Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3311
Chanyarat Paungfoo- Lonhienne, N. Watanarojanaporn, Ian Petersen, Ratchaniwan Jaemsaeng, Peeraya Klomsa- ard, K. Sriroth
Less than half of the applied chemical fertiliser in intensive cropping systems is utilised by the target crops, with the remaining nutrients contributing to environmental pollution. Reducing the pollution derived from inefficient use of chemical fertilisers has enormous importance for agriculture. Recently, studies have shown that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Paraburkholderia sp. SOS3 along with a combination of organic and chemical fertilisers, can offer a viable avenue to enhance sugarcane growth while reducing the concentration of chemical fertilisers. Here, we further investigated the effects of adding PGPR with combined organic and chemical fertilisers on sugarcane ratoon productivity (i.e. the second-year ratoon crop). The ratoon crop regenerated from sugarcane fertilised with the chemical-organic fertilisation in the first year, with or without PGPR (4 replicates), was grown in industry-standard practice in the second year. The results show that PGPR inoculation during the initial planting strongly promotes the growth of the ratoon sugarcane in the second year without reapplication of the PGPR. These findings show the high potential of using PGPR along with a combination of organic and chemical fertilisers for improving ratoon crop productivity in sugarcane.
{"title":"Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhance the ratoon productivity of sugarcane","authors":"Chanyarat Paungfoo- Lonhienne, N. Watanarojanaporn, Ian Petersen, Ratchaniwan Jaemsaeng, Peeraya Klomsa- ard, K. Sriroth","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3311","url":null,"abstract":"Less than half of the applied chemical fertiliser in intensive cropping systems is utilised by the target crops, with the remaining nutrients contributing to environmental pollution. Reducing the pollution derived from inefficient use of chemical fertilisers has enormous importance for agriculture. Recently, studies have shown that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Paraburkholderia sp. SOS3 along with a combination of organic and chemical fertilisers, can offer a viable avenue to enhance sugarcane growth while reducing the concentration of chemical fertilisers. Here, we further investigated the effects of adding PGPR with combined organic and chemical fertilisers on sugarcane ratoon productivity (i.e. the second-year ratoon crop). The ratoon crop regenerated from sugarcane fertilised with the chemical-organic fertilisation in the first year, with or without PGPR (4 replicates), was grown in industry-standard practice in the second year. The results show that PGPR inoculation during the initial planting strongly promotes the growth of the ratoon sugarcane in the second year without reapplication of the PGPR. These findings show the high potential of using PGPR along with a combination of organic and chemical fertilisers for improving ratoon crop productivity in sugarcane.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73461524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3158
R. Sennoi, R. Puttha
Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial crop, but it is grown as an annual crop for its inulin containing tubers. Various factors affect inulin content, in which storage duration is one of the significant causes. Therefore, the effect of different storage durations on inulin content of Jerusalem artichoke was investigated in this study. Four Jerusalem artichoke varieties were assigned as factor A, and six durations of storage at 5 oC were assigned as factor B. The 24 treatment combinations of a 4×6 factorial were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. After harvest, the tubers were cleaned and stored at 5 oC for five months. Inulin content was analyzed consecutively at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months after storage. Times of storage and varieties were significantly different (P<0.01) for inulin content. Stored tubers had inulin contents ranging from 35.9 to 43.7 % compared to 47.8 % of freshly-harvested tubers. The lowest inulin content was found after 2 months of storage. JA 89 had the highest inulin content (47.80%), whereas CN52867 had the lowest inulin content (35.85%). Regression analysis showed small and insignificant effect of storage time on inulin content, and the results are discussed. The results will be useful for consumers and industries for their concern on storage loss of inulin content after storage
