Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103093
Madan R Gopal , Aditya M Kunjapur
Polymeric materials are ubiquitous to modern life. However, reliance of petroleum for polymeric building blocks is not sustainable. The synthesis of macromolecules from recalcitrant polymer waste feedstocks, such as plastic waste and lignocellulosic biomass, presents an opportunity to bypass the use of petroleum-based feedstocks. However, the deconstruction and transformation of these alternative feedstocks remained limited until recently. Herein, we highlight examples of monomers liberated from the deconstruction of recalcitrant polymers, and more extensively, we showcase the state-of-the-art in biocatalytic technologies that are enabling synthesis of diverse upcycled monomeric starting materials for a wide variety of macromolecules. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of functional group interconversion as a promising strategy by which biocatalysis can aid the diversification and upcycling of monomers.
{"title":"Harnessing biocatalysis to achieve selective functional group interconversion of monomers","authors":"Madan R Gopal , Aditya M Kunjapur","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymeric materials are ubiquitous to modern life. However, reliance of petroleum for polymeric building blocks is not sustainable. The synthesis of macromolecules from recalcitrant polymer waste feedstocks, such as plastic waste and lignocellulosic biomass, presents an opportunity to bypass the use of petroleum-based feedstocks. However, the deconstruction and transformation of these alternative feedstocks remained limited until recently. Herein, we highlight examples of monomers liberated from the deconstruction of recalcitrant polymers, and more extensively, we showcase the state-of-the-art in biocatalytic technologies that are enabling synthesis of diverse upcycled monomeric starting materials for a wide variety of macromolecules. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of functional group interconversion as a promising strategy by which biocatalysis can aid the diversification and upcycling of monomers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139986391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103080
Vasiliki Kolliopoulos , Brendan AC Harley
Collagen is a primary constituent of the tissue extracellular matrix. As a result, collagen has been a common component of tissue engineering biomaterials, including those to promote bone regeneration or to investigate cell-material interactions in the context of bone homeostasis or disease. This review summarizes key considerations regarding current state-of-the-art design and use of collagen biomaterials for these applications. We also describe strategic opportunities for collagen biomaterials to address a new era of challenges, including immunomodulation and appropriate consideration of sex and other patient characteristics in biomaterial design.
{"title":"Mineralized collagen scaffolds for regenerative engineering applications","authors":"Vasiliki Kolliopoulos , Brendan AC Harley","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Collagen is a primary constituent of the tissue extracellular matrix. As a result, collagen has been a common component of tissue engineering biomaterials, including those to promote bone regeneration or to investigate cell-material interactions in the context of bone homeostasis or disease. This review summarizes key considerations regarding current state-of-the-art design and use of collagen biomaterials for these applications. We also describe strategic opportunities for collagen biomaterials to address a new era of challenges, including immunomodulation and appropriate consideration of sex and other patient characteristics in biomaterial design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958166924000168/pdfft?md5=8a789bf3859da16b4b261dc203ac460d&pid=1-s2.0-S0958166924000168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103084
Karson Hilgendorf , Yirong Wang , Michael J Miller , Yong-Su Jin
Precision fermentation involves the rewiring of metabolic pathways in generally recognized as safe microorganisms, fermentation scale-up, and downstream processing to produce food ingredients from abundant and inexpensive substrates. Using precise genome editing of food-fermenting microorganisms, precision fermentation can also produce fermented foods with more desirable properties. These genetic tools allow for the manipulation of flavors and nutritional content in fermented foods, the economic production of functional food ingredients, and the sustainable production of otherwise-costly macronutrients. By introducing the metabolic designs, genetic modifications, and resulting products of engineered microorganisms developed through academic and industrial research, this review aims to provide insights into the potentials and challenges of precision fermentation for the economic, safe, and sustainable production of foods.
