Current opinion in biotechnology最新文献

英文中文

Reprogramming immunity: TAL effector-informed genome editing in rice and other crops 免疫重编程：水稻和其他作物的TAL效应基因编辑。

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103430

Ajay Gupta , Priti Sharma , Bing Yang

Bacterial type III effector proteins, particularly transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) secreted by Xanthomonas spp., play critical roles in pathogen–host dynamics. While TALEs facilitate bacterial infections, they also possess vulnerabilities that plants and scientists can exploit to develop mechanisms of resistance. This review encompasses the characteristics and functions of TALEs, examining both their virulence and avirulence roles, and the host plants’ counter-strategies. We highlight advancements in genome editing technologies aimed at combating TALE-dependent plant diseases, with a focus on bacterial blight and leaf streak of rice, but also including bacterial blights of cotton and cassava, and citrus canker. Additionally, we share perspectives on various strategies and approaches for applying genome editing tools to improve disease resistance traits in crop breeding.

细菌III型效应蛋白，特别是由黄单胞菌分泌的转录激活因子样效应蛋白（transcription activator-like effector, TALEs），在病原体-宿主动力学中起着关键作用。虽然细菌容易感染，但它们也有弱点，植物和科学家可以利用它们来开发抗性机制。本文综述了褐皮菌的特点和功能，研究了它们的毒力和无毒作用，以及寄主植物的对抗策略。我们重点介绍了基因组编辑技术的进展，这些技术旨在对抗依赖tale的植物疾病，重点是水稻的细菌性枯萎病和叶条病，但也包括棉花和木薯的细菌性枯萎病以及柑橘溃疡病。此外，我们还分享了应用基因组编辑工具提高作物育种抗病性状的各种策略和方法的观点。

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The systems biology of sleep: toward integrative understanding of molecular and circuit-based mechanisms of sleep 睡眠的系统生物学：迈向对睡眠的分子和电路机制的综合理解。

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103427

Hiroyuki J Kanaya , Koji L Ode , Hiroki R Ueda

Sleep, a universal biological phenomenon, is regulated by multiscale processes, from molecular mechanisms to cellular networks. While the underlying mechanisms, particularly those governing sleep homeostasis, were poorly understood, recent technological breakthroughs have facilitated the identification of molecular and circuit-based mechanisms. Advances in mouse genetics, including next-generation genetics that bypass the need for crossing and postnatal gene knockout methods, enable the comprehensive identification of molecular components for sleep regulation by combining them with noninvasive, large-scale sleep measurements. Elucidated mechanisms include Ca²⁺-related and protein kinase/phosphatase-mediated signaling, supporting the phosphorylation hypothesis of sleep. The molecular signaling forms ‘cellular sleepiness’ in sleep regulatory neurons to modulate neuronal activity. These integrated understandings of multiscale mechanisms will lead to a system-level understanding of sleep regulation.

睡眠是一种普遍的生物现象，受到从分子机制到细胞网络等多尺度过程的调节。虽然潜在的机制，特别是那些控制睡眠稳态的机制，知之甚少，但最近的技术突破促进了分子和基于电路的机制的识别。小鼠遗传学的进步，包括下一代遗传学，绕过了交叉和产后基因敲除方法的需要，通过将它们与无创的大规模睡眠测量相结合，能够全面识别睡眠调节的分子成分。阐明的机制包括Ca2+相关和蛋白激酶/磷酸酶介导的信号传导，支持睡眠的磷酸化假说。分子信号在睡眠调节神经元中形成“细胞嗜睡”，以调节神经元活动。这些对多尺度机制的综合理解将导致对睡眠调节的系统级理解。

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From big data to mechanistic insights: decoding plant complexity with models 从大数据到机械洞察：用模型解码植物复杂性

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103428

Julian Elijah Politsch , Alberto González-Delgado , Krzysztof Wabnik

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, imaging, and phenotyping have carried plant science into the era of ‘big data.’ Complex, multi-scale datasets provide new opportunities to uncover plant molecular mechanisms with a level of detail previously unachievable. Fully exploiting this complexity requires integrating advanced statistics, computational modeling, and artificial intelligence (AI). This minireview offers guidance on how the combination of AI and mechanistic models is transforming temporal, image-based, and spatial omics data into detailed predictions of robust plant traits. In addition, embedding physical principles into AI models can enhance interpretability and strengthen their biological grounding, leading to more realistic representations of plant inner workings. Together, these advances are reshaping plant science by turning ‘big data’ into deep insights, thus greatly enriching our understanding of plant growth, adaptation, and environmental responses.