{"title":"Inulin content of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers stored at 5 oC in a refrigerator for different durations","authors":"R. Sennoi, R. Puttha","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3158","url":null,"abstract":"Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial crop, but it is grown as an annual crop for its inulin containing tubers. Various factors affect inulin content, in which storage duration is one of the significant causes. Therefore, the effect of different storage durations on inulin content of Jerusalem artichoke was investigated in this study. Four Jerusalem artichoke varieties were assigned as factor A, and six durations of storage at 5 oC were assigned as factor B. The 24 treatment combinations of a 4×6 factorial were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. After harvest, the tubers were cleaned and stored at 5 oC for five months. Inulin content was analyzed consecutively at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months after storage. Times of storage and varieties were significantly different (P<0.01) for inulin content. Stored tubers had inulin contents ranging from 35.9 to 43.7 % compared to 47.8 % of freshly-harvested tubers. The lowest inulin content was found after 2 months of storage. JA 89 had the highest inulin content (47.80%), whereas CN52867 had the lowest inulin content (35.85%). Regression analysis showed small and insignificant effect of storage time on inulin content, and the results are discussed. The results will be useful for consumers and industries for their concern on storage loss of inulin content after storage","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88867342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3292
Leonardo de Jesus Machado Gois de Oliveira, A. A. Rodrigues, E. K. C. Silva, Anna Christina Sanazário de Oliveira, M. C. Barros, E. Fraga, I. D. O. Nascimento, Maria Rosângela Malheiros Silva
Identification of Fusarium isolates in a sample at the species level is an important and difficult task because many Fusarium species have similar morphological characteristics. The phylogenetic relations of species have been applied in Fusarium systematic and may solve taxonomic difficulties. The aim of the present study is to characterize pathogeny of Fusarium isolates through morphological analysis (concept of morphological species) associated with symptoms in hosts together with phylogeny analysis (concept of phylogenetic species) using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA for species identification. For the morphological characterization, Fusarium isolates were grown in PDA culture medium. Then, they were classified based on colony color and the microconidial, macroconidial and chlamydospore structures. The isolates were characterized molecularly by amplifying and sequencing the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA. The sequences generated were compared with those placed in the Genbank and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed. Out of 14 isolates characterized morphologically and molecularly, five isolates were grouped in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex in the Liseola section, seven presented characteristics of species from the Elegans section within the F. oxysporum species complex and two isolates presented characteristics of the section Gibbosum species complex in the F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex. Thus, seven isolates (section Elegans) belonged to the species F. oxysporum, two isolates (section Gibbosum) to the species F. equiseti. However, the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA did not provide sufficient evidence to define the species of G. fujikuroi species
{"title":"Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of Fusarium Link","authors":"Leonardo de Jesus Machado Gois de Oliveira, A. A. Rodrigues, E. K. C. Silva, Anna Christina Sanazário de Oliveira, M. C. Barros, E. Fraga, I. D. O. Nascimento, Maria Rosângela Malheiros Silva","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3292","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of Fusarium isolates in a sample at the species level is an important and difficult task because many Fusarium species have similar morphological characteristics. The phylogenetic relations of species have been applied in Fusarium systematic and may solve taxonomic difficulties. The aim of the present study is to characterize pathogeny of Fusarium isolates through morphological analysis (concept of morphological species) associated with symptoms in hosts together with phylogeny analysis (concept of phylogenetic species) using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA for species identification. For the morphological characterization, Fusarium isolates were grown in PDA culture medium. Then, they were classified based on colony color and the microconidial, macroconidial and chlamydospore structures. The isolates were characterized molecularly by amplifying and sequencing the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA. The sequences generated were compared with those placed in the Genbank and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed. Out