Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103221
Francesc Corbera-Rubio, Roos Goedhart, Michele Laureni, Mark CM van Loosdrecht, Doris van Halem
Gravity-driven sand filters are the dominant groundwater treatment technology for drinking water production. In the past, physicochemical reactions were often assumed to play the main role in the removal of contaminants, but recent breakthroughs showcase the vital role of microorganisms. In this Current Opinion, we thoroughly assess the current understanding of biology in sand filters and explore the potential benefits of shifting toward designs aimed at promoting biological reactions. We highlight the main bottlenecks and propose key areas to be explored toward the next generation of sustainable, resource-efficient groundwater biofilters.
{"title":"A biotechnological perspective on sand filtration for drinking water production","authors":"Francesc Corbera-Rubio, Roos Goedhart, Michele Laureni, Mark CM van Loosdrecht, Doris van Halem","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gravity-driven sand filters are the dominant groundwater treatment technology for drinking water production. In the past, physicochemical reactions were often assumed to play the main role in the removal of contaminants, but recent breakthroughs showcase the vital role of microorganisms. In this <em>Current Opinion</em>, we thoroughly assess the current understanding of biology in sand filters and explore the potential benefits of shifting toward designs aimed at promoting biological reactions. We highlight the main bottlenecks and propose key areas to be explored toward the next generation of sustainable, resource-efficient groundwater biofilters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103221"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103226
Will J Brownlie , Peter Alexander , Dana Cordell , Mark Maslin , Genevieve S Metson , Mark A Sutton , Bryan M Spears
The dependence of countries on phosphorus fertilisers derived from phosphate rock to maintain crop yields and ensure food security is well established. Yet, exposure of national food systems to constrained reserves of phosphate rock and supply chain complexities still pose risks to farmers’ access to this critical nutrient in many countries. Whilst phosphorus scarcity can threaten food security, suboptimal fertiliser use and poor wastewater treatment can lead to pollution of freshwaters and coasts, causing eutrophication. This impacts biodiversity, drinking water and aquatic food production. In some countries, national plans targeting the recycling of phosphorus losses back into food production are being considered, offering environmental and socio-economic benefits. Here, we review the literature on assessing risks to food security and water quality associated with national reliance on phosphate rock as the primary source of phosphorus for fertilisers. The scientific community has developed data and tools to enable countries to assess exposure in food systems from phosphorus supply and management and in the environment from pollution. However, current assessment approaches often overlook economic vulnerability, a key gap that hinders our understanding of the urgency and severity of impacts from inaction. Exposure assessments could be used to develop National Sustainable Phosphorus Plans embedding priority actions and financial instruments across existing policy frameworks. Actions include identifying local to national sources and sites for phosphorus recycling, identifying catchments and ecosystems where the benefits of reducing phosphorus pollution are greatest, and establishing an infrastructure development plan to enable greater recycling and reduced pollution. We discuss four integrated actions that will enable countries to take the first steps towards a circular phosphorus economy in the context of a challenging global situation.