高通量测序、成像和表型分析的最新进展将植物科学带入了“大数据”时代。“复杂的多尺度数据集为揭示植物分子机制提供了新的机会，其细节程度是以前无法实现的。”充分利用这种复杂性需要集成先进的统计学、计算建模和人工智能（AI）。这篇综述为人工智能和机制模型的结合如何将时间、图像和空间组学数据转化为健壮植物性状的详细预测提供了指导。此外，将物理原理嵌入人工智能模型可以增强可解释性并加强其生物基础，从而更真实地表征植物的内部运作。总之，通过将“大数据”转化为深刻的见解，这些进步正在重塑植物科学，从而极大地丰富了我们对植物生长、适应和环境响应的理解。

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Model acetogens as chassis for CO2-driven bioproduction 模拟二氧化碳驱动生物生产的二氧化碳源

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103423

Karen Rodriguez , Jitendra Joshi , Chris Greening , Esteban Marcellin

Microbes play a pivotal role in the Earth’s carbon cycle, regulating greenhouse gas fluxes by emitting, fixing and transforming CO₂. Among them, acetogens stand out for their ability to fix CO₂ through the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, an ancient, highly energy-efficient route to acetyl-CoA that operates at thermodynamic limits. By coupling hydrogen (H₂) or carbon monoxide oxidation to CO₂ fixation, acetogens conserve energy while generating biomass and valuable products such as ethanol and acetate. These features position them as promising microbial cell factories for sustainable bioproduction via gas fermentation. Recent advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have expanded the production spectrum of acetogens, enabling production of platform chemicals at lab-to-commercial scale. Yet, CO₂-only bioconversion remains energetically challenging compared to syngas-based applications, requiring innovative solutions in strain development, bioprocess optimisation and integration of renewable energy sources. This review highlights the central role of model acetogens in anaerobic CO₂ conversion, covering their metabolic capabilities, strain development and emerging bioprocess strategies to unlock their potential for low-carbon biomanufacturing.

微生物在地球的碳循环中发挥着关键作用，通过排放、固定和转化二氧化碳来调节温室气体通量。其中，丙酮因其通过Wood-Ljungdahl途径固定二氧化碳的能力而脱颖而出，Wood-Ljungdahl途径是一种在热力学极限下运行的古老、高能效的乙酰辅酶a途径。通过将氢（H2）或一氧化碳氧化与二氧化碳固定相结合，在产生生物质和有价值的产品（如乙醇和醋酸盐）的同时，二氧化碳可以节约能源。这些特点使它们成为通过气体发酵进行可持续生物生产的有前途的微生物细胞工厂。代谢工程和合成生物学的最新进展扩大了氧气的生产范围，使平台化学品的生产能够从实验室到商业规模。然而，与基于合成气的应用相比，仅二氧化碳的生物转化在能量上仍然具有挑战性，需要在菌株开发、生物过程优化和可再生能源整合方面的创新解决方案。这篇综述强调了模式氧气在厌氧二氧化碳转化中的核心作用，涵盖了它们的代谢能力、菌株发展和新兴的生物工艺策略，以释放它们在低碳生物制造中的潜力。

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Recent progress in plant genome engineering: from large insertions to chromosome number changes 植物基因组工程的最新进展：从大插入到染色体数目的变化

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103426

Seda Yaşar, Fabienne Gehrke, Niklas Capdeville, Holger Puchta

The adaptation of the CRISPR/Cas system as a biotechnological tool has enabled a wide spectrum of targeted genome modifications. Whereas earlier approaches focused on small sequence changes, recent years have seen a shift toward larger-scale alterations. Advances in homology-directed gene targeting now enable efficient, scar-free kilobase insertions, while combining nuclease-deficient Cas effectors with recombinases or transposases allows the integration of much larger sequences. Prime editing further expands this scope, enabling inversions, replacements, and deletions spanning hundreds of kilobases to several megabases. More recently, genome engineering has reached a new stage with chromosome fission and fusion, demonstrating the feasibility of controlled karyotype restructuring. Together, these advances open new opportunities for crop improvement, from establishing reproductive barriers and mimicking evolutionary processes to trait stacking on Plant Artificial Chromosomes.