of 14 isolates characterized morphologically and molecularly, five isolates were grouped in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex in the Liseola section, seven presented characteristics of species from the Elegans section within the F. oxysporum species complex and two isolates presented characteristics of the section Gibbosum species complex in the F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex. Thus, seven isolates (section Elegans) belonged to the species F. oxysporum, two isolates (section Gibbosum) to the species F. equiseti. However, the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA did not provide sufficient evidence to define the species of G. fujikuroi species","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75045610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3322
Willian Pelisser da Rosa, A. Caverzan, G. Chavarria
An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield is excessive plant growth. The use of growth regulators and population adjustment is imperative for the management of soybean. This study aimed to evaluate whether lactofen, used as a growth regulator, and a reduction in plant population affected the architecture of soybean and increased its production efficiency. The study was carried out under field conditions during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 seasons. The experimental design was in completely randomised blocks with five treatments and five replications: T1 (control), T2 (application of 140 g a.i. ha−1 of lactofen at phenological stage V3), T3 (application of 140 g a.i. ha−1 of lactofen at phenological stage V6), T4 (plant population 20% lower than recommended) and T5 (plant population 40% lower than recommended). The plant height, the number of nodes, the number of branches, stem diameter, and the internode distance were affected by lactofen application at stage V3. Lactofen use at stage V3 also increased the coverage percentage and the number of droplets per square centimetre of phytosanitary products. The interception of solar radiation was higher with lactofen application at stage V3 and that treatment provided the highest yield. Therefore, the use of lactofen as a growth regulator improves soybean grain yield. A reduction in plant population had the greatest effect on grain number and weight. Plant density should be maintained as recommended to avoid a decrease in grain yield
大豆甘氨酸max (L.)增加的重要限制因素稳定。粮食产量是由于植物的过度生长。使用生长调节剂和种群调节对大豆的管理是必要的。本研究旨在评价乳醚作为生长调节剂和减少植物种群是否会影响大豆的结构并提高其生产效率。该研究是在2017-2018和2018-2019季节的野外条件下进行的。试验设计为完全随机区组，设5个处理和5个重复:T1(对照)、T2(物候期V3施用140 g a.i. ha−1乳醚)、T3(物候期V6施用140 g a.i. ha−1乳醚)、T4(植物种群比推荐值低20%)和T5(植物种群比推荐值低40%)。乳脂在V3期对株高、节数、分枝数、茎粗和节间距离均有影响。在V3阶段使用乳芬也增加了植物检疫产品的覆盖率和每平方厘米滴数。V3期施用乳芬对太阳辐射的截留量较高，产量最高。因此，使用乳芬作为生长调节剂可以提高大豆籽粒产量。减少植物种群对籽粒数和重量的影响最大。植株密度应按建议保持，以避免籽粒产量下降
{"title":"Modification of soybean plant architecture through growth regulators and population variation","authors":"Willian Pelisser da Rosa, A. Caverzan, G. Chavarria","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3322","url":null,"abstract":"An important limitation to increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield is excessive plant growth. The use of growth regulators and population adjustment is imperative for the management of soybean. This study aimed to evaluate whether lactofen, used as a growth regulator, and a reduction in plant population affected the architecture of soybean and increased its production efficiency. The study was carried out under field conditions during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 seasons. The experimental design was in completely randomised blocks with five treatments and five replications: T1 (control), T2 (application of 140 g a.i. ha−1 of lactofen at phenological stage V3), T3 (application of 140 g a.i. ha−1 of lactofen at phenological stage V6), T4 (plant population 20% lower than recommended) and T5 (plant population 40% lower than recommended). The plant height, the number of nodes, the number of branches, stem diameter, and the internode distance were affected by lactofen application at stage V3. Lactofen use at stage V3 also increased the coverage percentage and the number of droplets per square centimetre of phytosanitary products. The interception of solar radiation was higher with lactofen application at stage V3 and that treatment provided the highest yield. Therefore, the use of lactofen as a growth regulator improves soybean grain yield. A reduction in plant population had the greatest effect on grain number and weight. Plant density should be maintained as recommended to avoid a decrease in grain yield","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75190890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p2859
Antônio Jorge Viegas Taula, V. C. A. Júnior, F. V. Resende, O. G. Brito, J. C. O. Silva, Alysson Gomes Perreira