{"title":"National phosphorus planning for food and environmental security","authors":"Will J Brownlie , Peter Alexander , Dana Cordell , Mark Maslin , Genevieve S Metson , Mark A Sutton , Bryan M Spears","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dependence of countries on phosphorus fertilisers derived from phosphate rock to maintain crop yields and ensure food security is well established. Yet, exposure of national food systems to constrained reserves of phosphate rock and supply chain complexities still pose risks to farmers’ access to this critical nutrient in many countries. Whilst phosphorus scarcity can threaten food security, suboptimal fertiliser use and poor wastewater treatment can lead to pollution of freshwaters and coasts, causing eutrophication. This impacts biodiversity, drinking water and aquatic food production. In some countries, national plans targeting the recycling of phosphorus losses back into food production are being considered, offering environmental and socio-economic benefits. Here, we review the literature on assessing risks to food security and water quality associated with national reliance on phosphate rock as the primary source of phosphorus for fertilisers. The scientific community has developed data and tools to enable countries to assess exposure in food systems from phosphorus supply and management and in the environment from pollution. However, current assessment approaches often overlook economic vulnerability, a key gap that hinders our understanding of the urgency and severity of impacts from inaction. Exposure assessments could be used to develop National Sustainable Phosphorus Plans embedding priority actions and financial instruments across existing policy frameworks. Actions include identifying local to national sources and sites for phosphorus recycling, identifying catchments and ecosystems where the benefits of reducing phosphorus pollution are greatest, and establishing an infrastructure development plan to enable greater recycling and reduced pollution. We discuss four integrated actions that will enable countries to take the first steps towards a circular phosphorus economy in the context of a challenging global situation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103226"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103223
Anna Mei , Kevin P Letscher , Sai Reddy
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a powerful treatment against hematologic cancers. The functional phenotype of a CAR-T cell is influenced by the domains that comprise the synthetic receptor. Typically, the potency of therapeutic CAR-T cell candidates is assessed by preclinical functional assays and mouse models (i.e. human tumor xenografts). However, to date, only a few sets of domains (e.g. CD8, CD28, 41BB) have been extensively tested in preclinical assays and human clinical studies. To characterize the efficiency of a CAR, different assays have been utilized to analyze T cell phenotypes, such as expansion, cytotoxicity, secretome, and persistence. However, each of these previous studies evaluated the importance of an assay differently, resulting in a wide range of functionally diverse CARs. In this review, we highlight recent (high-throughput) methods to analyze CAR domains and demonstrate their impact on inducing T cell phenotypes and activity. We also describe advances in computational methods and their potential for identifying CAR variants with enhanced properties. Finally, we reflect on the need for a standardized scoring system to support the clinical development of next-generation CARs.
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T 细胞是一种治疗血液癌症的有效方法。CAR-T 细胞的功能表型受合成受体结构域的影响。通常，临床前功能测定和小鼠模型（即人类肿瘤异种移植）可评估候选 CAR-T 治疗细胞的效力。然而，迄今为止，只有少数几个结构域（如 CD8、CD28、41BB）在临床前试验和人体临床研究中进行了广泛测试。为了描述 CAR 的效率，人们采用了不同的检测方法来分析 T 细胞的表型，如扩增、细胞毒性、分泌组和持久性。然而，以往的这些研究对检测方法重要性的评估各不相同，因此产生了多种功能各异的 CAR。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近分析 CAR 结构域的（高通量）方法，并展示了它们对诱导 T 细胞表型和活性的影响。我们还介绍了计算方法的进展及其在鉴定具有增强特性的 CAR 变体方面的潜力。最后，我们探讨了建立标准化评分系统以支持下一代 CAR 临床开发的必要性。
{"title":"Engineering next-generation chimeric antigen receptor-T cells: recent breakthroughs and remaining challenges in design and screening of novel chimeric antigen receptor variants","authors":"Anna Mei , Kevin P Letscher , Sai Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a powerful treatment against hematologic cancers. The functional phenotype of a CAR-T cell is influenced by the domains that comprise the synthetic receptor. Typically, the potency of therapeutic CAR-T cell candidates is assessed by preclinical functional assays and mouse models (i.e. human tumor xenografts). However, to date, only a few sets of domains (e.g. CD8, CD28, 41BB) have been extensively tested in preclinical assays and human clinical studies. To characterize the efficiency of a CAR, different assays have been utilized to analyze T cell phenotypes, such as expansion, cytotoxicity, secretome, and persistence. However, each of these previous studies evaluated the importance of an assay differently, resulting in a wide range of functionally diverse CARs. In this review, we highlight recent (high-throughput) methods to analyze CAR domains and demonstrate their impact on inducing T cell phenotypes and activity. We also describe advances in computational methods and their potential for identifying CAR variants with enhanced properties. Finally, we reflect on the need for a standardized scoring system to support the clinical development of next-generation CARs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103223"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103222
Christina F Webster , Won-Jun Kim , Gemma Reguera , Maren L Friesen , Haluk Beyenal
This review presents current knowledge on applying bioelectrochemical sensors to monitor soil fertility through microbial activity and discusses future perspectives. Soil microbial activity is considered an indicator of soil fertility due to the interconnected relationship between soil nutrient composition, microbiome, and plant productivity. Similarities between soils and bioelectrochemical reactors provide the foundation for the design of bioelectrochemical sensors driven by microorganisms enriched as electrochemically active biofilms on polarized electrodes. The biofilm can exchange electrons with electrodes and metabolites with the nearby microbiome to generate electrochemical signals that inform of microbiome functions and nutrient bioavailability. Such mechanisms can be harnessed as a bioelectrochemical sensor for proxy monitoring of soil fertility to address the need for real-time monitoring of soils.