{"title":"Precision fermentation for improving the quality, flavor, safety, and sustainability of foods","authors":"Karson Hilgendorf , Yirong Wang , Michael J Miller , Yong-Su Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precision fermentation involves the rewiring of metabolic pathways in generally recognized as safe microorganisms, fermentation scale-up, and downstream processing to produce food ingredients from abundant and inexpensive substrates. Using precise genome editing of food-fermenting microorganisms, precision fermentation can also produce fermented foods with more desirable properties. These genetic tools allow for the manipulation of flavors and nutritional content in fermented foods, the economic production of functional food ingredients, and the sustainable production of otherwise-costly macronutrients. By introducing the metabolic designs, genetic modifications, and resulting products of engineered microorganisms developed through academic and industrial research, this review aims to provide insights into the potentials and challenges of precision fermentation for the economic, safe, and sustainable production of foods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139936961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103083
Habib Sadeghirad , Vahid Yaghoubi Naei , Ken O’Byrne , Majid E Warkiani , Arutha Kulasinghe
The development of new therapies for cancer is underpinned by an increasing need to comprehensively characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME). While traditional approaches have relied on bulk or single-cell approaches, these are limited in their ability to provide cellular context. Deconvolution of the complex TME is fundamental to understanding tumor dynamics and treatment resistance. Spatially resolved characterization of the TME is likely to provide greater insights into the cellular architecture, tumor-immune cell interactions, receptor–ligand interactions, and cell niches. In turn, these aid in dictating the optimal way in which to target each patient’s individual cancer. In this review, we discuss a number of cutting-edge in situ spatial profiling methods giving us new insights into tumor biology.
{"title":"In situ characterization of the tumor microenvironment","authors":"Habib Sadeghirad , Vahid Yaghoubi Naei , Ken O’Byrne , Majid E Warkiani , Arutha Kulasinghe","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of new therapies for cancer is underpinned by an increasing need to comprehensively characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME). While traditional approaches have relied on bulk or single-cell approaches, these are limited in their ability to provide cellular context. Deconvolution of the complex TME is fundamental to understanding tumor dynamics and treatment resistance. Spatially resolved characterization of the TME is likely to provide greater insights into the cellular architecture, tumor-immune cell interactions, receptor–ligand interactions, and cell niches. In turn, these aid in dictating the optimal way in which to target each patient’s individual cancer. In this review, we discuss a number of cutting-edge <em>in situ</em> spatial profiling methods giving us new insights into tumor biology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958166924000193/pdfft?md5=5f85f0fd2f0b3cf341dc2b350ccadbf5&pid=1-s2.0-S0958166924000193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103081
Alejandro P Croonenberghs, Dries Bongaerts, Arne Bouchez, Jonas De Roos , Luc De Vuyst
Belgium is known for its traditional lambic beer productions, obtained through spontaneous fermentation and maturation in wooden barrels. Lambic beer is also used to make fruit lambic beers, such as Kriek beer. Despite fruit beer being an old beer type, dating back to the second half of the seventeenth century, no research has been performed on lambic beer-fruit co-fermentation processes. Further, these beers get competition from market-driven, sweet, (fruit-)flavored ones without the co-fermentation step. This paper will first discuss a new, general fruit beer classification, going from sour fruit beers produced through co-fermentation to sweet ones without a co-fermentation step. Second, a state-of-the-art of the scarce literature on the microbiology and metabolomics of lambic beer-fruit co-fermentation processes will be given.