CRISPR/Cas系统作为一种生物技术工具的适应性使得广泛的靶向基因组修饰成为可能。虽然早期的方法侧重于小序列的变化，但近年来已经转向大规模的变化。同源性导向基因靶向技术的进步现在可以实现高效、无疤痕的千碱基插入，同时将核酸酶缺陷的Cas效应物与重组酶或转座酶结合起来，可以整合更大的序列。Prime编辑进一步扩展了这个范围，支持从数百个千碱基到几个兆碱基的反转、替换和删除。最近，基因组工程已经达到了一个新的阶段，染色体裂变和融合，证明了控制核型重组的可行性。总之，这些进展为作物改良开辟了新的机会，从建立生殖障碍和模仿进化过程到植物人工染色体上的性状堆叠。

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Advances in artificial biosynthesis of bioactive plant natural products 生物活性植物天然产物的人工合成研究进展。

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103425

Shubin Mou, Yang Hai

Plant natural products (PNPs) offer exceptional chemical diversity and therapeutic potential, but their low natural abundance and complex biosynthetic origins often hinder scalable access. Microbial heterologous reconstruction has enabled the production of select PNPs, yet major challenges remain, including incomplete pathway elucidation, limited enzyme performance, and poor metabolic compatibility. Emerging advances in artificial biosynthesis provide a complementary strategy to transcend the constraints of native plant metabolism. By leveraging enzyme promiscuity, precursor prefunctionalization, modular pathway design, and recruitment of repurposed or engineered catalysts, artificial biosynthesis enables streamlined, controllable, and evolvable routes to structurally complex PNP scaffolds. These innovations define a rapidly advancing paradigm in which PNPs can be biosynthesized through predictive, design-driven, and non-natural pathways, offering new opportunities for discovery and sustainable biomanufacturing.

植物天然产物（PNPs）具有独特的化学多样性和治疗潜力，但其天然丰度低和复杂的生物合成来源往往阻碍了可扩展的获取。微生物异种重建已经能够产生精选的PNPs，但主要的挑战仍然存在，包括不完整的途径阐明、有限的酶性能和较差的代谢相容性。人工生物合成的新进展为超越原生植物代谢的限制提供了补充策略。通过利用酶混杂性、前体预功能化、模块化途径设计以及重新利用或工程催化剂的招募，人工生物合成使流线型、可控和进化的途径成为结构复杂的PNP支架。这些创新定义了一种快速发展的范式，在这种范式中，pnp可以通过预测、设计驱动和非自然途径进行生物合成，为发现和可持续生物制造提供了新的机会。

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Advances in tailoring camelina and pennycress oilseeds for specialty metabolites 针对特殊代谢物定制亚麻荠和月桂菜籽的研究进展

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103422

Tingyuan Xiao, Timothy P Durrett

Oilseeds provide a renewable platform to produce lipids and other valuable biomolecules. While conventional crops accumulate a limited set of fatty acids, advances in synthetic biology now enable exogenous pathways to expand oil diversity. The oilseeds camelina (Camelina sativa) and pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) have emerged as powerful platforms for this work due to their efficient transformation methods. Recent breakthroughs have come from genome-editing rewiring of endogenous lipid metabolism to remove competing pathways, which, when combined with bioprospecting to identify more efficient enzymes, delivers the greatest gains in product yield. Overcoming challenges such as achieving cell-type–specific expression and developing scalable strategies for pathway gene expression control will ensure these crops realize their potential as versatile platforms for next-generation bioproducts.

油籽为生产脂质和其他有价值的生物分子提供了一个可再生的平台。虽然传统作物只能积累有限的脂肪酸，但合成生物学的进步使外源途径能够扩大油脂的多样性。油籽亚麻荠（camelina sativa）和pennycrese （Thlaspi arvense）由于其有效的转化方法而成为这项工作的有力平台。最近的突破来自基因组编辑，重新连接内源性脂质代谢，以消除竞争途径，当与生物勘探相结合以确定更有效的酶时，可提供最大的产品产量收益。克服诸如实现细胞类型特异性表达和开发可扩展的途径基因表达控制策略等挑战，将确保这些作物实现其作为下一代生物产品通用平台的潜力。

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Photoprotective-based strategies to enhance crop yield under fluctuating light conditions 基于光保护的策略在波动光照条件下提高作物产量

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103424

Claudia Beraldo, Alessandro Alboresi, Tomas Morosinotto

Photosynthesis is a fundamental biological process, and optimizing its efficiency is crucial for increasing crop yields without expanding cultivated land. Photosynthesis is finely regulated, and plants employ photoprotective mechanisms such as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and alternative electron pathways to dissipate excess energy and avoid potential damage.

In field conditions, light availability fluctuates rapidly due to environmental variability and canopy architecture, creating alternating periods of saturating illumination and shade, a context where photoprotection mechanisms are essential but also generate energy losses. Promising improvements in light-use efficiency have been obtained by optimizing NPQ response to field conditions, though impacts vary across species. These results highlight the need for strategies tailored to species and environment and for exploration of complementary approaches targeting other mechanisms.

