000to the overuse of antibiotics. The emergence of multidrug resistance is a major concern, especially\u0000in developing countries where health services are already inadequate and diagnostic capacity\u0000and facilities for disease prevention and control are inadequate. This might be the major cause of the\u0000extensive spread of such diseases. Improper waste management and disposal in hospitals and communities\u0000make it easy for clean water to leak from the area, causing many diseases and causing many\u0000antibiotics. The potential for microplastics to be turned into anti-bacterial products is also of particular\u0000concern for low- and middle-income countries. In the present review, we aim to examine the impact\u0000of multidrug resistance in ESKAPE infections coupled with healthcare-associated infections and\u0000determine their risk of secondary infection in COVID-19 patients in low- and middle-income countries\u0000during the COVID-19 epidemic from a multidisciplinary perspective, identify the challenge for\u0000developing countries and seek solutions to solve this problem.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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