{"title":"Fruit beers, beers with or without a co-fermentation step with fruits","authors":"Alejandro P Croonenberghs, Dries Bongaerts, Arne Bouchez, Jonas De Roos , Luc De Vuyst","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Belgium is known for its traditional lambic beer productions, obtained through spontaneous fermentation and maturation in wooden barrels. Lambic beer is also used to make fruit lambic beers, such as <em>Kriek</em> beer. Despite fruit beer being an old beer type, dating back to the second half of the seventeenth century, no research has been performed on lambic beer-fruit co-fermentation processes. Further, these beers get competition from market-driven, sweet, (fruit-)flavored ones without the co-fermentation step. This paper will first discuss a new, general fruit beer classification, going from sour fruit beers produced through co-fermentation to sweet ones without a co-fermentation step. Second, a state-of-the-art of the scarce literature on the microbiology and metabolomics of lambic beer-fruit co-fermentation processes will be given.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095816692400017X/pdfft?md5=54787b99264b6985d1dec7be4de6ee34&pid=1-s2.0-S095816692400017X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139907400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103075
Aida López Ruiz , Eric D Slaughter , April M Kloxin , Catherine A Fromen
Autoimmune diseases are caused by malfunctions of the immune system and generally impact women at twice the frequency of men. Many of the most serious autoimmune diseases are accompanied by a dysregulation of T-cell phenotype, both regarding the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T-cells and proinflammatory versus regulatory phenotypes. Biomaterials, in the form of particles and hydrogels, have shown promise in ameliorating this dysregulation both in vivo and ex vivo. In this review, we explore the role of T-cells in autoimmune diseases, particularly those with high incidence rates in women, and evaluate the promise and efficacy of innovative biomaterial-based approaches for targeting T-cells.
自身免疫性疾病是由免疫系统功能失调引起的,女性患病率通常是男性的两倍。许多最严重的自身免疫性疾病都伴有 T 细胞表型失调,包括 CD4+ 与 CD8+ T 细胞的比例失调,以及促炎表型与调节表型失调。颗粒和水凝胶形式的生物材料在体内外均显示出改善这种失调的前景。在这篇综述中,我们将探讨 T 细胞在自身免疫性疾病中的作用,尤其是那些女性发病率较高的疾病,并评估基于生物材料的创新方法在靶向 T 细胞方面的前景和疗效。
{"title":"Bridging the gender gap in autoimmunity with T-cell–targeted biomaterials","authors":"Aida López Ruiz , Eric D Slaughter , April M Kloxin , Catherine A Fromen","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autoimmune diseases are caused by malfunctions of the immune system and generally impact women at twice the frequency of men. Many of the most serious autoimmune diseases are accompanied by a dysregulation of T-cell phenotype, both regarding the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T-cells and proinflammatory versus regulatory phenotypes. Biomaterials, in the form of particles and hydrogels, have shown promise in ameliorating this dysregulation both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>ex vivo</em>. In this review, we explore the role of T-cells in autoimmune diseases, particularly those with high incidence rates in women, and evaluate the promise and efficacy of innovative biomaterial-based approaches for targeting T-cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139901331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103076
Masashi Mizuno , Ken-ichiro Minato
Mushrooms are distinguished as important food-containing polysaccharides possessing potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. These compounds belong mostly to polysaccharides that are mostly β-D-glucans. Among them, β-1,3-glucan with β-1,6 side chains of glucose residues, has more important roles in their properties. In this review, we have introduced polysaccharides mainly from Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus citrinopileatus with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. In addition, the mechanisms of activation of their physiological properties and signal cascade are also reviewed.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides in mushrooms","authors":"Masashi Mizuno , Ken-ichiro Minato","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mushrooms are distinguished as important food-containing polysaccharides possessing potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. These compounds belong mostly to polysaccharides that are mostly β-<span>D</span>-glucans. Among them, β-1,3-glucan with β-1,6 side chains of glucose residues, has more important roles in their properties. In this review, we have introduced polysaccharides mainly from <em>Lentinula edodes</em> and <em>Pleurotus citrinopileatus</em> with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. In addition, the mechanisms of activation of their physiological properties and signal cascade are also reviewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139737933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103078
Yu Chen , Johan Gustafsson , Jingyu Yang , Jens Nielsen , Eduard J Kerkhoven
Single-cell technologies have been widely used in biological studies and generated a plethora of single-cell data to be interpreted. Due to the inclusion of the priori metabolic network knowledge as well as gene–protein–reaction associations, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have been a powerful tool to integrate and thereby interpret various omics data mostly from bulk samples. Here, we first review two common ways to leverage bulk omics data with GEMs and then discuss advances on integrative analysis of single-cell omics data with GEMs. We end by presenting our views on current challenges and perspectives in this field.
