This study examine twenty-nine parametric mortality models and assess their suitability for graduating mortality rates of urban and rural areas in Pakistan. Grouped age specific mortality rates of rural and urban populations for the year 2019 are used. The data is collected from the website of National Institute of Population Studies which conduct Maternal Mortality Survey in Pakistan on regular basis. The parametric mortality models were applied to rural and urban mortality data. We used R software to estimate the model’s parameters and assess their suitability for urban and rural populations. The suitability of these models was assessed by using 3 different loss functions. Our analyses found that the fourth type of Heligman-Polard’s model with loss function 3 provides reliable results for graduating the mortality of rural population while second type of Carriere model with loss function 3 produce best results for graduating the urban mortality of Pakistan. Based on two models, mortality rates of urban and rural population have been graduated over age range 0-85. We suggest the use the graduated mortality rates of urban and rural areas for pricing life insurance products in rural and urban areas respectively. In addition, graduated mortality rates are also suggested for use in calculation of life insurance liabilities.
{"title":"A COMPARISON OF PARAMETRIC MORTALITY MODELS TO GRADUATE URBAN AND RURAL MORTALITY","authors":"Mushtaq Ahmad Khan Barakzai, Aqil Burney","doi":"10.51380/gujr-37-04-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-37-04-10","url":null,"abstract":"This study examine twenty-nine parametric mortality models and assess their\u0000suitability for graduating mortality rates of urban and rural areas in Pakistan.\u0000Grouped age specific mortality rates of rural and urban populations for the\u0000year 2019 are used. The data is collected from the website of National\u0000Institute of Population Studies which conduct Maternal Mortality Survey in\u0000Pakistan on regular basis. The parametric mortality models were applied to\u0000rural and urban mortality data. We used R software to estimate the model’s\u0000parameters and assess their suitability for urban and rural populations. The\u0000suitability of these models was assessed by using 3 different loss functions.\u0000Our analyses found that the fourth type of Heligman-Polard’s model with\u0000loss function 3 provides reliable results for graduating the mortality of rural\u0000population while second type of Carriere model with loss function 3 produce\u0000best results for graduating the urban mortality of Pakistan. Based on two\u0000models, mortality rates of urban and rural population have been graduated\u0000over age range 0-85. We suggest the use the graduated mortality rates of\u0000urban and rural areas for pricing life insurance products in rural and urban\u0000areas respectively. In addition, graduated mortality rates are also suggested\u0000for use in calculation of life insurance liabilities.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79176297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainability is the main problem of organizations. Due to environmental uncertainty and human negligence lot of issues related with environment are increasing day by day. That is why implementing green policies and initiating green activities are crucial for organizations to attain competitive advantage and sustainability. The purpose of the existing study was to determine direct link between GHRM and sustainable development. For this drive, survey from 416 respondents was conducted. Those organizations that have awareness of environmental issues and have implemented and initiated green objectives were chosen for this study. The non-probability convenience sampling was used for selecting sample size. SPSS 25 was used. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability test were conducted the findings show the scales adopted are found valid and reliable. Further regression was run to test hypotheses; it shows that all predictor have impact upon criterion variables. Only green training has insignificant effect on environment sustainability while green RSL, GT and green rewards also does not have impact on social performance.