The evaluation of garlic accessions is important in the search for superior, adapted and flowering cultivars for botanical seed production. The objective of this work was to assess the agronomic performance, flowering capacity and genetic divergence of 13 experimental garlic accessions bred in Brazil. The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized block design with four replications at Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil from May to October 2018. A total of 11 accessions were experimental and two were control varieties, Quitéria and Caçador. The control varieties are commercially produced in Brazil and the 11 experimental accessions are elite. The emergence, emergence speed index, plant height, percentage of overcrowding, average weight of commercial bulb, number of bulbs per bulb, total yield, commercial yield, flowering percentage, length and diameter, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and ratio soluble solids and titratable acidity of the exhaust floral were measured. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (p≤0.05), and when significant the effects of genotypes, their means grouped by the Scott-Knott test. We also proceeded to study genetic divergence through multivariate analysis, adopting the canonical variables technique. Variance analysis indicated significant differences between genotypes for emergence speed index, flowering percentage, floral scape diameter, floral scape length and commercial yield. The highest commercial yield and flowering percentage were observed in RAL (8.82 t ha-1) and DDR 6024 (80.92%) access, respectively, which differed only from commercial cultivars (Quitéria and Caçador). The greatest genetic divergence was verified between experimental accessions and commercial cultivars. The experimental accessions presented flowering potential and botanical seed production in the studied region
大蒜种质资源的评价对于寻找适合植物种子生产的优质、适应性和开花品种具有重要意义。本研究的目的是评价在巴西培育的13个大蒜试验品种的农艺性能、开花能力和遗传分化。实验于2018年5月至10月在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州的拉夫拉斯进行，采用完全随机分组设计，共有4个重复。11份为试验品种，2份为对照品种，分别为quit和卡帕拉多尔。控制品种在巴西进行商业化生产，11个试验品种是优质品种。测定了排气花的出苗、出苗速度指数、株高、过份百分率、商品鳞茎平均重、每鳞茎鳞茎数、总产量、商品产量、开花百分率、长径、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度、pH、可溶固形物与可滴定酸度之比。所得数据进行方差分析(p≤0.05)，当基因型影响显著时，采用Scott-Knott检验对其均值进行分组。我们还采用典型变量技术，通过多变量分析来研究遗传分化。方差分析表明，不同基因型在出苗速度指数、开花百分率、花容直径、花容长度和商品产量上存在显著差异。RAL (8.82 t hm -1)和DDR 6024(80.92%)的商业产量和开花率最高，仅与商品品种(quit亚和卡帕拉多尔)不同。试验品种与商品品种之间的遗传差异最大。实验材料显示了研究区域的开花潜力和植物种子产量
{"title":"Agronomic performance, flowering, physicochemical characteristics and genetic divergence in garlic accessions from Brazil","authors":"Antônio Jorge Viegas Taula, V. C. A. Júnior, F. V. Resende, O. G. Brito, J. C. O. Silva, Alysson Gomes Perreira","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p2859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p2859","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of garlic accessions is important in the search for superior, adapted and flowering cultivars for botanical seed production. The objective of this work was to assess the agronomic performance, flowering capacity and genetic divergence of 13 experimental garlic accessions bred in Brazil. The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized block design with four replications at Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil from May to October 2018. A total of 11 accessions were experimental and two were control varieties, Quitéria and Caçador. The control varieties are commercially produced in Brazil and the 11 experimental accessions are elite. The emergence, emergence speed index, plant height, percentage of overcrowding, average weight of commercial bulb, number of bulbs per bulb, total yield, commercial yield, flowering percentage, length and diameter, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and ratio soluble solids and titratable acidity of the exhaust floral were measured. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (p≤0.05), and when significant the effects of genotypes, their means grouped by the Scott-Knott test. We also proceeded to study genetic divergence through multivariate analysis, adopting the canonical variables technique. Variance analysis indicated significant differences between genotypes for emergence speed index, flowering percentage, floral scape diameter, floral scape length and commercial yield. The highest commercial yield and flowering percentage were observed in RAL (8.82 t ha-1) and DDR 6024 (80.92%) access, respectively, which differed only from commercial cultivars (Quitéria and Caçador). The greatest genetic divergence was verified between experimental accessions and commercial cultivars. The experimental accessions presented flowering potential and botanical seed production in the studied region","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79308748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3425