{"title":"Review: can bioelectrochemical sensors be used to monitor soil microbiome activity and fertility?","authors":"Christina F Webster , Won-Jun Kim , Gemma Reguera , Maren L Friesen , Haluk Beyenal","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review presents current knowledge on applying bioelectrochemical sensors to monitor soil fertility through microbial activity and discusses future perspectives. Soil microbial activity is considered an indicator of soil fertility due to the interconnected relationship between soil nutrient composition, microbiome, and plant productivity. Similarities between soils and bioelectrochemical reactors provide the foundation for the design of bioelectrochemical sensors driven by microorganisms enriched as electrochemically active biofilms on polarized electrodes. The biofilm can exchange electrons with electrodes and metabolites with the nearby microbiome to generate electrochemical signals that inform of microbiome functions and nutrient bioavailability. Such mechanisms can be harnessed as a bioelectrochemical sensor for proxy monitoring of soil fertility to address the need for real-time monitoring of soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103222"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103224
Lene S Høydahl , Gøril Berntzen, Geir Å Løset
A major prevailing challenge limiting our ability to fully harness the potential of the latest-generation therapeutic antibodies is the scarcity of clinically established disease-specific targets. A major next step forward will therefore be to expand this target space. The recent clinical success of immunotherapies such as adoptive T-cell transfer, immune checkpoint inhibition, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy strongly supports focusing on the immunopeptidome of peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) that are normally surveilled by T-cell receptors (TCRs). Directing novel antibody development toward pHLA targets has given rise to TCR-like antibodies, which reached the clinic in 2020, as both bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies and the CARs of CAR-T cell therapies. In this review, we highlight recent advances in TCR-like antibodies, including therapeutic modalities, engineering strategies, and benchmarks for success.
限制我们充分利用最新一代治疗性抗体潜力的一个主要挑战是，临床上确定的疾病特异性靶点很少。因此，下一步的主要工作就是扩大这一靶点的范围。最近，免疫疗法（如收养 T 细胞转移、免疫检查点抑制和嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T 细胞疗法）在临床上取得了成功，这有力地支持了将重点放在人类白细胞抗原（pHLA）呈现的肽的免疫肽组上，这些肽通常由 T 细胞受体（TCR）监测。针对 pHLA 靶点的新型抗体开发催生了类 TCR 抗体，它们作为双特异性 T 细胞参与抗体和 CAR-T 细胞疗法的 CAR，于 2020 年进入临床。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍 TCR 类抗体的最新进展，包括治疗模式、工程策略和成功基准。
{"title":"Engineering T-cell receptor–like antibodies for biologics and cell therapy","authors":"Lene S Høydahl , Gøril Berntzen, Geir Å Løset","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A major prevailing challenge limiting our ability to fully harness the potential of the latest-generation therapeutic antibodies is the scarcity of clinically established disease-specific targets. A major next step forward will therefore be to expand this target space. The recent clinical success of immunotherapies such as adoptive T-cell transfer, immune checkpoint inhibition, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy strongly supports focusing on the immunopeptidome of peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) that are normally surveilled by T-cell receptors (TCRs). Directing novel antibody development toward pHLA targets has given rise to TCR-like antibodies, which reached the clinic in 2020, as both bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies and the CARs of CAR-T cell therapies. In this review, we highlight recent advances in TCR-like antibodies, including therapeutic modalities, engineering strategies, and benchmarks for success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103224"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103218
Sara Linciano , Emilia Vigolo , Antonio Rosato , Yoichi Kumada , Alessandro Angelini
Small immunomodulatory payloads (IMMs) such as peptide vaccines and cytokines have the capability to activate and boost the immune response against cancer. However, their clinical use has often been hindered by their poor stability and short circulating half-lives. To enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of small IMMs and promote their trafficking and accumulation in lymphatic and tumor tissues, a large variety of strategies have been developed. One of the most successful relies on the use of serum albumin (SA), the most abundant protein in the circulatory and lymphatic system. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the different covalent and noncovalent SA-based strategies applied so far to improve the efficacy of small IMMs in cancer therapy.