{"title":"AN INVESTIGATION ON ROLE OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS","authors":"Fahad Albejaidi","doi":"10.51380/37-04-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/37-04-03","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability is the main problem of organizations. Due to environmental uncertainty and human negligence lot of issues related with environment are increasing day by day. That is why implementing green policies and initiating green activities are crucial for organizations to attain competitive advantage and sustainability. The purpose of the existing study was to determine direct link between GHRM and sustainable development. For this drive, survey from 416 respondents was conducted. Those organizations that have awareness of environmental issues and have implemented and initiated green objectives were chosen for this study. The non-probability convenience sampling was used for selecting sample size. SPSS 25 was used. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability test were conducted the findings show the scales adopted are found valid and reliable. Further regression was run to test hypotheses; it shows that all predictor have impact upon criterion variables. Only green training has insignificant effect on environment sustainability while green RSL, GT and green rewards also does not have impact on social performance.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75014631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ongoing COVID-19-pandemic has particularly affected the education sector. Globally all educational intuitions have been shifted towards the online education system. Online system was perceived challenging due to different barriers and issues. For this reason, different research studies were conducted on online education system. However, it is not known whether any improvements have occurred in the online education system? Keeping this in mind, this study has examined improvements in online education system by looking at role of media. For this purpose, a longitudinal design was selected, and data were collected through the online-self-administeredquestionnaire from 707 students studying in a public sector university of Pakistan. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that with passage of time improvements had occurred in online educational system of COVID-19. This study recommends that Government should continuously work on further improving online education system towards sustainability.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENTS IN ONLINE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND ROLE OF MEDIA: A FOLLOW UP STUDY","authors":"Anwar Khan, Muhammad Anwar, S. Jan","doi":"10.51380/gujr-37-04-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-37-04-08","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing COVID-19-pandemic has particularly affected the education sector. Globally all educational intuitions have been shifted towards the online education system. Online system was perceived challenging due to different barriers and issues. For this reason, different research studies were conducted on online education system. However, it is not known whether any improvements have occurred in the online education system? Keeping this in mind, this study has examined improvements in online education system by looking at role of media. For this purpose, a longitudinal design was selected, and data were collected through the online-self-administeredquestionnaire from 707 students studying in a public sector university of Pakistan. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that with passage of time improvements had occurred in online educational system of COVID-19. This study recommends that Government should continuously work on further improving online education system towards sustainability.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74061040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study attempted to analyze the role of right to information in ensuring good governance in Pakistan. The study objectives were to investigate the experiences of public information officers and civil society actors regarding the right to information contribution to good governance and to analyze the challenges in the implementation of right to information law. For the selection of sampling size, purposive sampling was used and data were collected from 11 ministries public information officers and 3 civil society actors through in depth interviews in Islamabad, Pakistan. Being qualitative study, data were analyzed by using thematic analyses. Jurgen Habermas theory of ‘Public Sphere” was used to throw light on main theme of the study. The findings indicated that right to information is an effective tool in promoting good governance along with all its features like, accountability, transparency, mutual trust between the government and general public, common man facilitation, rule of law and corruption elimination. Study concluded that right to information would be an effective tool in promoting the good governance only when hurdles that prevent it from its true implementation were removed.
{"title":"EXPLORING RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN PAKISTAN: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Muhammad Kamran, I. Ullah, M. Kaleem","doi":"10.51380/gujr-37-04-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-37-04-09","url":null,"abstract":"The study attempted to analyze the role of right to information in ensuring\u0000good governance in Pakistan. The study objectives were to investigate the\u0000experiences of public information officers and civil society actors regarding\u0000the right to information contribution to good governance and to analyze\u0000the challenges in the implementation of right to information law. For the\u0000selection of sampling size, purposive sampling was used and data were\u0000collected from 11 ministries public information officers and 3 civil society actors\u0000through in depth interviews in Islamabad, Pakistan. Being qualitative study,\u0000data were analyzed by using thematic analyses. Jurgen Habermas theory\u0000of ‘Public Sphere” was used to throw light on main theme of the study. The\u0000findings indicated that right to information is an effective tool in promoting\u0000good governance along with all its features like, accountability, transparency,\u0000mutual trust between the government and general public, common man\u0000facilitation, rule of law and corruption elimination. Study concluded that\u0000right to information would be an effective tool in promoting the good\u0000governance only when hurdles that prevent it from its true implementation\u0000were removed.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88008419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.53664/02-02-2021-02-120-128
Neelam Sarfraz, Tayyaba Syed, Usman Khan
The current study was intended to analyze the perceptions of the marketing professional toward digital marketing and digital marketing tools specifically in Saudi Arabia. Approach of this study was quantitative in nature, in which the primary sources were the marketing professionals and secondary sources were relevant journals and articles. Wilska’s (2003) instrument was used to measure perceptions of professional whereas, data was collected with the help of convenience sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for this study. Results revealed a significant positive response in terms of agreement about perceptions of marketing professionals to effectiveness of digital marketing in Saudi Arabia. It is revealed that professionals in Saudi Arabia are satisfied with use and effectiveness of different digital marketing tools i.e., SEO Tools, Website Content, SMS Marketing, YouTube Marketing, Social Media Apps like Facebook, Twitter, and blogs. Results explored that on relying digital marketing tools, marketing professionals perceived their business at low cost and it can benefit in different ways. The limitations and suggestions of studies have been addressed.