Givago Lopes Alves, R. Santos, A. A. Rodrigues, M. Corrêa, M. Mesquita, Maria Rosângela Malheiros Silva
This study evaluated the effects of mulching on upland rice cultivars Comecru and Cambará and the weed community under four amounts of babassou (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.) straw mulching namely: 0, 15, 20, 25 t ha-1 with a view to control weeds. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The rice plant height, percentage of fertile panicles, number of spikelets per panicle, weight of 100 grains and grain yield were assessed. We also assessed the weed community by computing the following phytosociological parameters: density, frequency and the importance value index (IVI) of each species. Babassou straw mulching reduced weed density and dry mass between rows of upland rice cultivars and increased the rice yield. The weed species with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) in the treatments with no mulching were Cyperus iria, Fimbristylis dichotoma and Digitaria ciliaris. Rice grain yield was increased with the increase in the amount of straw. Comecru cv. had the highest suppressive effect on weeds with significantly higher grain yield (1,214.85 kg-1) than Cambará cv. (878.72 kg ha-1). We conclude that the higher amounts (20 and 25 t ha-1) of babassou straw mulching suppressed weeds, providing less competition with the rice cultivars, which resulted in an increase in the number of rice panicles, weight of 100 grains, spikelet fertility and grain yield in both rice cultivars
本研究评价了四种不同处理量的水稻覆盖对旱稻品种Comecru和cambar及杂草群落的影响。(春季前)秸秆覆盖，即:0、15、20、25吨公顷，目的是控制杂草。试验采用2 × 4因子随机完全区组设计，共4个重复。对水稻株高、可育穗率、每穗颖花数、百粒重和产量进行了评价。通过计算各物种的密度、频率和重要值指数(IVI)，对杂草群落进行了评价。巴巴苏秸秆覆盖降低了旱稻品种行间杂草密度和干质量，提高了水稻产量。在不覆盖处理中，重要值指数(IVI)最高的杂草品种是鸢尾草、金缕草和毛线Digitaria ciliaris。水稻产量随秸秆用量的增加而增加。Comecru简历。籽粒产量(1214.85 kg-1)显著高于cambar cv，对杂草的抑制效果最好。(878.72 kg ha-1)。结果表明，高施量(20和25 t hm -1)的巴巴苏秸秆覆盖抑制了杂草的生长，减少了与水稻品种之间的竞争，从而提高了两种水稻的穗数、百粒重、小穗肥力和产量
{"title":"Effects of mulching on the weed community and grain yield of upland rice cultivars","authors":"Givago Lopes Alves, R. Santos, A. A. Rodrigues, M. Corrêa, M. Mesquita, Maria Rosângela Malheiros Silva","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3425","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effects of mulching on upland rice cultivars Comecru and Cambará and the weed community under four amounts of babassou (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.) straw mulching namely: 0, 15, 20, 25 t ha-1 with a view to control weeds. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The rice plant height, percentage of fertile panicles, number of spikelets per panicle, weight of 100 grains and grain yield were assessed. We also assessed the weed community by computing the following phytosociological parameters: density, frequency and the importance value index (IVI) of each species. Babassou straw mulching reduced weed density and dry mass between rows of upland rice cultivars and increased the rice yield. The weed species with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) in the treatments with no mulching were Cyperus iria, Fimbristylis dichotoma and Digitaria ciliaris. Rice grain yield was increased with the increase in the amount of straw. Comecru cv. had the highest suppressive effect on weeds with significantly higher grain yield (1,214.85 kg-1) than Cambará cv. (878.72 kg ha-1). We conclude that the higher amounts (20 and 25 t ha-1) of babassou straw mulching suppressed weeds, providing less competition with the rice cultivars, which resulted in an increase in the number of rice panicles, weight of 100 grains, spikelet fertility and grain yield in both rice cultivars","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80154689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3315
Y. S. Prasojo, G. Ishigaki, M. Hashiguchi, M. Muguerza, R. Akashi
Soybean (Glycine max) has the potential as forage feed because of its high protein content and low fiber. Intercropping soybean with tropical forage grasses can improve forage quality and increase yield. However, their optimum cutting interval under mixed cropping system is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate regrowth ability and performance of soybean plant under two different cutting heights in Miyazaki, Southwestern of Japan, which has a humid subtropical climate with relatively high temperature and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The experimental design was randomized block design arrange in 3 2 factorial scheme (soybean cultivars cutting treatments). Three soybean accessions (Glycine max ‘Fukuyutaka’, G. max ‘Kohamdaizu’ and G. gracilis ‘Moshidou Gong 503’) with 5 replications were cultivated under single seeding condition. Soybeans were defoliated after 50 d of cultivation under low level cutting height (LC, 7.5 cm) and high level cutting height (HC, 12 cm). ‘Fukuyutaka’ achieved 100% regrowth rate