光合作用是一个基本的生物过程，优化其效率对于在不扩大耕地的情况下提高作物产量至关重要。光合作用受到精细调控，植物采用非光化学猝灭（NPQ）和替代电子途径等光保护机制来耗散多余的能量，避免潜在的损害。在野外条件下，由于环境变化和树冠结构，光的可用性波动迅速，产生了饱和照明和阴影交替的时期，在这种情况下，光保护机制是必不可少的，但也会产生能量损失。通过优化NPQ对野外条件的响应，获得了光能利用效率的有希望的改进，尽管影响因物种而异。这些结果突出了针对物种和环境量身定制策略的必要性，以及探索针对其他机制的互补方法的必要性。

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Discovery and development of penicillin-binding protein-type thioesterases as biocatalysts 青霉素结合蛋白型硫酯酶作为生物催化剂的发现与开发。

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103417

Zachary L Budimir , Elizabeth I Parkinson

Cyclic peptides are promising drug candidates, but their synthesis, especially the synthesis of small, strained rings, remains challenging. Penicillin-binding protein-type thioesterases (PBP-TEs) have emerged as versatile biocatalysts that catalyze head-to-tail macrocyclization of nonribosomal peptides. Unlike canonical thioesterase domains, which catalyze diverse offloading outcomes, PBP-TEs exclusively promote head-to-tail cyclization, offering predictable reactivity. Their ability to act on diverse substrates in vitro further underscores their potential as tools for peptide drug discovery. This review highlights PBP-TE discovery and substrate scope investigation, along with recent advances in structural characterization and engineering, establishing these enzymes as a promising platform for the biocatalytic synthesis of cyclic peptides.

环肽是很有前途的候选药物，但它们的合成，特别是小的，张力环的合成，仍然具有挑战性。青霉素结合蛋白型硫酯酶（PBP-TEs）已成为催化非核糖体肽从头到尾大环化的多功能生物催化剂。与催化多种卸载结果的典型硫酯酶结构域不同，PBP-TEs只促进头尾环化，提供可预测的反应性。它们在体外作用于不同底物的能力进一步强调了它们作为肽药物发现工具的潜力。本文综述了PBP-TE的发现和底物范围的研究，以及结构表征和工程方面的最新进展，将这些酶作为生物催化合成环肽的一个有前途的平台。

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Genetically pliable green algae for bioproduction of modified fatty acids, nutritional therapeutic oils, and biopharmaceuticals 用于生物生产改性脂肪酸、营养治疗油和生物制药的遗传柔韧性绿藻。

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Current opinion in biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103421

Jeffrey L Moseley , Sabeeha S Merchant

Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential tool for complex metabolic engineering in yeast, but transgene integration into plant and green algal nuclear genomes predominantly occurs by non-homologous end-joining. Species of the closely related, oleaginous trebouxiophytes Auxenochlorella and Prototheca, are unusual among the green algae in that HR is the favored mechanism for DNA integration into the nuclear genome. This property enables locus-specific targeting of gene cassettes encoding multiple enzymes for manipulating existing biochemical pathways or introducing new functions. Genetic malleability, and regulatory approval for human consumption, coupled with robust fermentation performance at industrial scale, establishes Auxenochlorella and Prototheca as prime candidates for algal production of biochemicals and biomaterials. The examples presented here highlight strain improvement and engineering for synthesis of hydroxylated fatty acids for biomaterials, structured triglycerides resembling human milk fat for infant nutrition, very-long-chain mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids with nutraceutical or therapeutic potential, and cannabinoids for pharmacological applications.

同源重组是酵母复杂代谢工程的重要工具，但植物和绿藻核基因组的转基因整合主要是通过非同源末端连接进行的。亲缘关系密切的产油绿藻植物Auxenochlorella和Prototheca在绿藻中是不寻常的，因为HR是DNA整合到核基因组的有利机制。这一特性使得基因盒编码多种酶来操纵现有的生化途径或引入新的功能成为可能。遗传延展性和人类消费的监管批准，加上工业规模上强大的发酵性能，确立了Auxenochlorella和Prototheca作为生物化学和生物材料藻类生产的主要候选者。本文介绍的例子突出了用于生物材料的羟基化脂肪酸合成的菌株改进和工程，用于婴儿营养的类似人乳脂的结构甘油三酯，具有营养保健或治疗潜力的长链单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸，以及用于药理应用的大麻素。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Current opinion in biotechnology

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

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