{"title":"A STUDY ON PERCEPTIONS OF MARKETING PROFESSIONALS TOWARDS THE\u0000DIGITAL MARKETING IN SAUDI ARABIA","authors":"Neelam Sarfraz, Tayyaba Syed, Usman Khan","doi":"10.53664/02-02-2021-02-120-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53664/02-02-2021-02-120-128","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was intended to analyze the perceptions of the marketing professional toward digital marketing and digital marketing tools specifically in Saudi Arabia. Approach of this study was quantitative in nature, in which the primary sources were the marketing professionals and secondary sources were relevant journals and articles. Wilska’s (2003) instrument was used to measure perceptions of professional whereas, data was collected with the help of convenience sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for this study. Results revealed a significant positive response in terms of agreement about perceptions of marketing professionals to effectiveness of digital marketing in Saudi Arabia. It is revealed that professionals in Saudi Arabia are satisfied with use and effectiveness of different digital marketing tools i.e., SEO Tools, Website Content, SMS Marketing, YouTube Marketing, Social Media Apps like Facebook, Twitter, and blogs. Results explored that on relying digital marketing tools, marketing professionals perceived their business at low cost and it can benefit in different ways. The limitations and suggestions of studies have been addressed.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80132839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-10-201-213
Muhammad Annam Aziz, Dil Nawaz
TQM plays an important role in hospitals. TQM is a well-known concept; it is a management philosophy of continuously improving the quality of products and processes. Total quality management is based on 3-principles continuous quality improvement, customer services, team work. Hospitals are by nature complex organizations and complexities are multifaceted in-service hospitals with a sense of lack of services. Quality has emerged as a major issue in the healthcare sector and total quality management has been recognized as the major long-term strategic plan to further improve the quality of health care. The primary data was analyzed for ANOVA, the research results showed the significant relationship. The implementation of TQM in service providers will require the quality management awareness, training and framework progress and customer awareness. The results provide significant information results in reaching conclusion and offering recommendations to management and concerned stakeholders.
{"title":"TOTAL QUALITY M ANAGEMENT A PPROACH IN SOLID WASTE OF H EALTHCARE\u0000SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Muhammad Annam Aziz, Dil Nawaz","doi":"10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-10-201-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-10-201-213","url":null,"abstract":"TQM plays an important role in hospitals. TQM is a well-known concept; it is a management philosophy of continuously improving the quality of products and processes. Total quality management is based on 3-principles continuous quality improvement, customer services, team work. Hospitals are by nature complex organizations and complexities are multifaceted in-service hospitals with a sense of lack of services. Quality has emerged as a major issue in the healthcare sector and total quality management has been recognized as the major long-term strategic plan to further improve the quality of health care. The primary data was analyzed for ANOVA, the research results showed the significant relationship. The implementation of TQM in service providers will require the quality management awareness, training and framework progress and customer awareness. The results provide significant information results in reaching conclusion and offering recommendations to management and concerned stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86819499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-08-183-190
Wali Ezzad, Mohibullah Khan, Afshan Jabeen
The teachers’ job performance is means through which teachers behave in teaching process results in effectiveness of the concerned teachers. The study aimed to examine impact of principal leadership styles on job performance of physical education teachers in the government degree colleges in district Layyah. The study objective was to analyze impact of administrative style of the college principals as perceived by physical education teachers. All the lecturers in physical education and students at government degree colleges were the population of the study. A promptly developed two separate Likert type questionnaires were used for data collection (first for teacher & second for students). Using descriptive and inferential statistics, data analysis was performed. The alpha level to test hypotheses was .05 for t-test/Chi-Square test and .01 for regression test. Both the questionnaires were presented with frequencies and percentages with indications of majority groups. On data analysis basis, following findings are drawn. The scholar found the significant outcome at teachers at college level with respect to administrative styles on job performance. Results revealed that significant outcomes towards physical education teachers job performance at colleges.