in both LC and HC. Although the regrowth rate for ‘Kohamadaizu’ was 100% in the HC, it was only 20% in LC. ‘Fukuyutaka’ was more robust and high tolerant for defoliation stress than that of ‘Kohamadaizu`. In other hand, no plants exhibited regrowth in both cutting heights for ‘Moshidou Gong 503’. For ‘Fukuyutaka’ and ‘Kohamadaizu’, the number of branching nodes with re-emergent leaves was significantly higher in the HC. In both cutting height of ‘Fukuyutaka’, plant continued elongating and exhibited vigorous growth until 2nd cutting. The cutting height levels, height of cotyledonary node and growth stage of soybean plant when harvested at the 1st cutting significantly affected the regrowth ability of soybeans. In conclusion, ‘Fukuyutaka’ showed the ability for regrowth under LC and HC. HC provided significantly higher fresh matter and dry matter weight than that LC. Further study is needed to evaluate the performance of ‘Fukuyutaka’ under intercropping cultivation with tropical forage grasses. This is the first report to establish an approach for two-cutting soybean as forage
{"title":"Evaluation of regrowth ability of soybeans for forage utilization under two-cutting systems","authors":"Y. S. Prasojo, G. Ishigaki, M. Hashiguchi, M. Muguerza, R. Akashi","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3315","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean (Glycine max) has the potential as forage feed because of its high protein content and low fiber. Intercropping soybean with tropical forage grasses can improve forage quality and increase yield. However, their optimum cutting interval under mixed cropping system is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate regrowth ability and performance of soybean plant under two different cutting heights in Miyazaki, Southwestern of Japan, which has a humid subtropical climate with relatively high temperature and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The experimental design was randomized block design arrange in 3 2 factorial scheme (soybean cultivars cutting treatments). Three soybean accessions (Glycine max ‘Fukuyutaka’, G. max ‘Kohamdaizu’ and G. gracilis ‘Moshidou Gong 503’) with 5 replications were cultivated under single seeding condition. Soybeans were defoliated after 50 d of cultivation under low level cutting height (LC, 7.5 cm) and high level cutting height (HC, 12 cm). ‘Fukuyutaka’ achieved 100% regrowth rate in both LC and HC. Although the regrowth rate for ‘Kohamadaizu’ was 100% in the HC, it was only 20% in LC. ‘Fukuyutaka’ was more robust and high tolerant for defoliation stress than that of ‘Kohamadaizu`. In other hand, no plants exhibited regrowth in both cutting heights for ‘Moshidou Gong 503’. For ‘Fukuyutaka’ and ‘Kohamadaizu’, the number of branching nodes with re-emergent leaves was significantly higher in the HC. In both cutting height of ‘Fukuyutaka’, plant continued elongating and exhibited vigorous growth until 2nd cutting. The cutting height levels, height of cotyledonary node and growth stage of soybean plant when harvested at the 1st cutting significantly affected the regrowth ability of soybeans. In conclusion, ‘Fukuyutaka’ showed the ability for regrowth under LC and HC. HC provided significantly higher fresh matter and dry matter weight than that LC. Further study is needed to evaluate the performance of ‘Fukuyutaka’ under intercropping cultivation with tropical forage grasses. This is the first report to establish an approach for two-cutting soybean as forage","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72705109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3303
M. A. Mofokeng
The success of breeding programme relies on the variability present in the breeding material. Selection is also effective when there is significant amount of genetic variability among the individuals in a population. The study aimed at assessing genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance among yield and yield components of soybean genotypes. Eighty-two genotypes maintained at the Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops were planted in an alpha lattice design, replicated twice in Potchefstroom and Brits in South Africa in 2017/18 growing season. Five plants per genotype were selected and yield and yield related traits were measured. Data were analysed through analysis of variance and genetic parameters were estimated. The results showed highly significant differences among the genotypes based on days to flowering, branch number per plant, hundred seed weight, pod weight per plant, pod length, seed number per plant, seed number per pod and grain yield. Heritability of yield and yield components were ranged from 5.9% to 100%. The most heritable traits were hundred seed weight (100 %), days to flowering (64.13 %) and seed number per pod (67.37%). The genotypic variance ranged from 0.3% to 33% while the phenotypic variation ranged from 1.5% to 44%. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations was high for grain yield, medium for days to flowering and lowest for hundred seed weight. The phenotypic coefficient of variations (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters indicating the influence of environmental factors. The expected genetic advance was high for most of the traits, medium for seed number per pod and hundred seed weight and low for pod number per plant. The expected genetic advance as percent of mean was variable and high for all traits. There was vast variation observed among the soybean genotypes evaluated based on the yield and yield related traits
