Current sports medicine reports最新文献

Abstract: Mountain biking has increased in popularity in recent years. This review article provides an overview of the current literature on risk factors and mechanisms of injury in different disciplines of mountain biking. The head and upper extremity continue to be the most common injury sites. Mountain biking can cause serious injuries, including concussions and fractures. Although there are known risks associated with mountain biking, there is a paucity of studies on injury prevention strategies. Understanding risk factors and mechanisms of injuries is vital for improving rider safety and medical care.

Abstract: Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a form of osteoarthritis that arises secondary to trauma or an injury. The knee is most commonly affected, and risk for PTOA increases substantially following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Blood-based biomarkers have been analyzed following ACL injury to predict PTOA progression and severity. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the literature on blood biomarkers related to inflammation and cartilage turnover in association with the development of PTOA following an ACL injury. Of the eight identified studies, the majority, 75%, were cohort based (n = 6). The collective findings suggest potential value in blood biomarkers for evaluating the systemic changes after ACL injury. However, current evidence for the clinical utility of these markers to identify individuals after ACL injury who will develop PTOA is inconclusive. Further work is needed to advance these findings and clarify differences by sex, race, and ethnicity.

Abstract: Sleep is a critical component of quality of life, recovery, and performance both physically and cognitively. Tracking sleep with wearables is increasingly prevalent among individuals; the data that are retrieved from these wearables, however, is of unclear relevance. To update this space, literature was reviewed to examine the implications for good and bad sleepers, the current shortcomings of wearables, their current status usage and literature reports in sports medicine, and the future benefits that these devices may have for athletes and nonathletes alike. Wearables have good performance in detecting sleep but have greater difficulty in discerning between quiet wakefulness and early stages of sleep. The use of summative scores in consumer wearables is opaque, which should make sports medicine providers skeptical of their clinical utility. There is ample opportunity for wearables to be clinically useful and research opportunities to better explore the bidirectional relationship between daytime athletic performance and sleep.

Abstract: Developing a fitness routine in the postpartum period can be challenging for many reasons, including uncertainty with when and where to begin, lack of support, managing any medical or postoperative concerns, and being overwhelmed with responsibilities of a new baby. There is limited evidence and guidance for postpartum women and clinicians looking to support these women. Many existing resources are vague and often leave women unsure of how to proceed after being cleared to resume fitness activities following pregnancy. This article will provide an update on the most recent literature regarding return to physical activity for the postpartum athlete and a practical list of important considerations for this population.

Abstract: Rib bone stress injury (BSI) occurs most commonly in athletes performing repetitive upper body movements and results in significant time lost from training and competition. These injuries are seen in rowing, baseball, swimming, golf, weightlifting, and other throwing sports. Similar to BSI at other anatomical locations, a rib BSI often results from multiple factors including both thoracic/upper extremity biomechanics and metabolic factors affecting bone health. Although some rib BSIs are easier to detect, other injuries may present with vague rib or shoulder pain that can be misdiagnosed and result in delayed management. Our narrative review describes biomechanical and other health factors that contribute to a rib BSI. We describe an approach to evaluation including diagnostic imaging and management strategies to guide return to sport. This includes discussion of prevention/mitigation of underlying modifiable factors, including training load monitoring, addressing biomechanical factors, and correction of nutritional/hormonal deficiencies.

Abstract: It is evident that vibration therapy, massage, and compression garments are increasingly common recovery modalities among amateur and elite athletes. We performed a literature review via PubMed examining the effect of these modalities on measures of sports performance and recovery. We identified 29 eligible articles for vibration therapy, 31 eligible articles for compression garments, and 25 eligible articles for massage. Our review revealed varying degrees of support for each of the recovery modalities. However, our review also highlighted a need for standardized protocols in future studies to better understand how the modalities help athletes recover as to define optimal duration and frequency for maximal effects. Overall, all modalities reviewed seem safe to use and likely would not hinder sports performance or prolong recovery. It is a matter of how much benefit an athlete can gain when recovering from training.