{"title":"IMPACT OF PRINCIPALS’ ADMINISTRATIVE STYLES ON JOB PERFORMANCE\u0000OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION COLLEGE LECTURERS","authors":"Wali Ezzad, Mohibullah Khan, Afshan Jabeen","doi":"10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-08-183-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-08-183-190","url":null,"abstract":"The teachers’ job performance is means through which teachers behave in teaching process results in effectiveness of the concerned teachers. The study aimed to examine impact of principal leadership styles on job performance of physical education teachers in the government degree colleges in district Layyah. The study objective was to analyze impact of administrative style of the college principals as perceived by physical education teachers. All the lecturers in physical education and students at government degree colleges were the population of the study. A promptly developed two separate Likert type questionnaires were used for data collection (first for teacher & second for students). Using descriptive and inferential statistics, data analysis was performed. The alpha level to test hypotheses was .05 for t-test/Chi-Square test and .01 for regression test. Both the questionnaires were presented with frequencies and percentages with indications of majority groups. On data analysis basis, following findings are drawn. The scholar found the significant outcome at teachers at college level with respect to administrative styles on job performance. Results revealed that significant outcomes towards physical education teachers job performance at colleges.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81851953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-09-191-200
Rana Muhammad Zawar, Abdul Qayyum, Muhibullah Nahrio
As based on social exchange theory, current study aimed to examine Effect of the moral authority over work engagement and emotional exhaustion. The mediating role of self-efficacy and psychological empowerment is examined between ethical leadership and work engagement as well. The sample size was 221, for testing the model and data analysis, SPSS 21 version, has been used for correlation analysis. The results come about of this study uncovered noteworthy positive affiliation between the moral leadership and employee’s well-being (work engagement & enthusiastic exhaustion). Mediation part of Self efficacy and psychological empowerment within relationship amid moral authority and employee’s well-being was too found significant. Accordingly, the recommendations and implications are provided to banking sector. The findings of this inquire about recommend that managing bank officers ought to be more sensitized whereas managing with work force, since it'll make an agreeable work environment that grounded interpersonal connections, which in turn, will decrease work put, push.
{"title":"IMPACT OF ETHICAL L EADERSHIP ON WORK E NGAGEMENT AND EMOTIONAL\u0000EXHAUSTION: MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF EFFICACY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL\u0000EMPOWERMENT","authors":"Rana Muhammad Zawar, Abdul Qayyum, Muhibullah Nahrio","doi":"10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-09-191-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-09-191-200","url":null,"abstract":"As based on social exchange theory, current study aimed to examine Effect of the moral authority over work engagement and emotional exhaustion. The mediating role of self-efficacy and psychological empowerment is examined between ethical leadership and work engagement as well. The sample size was 221, for testing the model and data analysis, SPSS 21 version, has been used for correlation analysis. The results come about of this study uncovered noteworthy positive affiliation between the moral leadership and employee’s well-being (work engagement & enthusiastic exhaustion). Mediation part of Self efficacy and psychological empowerment within relationship amid moral authority and employee’s well-being was too found significant. Accordingly, the recommendations and implications are provided to banking sector. The findings of this inquire about recommend that managing bank officers ought to be more sensitized whereas managing with work force, since it'll make an agreeable work environment that grounded interpersonal connections, which in turn, will decrease work put, push.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75740171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.53664/02-02-2021-01-103-119
Farhan Nabi, Abdul Qayyum, Asmara Habib
The teams of people working together for a common purpose have been a centerpiece of human social organization ever since our ancient ancestors first banded together to hunt game, raise families, and defend communities. Human history is generally story of individuals working together in bunches to investigate, accomplish, and overcome. The purpose of this research work is to understand the aspects effecting team effectiveness through this we come to know that how Individuals’ talents and skills are pooled. Through this Members can see the bigger picture. Members can develop their skills. Tasks can be completed more quickly. This research was based on primary data, which was collected by means of questionnaire, the questionnaire was developed by the author. After checking the reliability of questionnaire was floated to selected 130 respondents from banking and telecom sector. The received 114 accurate responses were used for regression and correlation analysis by using SPSS software. Topic-specific conclusions and suggestions are given all through the survey. There's a strong establishment foundation give a few implies to make strides group adequacy.