{"title":"Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of soybean (Glycine max)\u0000genotypes based on yield and yield-related traits","authors":"M. A. Mofokeng","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3303","url":null,"abstract":"The success of breeding programme relies on the variability present in the breeding material. Selection is also effective when there is significant amount of genetic variability among the individuals in a population. The study aimed at assessing genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance among yield and yield components of soybean genotypes. Eighty-two genotypes maintained at the Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops were planted in an alpha lattice design, replicated twice in Potchefstroom and Brits in South Africa in 2017/18 growing season. Five plants per genotype were selected and yield and yield related traits were measured. Data were analysed through analysis of variance and genetic parameters were estimated. The results showed highly significant differences among the genotypes based on days to flowering, branch number per plant, hundred seed weight, pod weight per plant, pod length, seed number per plant, seed number per pod and grain yield. Heritability of yield and yield components were ranged from 5.9% to 100%. The most heritable traits were hundred seed weight (100 %), days to flowering (64.13 %) and seed number per pod (67.37%). The genotypic variance ranged from 0.3% to 33% while the phenotypic variation ranged from 1.5% to 44%. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations was high for grain yield, medium for days to flowering and lowest for hundred seed weight. The phenotypic coefficient of variations (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters indicating the influence of environmental factors. The expected genetic advance was high for most of the traits, medium for seed number per pod and hundred seed weight and low for pod number per plant. The expected genetic advance as percent of mean was variable and high for all traits. There was vast variation observed among the soybean genotypes evaluated based on the yield and yield related traits","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82203916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3157
J. M. Clemente, T. Coser, H. Sales, Pedro Ruben Viera Fariña, L. A. Aquino
The present study aimed to compare sources and doses of N on productivity, nutritional status and commercial quality of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop. The treatments consisted of the following N doses: 60, 90 and 110 kg N/ha. The sources were YaraLiva Nitrabor (390, 585 and 715 kg ha-1) and Urea (130, 195 and 240 kg ha-1). Both sources and doses were applied before or after 15 mm irrigation. In case of fertilizers application after 15 mm irrigation, 1 mm of water was applied after application only to lightly soak granules, which was called “drizzle”, simulating a low-intensity rain after fertilizer application. The experiment was designed as randomized block with four replications in a factorial scheme (2x3x2) + 1, during 113 days with sowing on 06/25/2018 and harvest on 10/18/2018. BRS Estilo was the cultivar used in this study. Application of calcium nitrate in moist soil followed by drizzle provide gains around 5.48 kg of bean per kg of topdressing N, while urea provides gains of 2.22 kg of bean per kg of topdressing N
本研究旨在比较氮素来源和剂量对豆科作物生产力、营养状况和商品品质的影响。施氮量分别为60、90和110 kg N/ha。来源为硝酸YaraLiva Nitrabor(390、585和715 kg ha-1)和尿素(130、195和240 kg ha-1)。源和剂量均在15mm灌溉之前或之后施用。在灌溉15mm后施肥时，施肥后只对微泡颗粒施1mm水，称为“毛毛雨”，模拟施肥后的低强度降雨。试验设计为随机区组，4个重复，按因子(2x3x2) + 1设计，试验时间为113 d, 2018年6月25日播种，2018年10月18日收获。本研究选用的品种为BRS Estilo。在湿润土壤中施用硝酸钙，然后下毛雨，每施用1公斤追肥氮可获得5.48公斤大豆的产量，而每施用1公斤追肥氮可获得2.22公斤大豆的产量