肽疫苗和细胞因子等小型免疫调节有效载荷（IMMs）具有激活和增强抗癌免疫反应的能力。然而，它们的稳定性差、循环半衰期短，往往阻碍了它们的临床应用。为了提高小型 IMMs 的药代动力学特性，促进它们在淋巴和肿瘤组织中的运输和积累，人们开发了多种策略。最成功的策略之一是使用血清白蛋白（SA），它是循环和淋巴系统中最丰富的蛋白质。在这里，我们报告了迄今为止为提高小型 IMMs 在癌症治疗中的疗效而应用的基于共价和非共价 SA 的不同策略的比较分析。
{"title":"Albumin-based strategies to effectively prolong the circulation half-life of small immunomodulatory payloads in cancer therapy","authors":"Sara Linciano , Emilia Vigolo , Antonio Rosato , Yoichi Kumada , Alessandro Angelini","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small immunomodulatory payloads (IMMs) such as peptide vaccines and cytokines have the capability to activate and boost the immune response against cancer. However, their clinical use has often been hindered by their poor stability and short circulating half-lives. To enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of small IMMs and promote their trafficking and accumulation in lymphatic and tumor tissues, a large variety of strategies have been developed. One of the most successful relies on the use of serum albumin (SA), the most abundant protein in the circulatory and lymphatic system. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the different covalent and noncovalent SA-based strategies applied so far to improve the efficacy of small IMMs in cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103218"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103220
Warren C.W. Chan
{"title":"Editorial overview: Nanobiotechnology: A focus on the fundamentals","authors":"Warren C.W. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103220"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103219
Talia Jacobson , Mair Edwards , Cătălin Voiniciuc
Plant cells sequester atmospheric carbon in thick walls containing heterogenous networks of cellulose and hemicelluloses (e.g. xylan and mannan), surrounded by additional polymers. Plants and microbes secrete glycosyl hydrolases that act alone or as modular complexes to modify extracellular polysaccharides. While several carbohydrate-active enzymes have been successfully targeted for crop improvement, additional hydrolytic proteins or more efficient versions are needed for the circular bioeconomy. Here, we discuss persistent challenges and emerging opportunities to enhance extracellular enzymes for use in plants or as tools to process biomass for various products. In addition to the design of minimal cellulosomes that combine microbial scaffolding proteins and polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, we review three major strategies that could improve the properties of plant-derived glycosyl hydrolases.