{"title":"FACTOR AFFECTING THE TEAMWORK EFFECTIVENESS IN THE SERVICE BASED\u0000ORGANIZATIONS","authors":"Farhan Nabi, Abdul Qayyum, Asmara Habib","doi":"10.53664/02-02-2021-01-103-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53664/02-02-2021-01-103-119","url":null,"abstract":"The teams of people working together for a common purpose have been a centerpiece of human social organization ever since our ancient ancestors first banded together to hunt game, raise families, and defend communities. Human history is generally story of individuals working together in bunches to investigate, accomplish, and overcome. The purpose of this research work is to understand the aspects effecting team effectiveness through this we come to know that how Individuals’ talents and skills are pooled. Through this Members can see the bigger picture. Members can develop their skills. Tasks can be completed more quickly. This research was based on primary data, which was collected by means of questionnaire, the questionnaire was developed by the author. After checking the reliability of questionnaire was floated to selected 130 respondents from banking and telecom sector. The received 114 accurate responses were used for regression and correlation analysis by using SPSS software. Topic-specific conclusions and suggestions are given all through the survey. There's a strong establishment foundation give a few implies to make strides group adequacy.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76419567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.53664/02-02-2021-05-148-159
Mehreen Saba, Z. Islam, Sohail Roman
The study primary aim was to assess relationship between resources (human, financial & material resources) and school sports programs. The population of this research study included all female principals and all female PETs. The scholars used self-made questionnaire; so, it was a Likert-type questionnaire. Items' internal consistency was assessed by the researcher. Cronbach's Alpha was used to determine significant effect against the set hypothesis (P-value and = 0.05). The study came to conclusion that resources had a substantial impact on sports program in the government high schools for females. The school administration may be interested in sports arrangements and provide professional and experienced sports staff. The administration may purchase sports goods under supervision of skillful and experienced experts. Through connection with parents, administration can assure the school excursions and sports activities for students, and instructors may explain the benefits of trips to parents in order to get their support and may provide a sufficient budget for sports activities and ensure that sports budget utilizes on sports program and skilled staff, according to sports budget may be appointed to polish the skills of sports girls.
{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESOURCES AND SCHOOL SPORTS PROGRAM:\u0000A CASE STUDY","authors":"Mehreen Saba, Z. Islam, Sohail Roman","doi":"10.53664/02-02-2021-05-148-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53664/02-02-2021-05-148-159","url":null,"abstract":"The study primary aim was to assess relationship between resources (human, financial & material resources) and school sports programs. The population of this research study included all female principals and all female PETs. The scholars used self-made questionnaire; so, it was a Likert-type questionnaire. Items' internal consistency was assessed by the researcher. Cronbach's Alpha was used to determine significant effect against the set hypothesis (P-value and = 0.05). The study came to conclusion that resources had a substantial impact on sports program in the government high schools for females. The school administration may be interested in sports arrangements and provide professional and experienced sports staff. The administration may purchase sports goods under supervision of skillful and experienced experts. Through connection with parents, administration can assure the school excursions and sports activities for students, and instructors may explain the benefits of trips to parents in order to get their support and may provide a sufficient budget for sports activities and ensure that sports budget utilizes on sports program and skilled staff, according to sports budget may be appointed to polish the skills of sports girls.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76329097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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