{"title":"Topdressing N fertilization on productivity and nutritional status of common bean crop","authors":"J. M. Clemente, T. Coser, H. Sales, Pedro Ruben Viera Fariña, L. A. Aquino","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3157","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to compare sources and doses of N on productivity, nutritional status and commercial quality of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop. The treatments consisted of the following N doses: 60, 90 and 110 kg N/ha. The sources were YaraLiva Nitrabor (390, 585 and 715 kg ha-1) and Urea (130, 195 and 240 kg ha-1). Both sources and doses were applied before or after 15 mm irrigation. In case of fertilizers application after 15 mm irrigation, 1 mm of water was applied after application only to lightly soak granules, which was called “drizzle”, simulating a low-intensity rain after fertilizer application. The experiment was designed as randomized block with four replications in a factorial scheme (2x3x2) + 1, during 113 days with sowing on 06/25/2018 and harvest on 10/18/2018. BRS Estilo was the cultivar used in this study. Application of calcium nitrate in moist soil followed by drizzle provide gains around 5.48 kg of bean per kg of topdressing N, while urea provides gains of 2.22 kg of bean per kg of topdressing N","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86050303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3429
N. Minh, T. Nguyen
The quinoa accession varieties have been cultivated in Vietnam in recent decades. The initial results indicate that these varieties have well adapted to Vietnam’s climate, even better than some of their mother areas. However, further evaluation of the impact of the seasonal region on quinoa growth and development is necessary for a tropical country like Vietnam. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the yield and quality of quinoa accession varieties planted on Ferralsolsl in the Dak Lak province of Vietnam in three distinct seasons. Ten quinoa accession varieties include Leucan Boldo, Riobamba, 27 - 6R, EDK – 4, 59 – ALC, ISLUGA, Atlas, Cahuil, Moradas and Haiwan were examined. Field experiments were conducted based on the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in triplicated repeat. Various plant agronomical traits including plant height, branch number, the total number of the main bunch, length of the bunch, number of grains per bunch, grains weight, as well as the contents of protein, and starch were investigated. Finally, the biological and practical productivity of ten quinoa accessions was determined. In general, the obtained results showed that the quinoa varieties are grown from January to April 2020 (Season 1) had higher quality and yield than those grown in other seasons. Collectively, the variety Atlas showed the highest-quality indexes including agronomical traits such as approximately 37 branches per plant or its bunch length was around 27 cm, and its practical productivity was 22.2 quintals per hectare follow by the Moradas, Cahui, and Haiwan varieties. Taken together, our data indicated that the correlation of the seasonal factor in Dak Lak province of Vietnam is different for each quinoa variety
{"title":"Assessment of yield and quality of quinoa accessions grown in Ferralsols following seasonal difference","authors":"N. Minh, T. Nguyen","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3429","url":null,"abstract":"The quinoa accession varieties have been cultivated in Vietnam in recent decades. The initial results indicate that these varieties have well adapted to Vietnam’s climate, even better than some of their mother areas. However, further evaluation of the impact of the seasonal region on quinoa growth and development is necessary for a tropical country like Vietnam. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the yield and quality of quinoa accession varieties planted on Ferralsolsl in the Dak Lak province of Vietnam in three distinct seasons. Ten quinoa accession varieties include Leucan Boldo, Riobamba, 27 - 6R, EDK – 4, 59 – ALC, ISLUGA, Atlas, Cahuil, Moradas and Haiwan were examined. Field experiments were conducted based on the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in triplicated repeat. Various plant agronomical traits including plant height, branch number, the total number of the main bunch, length of the bunch, number of grains per bunch, grains weight, as well as the contents of protein, and starch were investigated. Finally, the biological and practical productivity of ten quinoa accessions was determined. In general, the obtained results showed that the quinoa varieties are grown from January to April 2020 (Season 1) had higher quality and yield than those grown in other seasons. Collectively, the variety Atlas showed the highest-quality indexes including agronomical traits such as approximately 37 branches per plant or its bunch length was around 27 cm, and its practical productivity was 22.2 quintals per hectare follow by the Moradas, Cahui, and Haiwan varieties. Taken together, our data indicated that the correlation of the seasonal factor in Dak Lak province of Vietnam is different for each quinoa variety","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73884503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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