{"title":"Single-cell omics analysis with genome-scale metabolic modeling","authors":"Yu Chen , Johan Gustafsson , Jingyu Yang , Jens Nielsen , Eduard J Kerkhoven","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Single-cell technologies have been widely used in biological studies and generated a plethora of single-cell data to be interpreted. Due to the inclusion of the priori metabolic network knowledge as well as gene–protein–reaction associations, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have been a powerful tool to integrate and thereby interpret various omics data mostly from bulk samples. Here, we first review two common ways to leverage bulk omics data with GEMs and then discuss advances on integrative analysis of single-cell omics data with GEMs. We end by presenting our views on current challenges and perspectives in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958166924000144/pdfft?md5=89b53ed816ed38771632f7232e55f458&pid=1-s2.0-S0958166924000144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139737932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103077
Thy Truong, Ryan T. Kelly
In recent years, single-cell proteomics (SCP) has advanced significantly, enabling the analysis of thousands of proteins within single mammalian cells. This progress is driven by advances in experimental design, with maturing label-free and multiplexed methods, optimized sample preparation, and innovations in separation techniques, including ultra-low-flow nanoLC. These factors collectively contribute to improved sensitivity, throughput, and reproducibility. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry platforms and data acquisition approaches continue to play a critical role in enhancing data quality. Furthermore, the exploration of spatial proteomics with single-cell resolution offers significant promise for understanding cellular interactions, giving rise to various phenotypes. SCP has far-reaching applications in cancer research, biomarker discovery, and developmental biology. Here, we provide a critical review of recent advances in the field of SCP.
{"title":"What’s new in single-cell proteomics","authors":"Thy Truong, Ryan T. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, single-cell proteomics (SCP) has advanced significantly, enabling the analysis of thousands of proteins within single mammalian cells. This progress is driven by advances in experimental design, with maturing label-free and multiplexed methods, optimized sample preparation, and innovations in separation techniques, including ultra-low-flow nanoLC. These factors collectively contribute to improved sensitivity, throughput, and reproducibility. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry platforms and data acquisition approaches continue to play a critical role in enhancing data quality. Furthermore, the exploration of spatial proteomics with single-cell resolution offers significant promise for understanding cellular interactions, giving rise to various phenotypes. SCP has far-reaching applications in cancer research, biomarker discovery, and developmental biology. Here, we provide a critical review of recent advances in the field of SCP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139732867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103070
Blake A Richards, Antonio G Goncalves, Millicent O Sullivan, Wilfred Chen
Protein nanoparticles offer a highly tunable platform for engineering multifunctional drug delivery vehicles that can improve drug efficacy and reduce off-target effects. While many protein nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to tolerate genetic and posttranslational modifications for drug delivery applications, this review will focus on three protein nanoparticles of increasing size. Each protein nanoparticle possesses distinct properties such as highly tunable stability, capacity for splitting or fusing subunits for modular surface decoration, and well-characterized conformational changes with impressive capacity for large protein cargos. While many of the genetic and posttranslational modifications leverage these protein nanoparticle’s properties, the shared techniques highlight engineering approaches that have been generalized across many protein nanoparticle platforms.
{"title":"Engineering protein nanoparticles for drug delivery","authors":"Blake A Richards, Antonio G Goncalves, Millicent O Sullivan, Wilfred Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protein nanoparticles offer a highly tunable platform for engineering multifunctional drug delivery vehicles that can improve drug efficacy and reduce off-target effects. While many protein nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to tolerate genetic and posttranslational modifications for drug delivery applications, this review will focus on three protein nanoparticles of increasing size. Each protein nanoparticle possesses distinct properties such as highly tunable stability, capacity for splitting or fusing subunits for modular surface decoration, and well-characterized conformational changes with impressive capacity for large protein cargos. While many of the genetic and posttranslational modifications leverage these protein nanoparticle’s properties, the shared techniques highlight engineering approaches that have been generalized across many protein nanoparticle platforms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139732868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}