{"title":"Sharp solutions to cleave plant fibers","authors":"Talia Jacobson , Mair Edwards , Cătălin Voiniciuc","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant cells sequester atmospheric carbon in thick walls containing heterogenous networks of cellulose and hemicelluloses (e.g. xylan and mannan), surrounded by additional polymers. Plants and microbes secrete glycosyl hydrolases that act alone or as modular complexes to modify extracellular polysaccharides. While several carbohydrate-active enzymes have been successfully targeted for crop improvement, additional hydrolytic proteins or more efficient versions are needed for the circular bioeconomy. Here, we discuss persistent challenges and emerging opportunities to enhance extracellular enzymes for use in plants or as tools to process biomass for various products. In addition to the design of minimal cellulosomes that combine microbial scaffolding proteins and polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, we review three major strategies that could improve the properties of plant-derived glycosyl hydrolases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103219"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103217
Korena K Mafune , Mari KH Winkler
Fungal organisms hold vital roles in ecosystem processes. Despite their intricate entanglement with most life on earth and their powerful metabolic capacities, they remain under-represented in environmental biotechnology. The interest in applying fungal biotechnologies to different environments is growing, as light is shed on their versatile potential. A diversity of fungi can be harnessed to promote crop yield, remediate pollutants from terrestrial and aquatic environments, and mitigate climate change impacts. Current technological advancements, such as the increase in high-accuracy ‘omics pipelines, provide improvement. However, it is emphasized that there are many knowledge gaps regarding applying fungal biotechnology at scale where other organisms are inherently present. Hence, there is a dire need to increase funding that enables in-depth studies on fungal processes, such as degradation capacities, metabolite production, and cross-kingdom interactions, that promote climate-smart biotechnologies.
{"title":"The expansion of fungal organisms in environmental biotechnology","authors":"Korena K Mafune , Mari KH Winkler","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal organisms hold vital roles in ecosystem processes. Despite their intricate entanglement with most life on earth and their powerful metabolic capacities, they remain under-represented in environmental biotechnology. The interest in applying fungal biotechnologies to different environments is growing, as light is shed on their versatile potential. A diversity of fungi can be harnessed to promote crop yield, remediate pollutants from terrestrial and aquatic environments, and mitigate climate change impacts. Current technological advancements, such as the increase in high-accuracy ‘omics pipelines, provide improvement. However, it is emphasized that there are many knowledge gaps regarding applying fungal biotechnology at scale where other organisms are inherently present. Hence, there is a dire need to increase funding that enables in-depth studies on fungal processes, such as degradation capacities, metabolite production, and cross-kingdom interactions, that promote climate-smart biotechnologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103217"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103216
Savannah E Butler , Margaret E Ackerman
Novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell designs are being developed to overcome challenges with tumor recognition, trafficking, on-target but off-tumor binding, cytotoxicity, persistence, and immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment. Whereas traditional CAR engineering is an iterative, hypothesis-driven process in which novel designs are rationally constructed and tested for in vivo efficacy, drawing from the fields of small-molecule and protein-based therapeutic discovery, we consider how high-throughput, functional screening technologies are beginning to be applied for the development of promising CAR candidates. We review how the development of high-throughput screening methods has the potential to streamline the CAR discovery process, ultimately improving efficiency and clinical efficacy.
目前正在开发新型嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞设计，以克服肿瘤识别、贩运、靶上但非肿瘤结合、细胞毒性、持久性以及肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制等难题。传统的 CAR 工程是一个迭代、假设驱动的过程，在这个过程中，新的设计被合理地构建并测试体内疗效，我们借鉴了基于小分子和蛋白质的治疗发现领域的经验，同时考虑了高通量功能筛选技术如何开始应用于开发有前景的 CAR 候选者。我们回顾了高通量筛选方法的开发是如何简化 CAR 发现过程，最终提高效率和临床疗效的。
{"title":"Challenges and future perspectives for high-throughput chimeric antigen receptor T cell discovery","authors":"Savannah E Butler , Margaret E Ackerman","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell designs are being developed to overcome challenges with tumor recognition, trafficking, on-target but off-tumor binding, cytotoxicity, persistence, and immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment. Whereas traditional CAR engineering is an iterative, hypothesis-driven process in which novel designs are rationally constructed and tested for <em>in vivo</em> efficacy, drawing from the fields of small-molecule and protein-based therapeutic discovery, we consider how high-throughput, functional screening technologies are beginning to be applied for the development of promising CAR candidates. We review how the development of high-throughput screening methods has the potential to streamline the CAR discovery process, ultimately improving efficiency and clinical efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103216"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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