Muhammad Asif Khan, Muhammad Siddiq, Asima Siddique
The novel coronavirus COVID-19 has severe consequences for countries around the globe. The purpose of this study to find out the impact of COVID-19 on China’s sectoral indices in the short and medium run. This research investigates the impact of COVID-19 on stock exchange index, exchange rates, money lending, and oil prices in the Chinese economy in the short and medium run by using secondary data of different sectoral sectors. The outcomes show that COVID-19 has strongly influenced these sectors. The Shanghai stock exchange is showing a decline in transactions due to this pandemic in the short run. But in the medium run, the outcome shown that Shanghai stock exchange has upward trend. The pandemic has reduced exchange rate of Chinese RMB to US dollar in short-run, but in medium run, Chinese RMB has gained appreciation against US dollar. The money lending for medium enterprises is showing downward curve. Result shows that money lending rate has reduced from 3.25% to 3.10% in the short-run and 2.95% in medium run. Overall, pandemic has had significant influence on the Chinese economy and development.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK ON CHINA SECTORAL INDICES IN SHORT AND MEDIUM RUN","authors":"Muhammad Asif Khan, Muhammad Siddiq, Asima Siddique","doi":"10.51380/gujr-37-04-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-37-04-04","url":null,"abstract":"The novel coronavirus COVID-19 has severe consequences for countries around the globe. The purpose of this study to find out the impact of COVID-19 on China’s sectoral indices in the short and medium run. This research investigates the impact of COVID-19 on stock exchange index, exchange rates, money lending, and oil prices in the Chinese economy in the short and medium run by using secondary data of different sectoral sectors. The outcomes show that COVID-19 has strongly influenced these sectors. The Shanghai stock exchange is showing a decline in transactions due to this pandemic in the short run. But in the medium run, the outcome shown that Shanghai stock exchange has upward trend. The pandemic has reduced exchange rate of Chinese RMB to US dollar in short-run, but in medium run, Chinese RMB has gained appreciation against US dollar. The money lending for medium enterprises is showing downward curve. Result shows that money lending rate has reduced from 3.25% to 3.10% in the short-run and 2.95% in medium run. Overall, pandemic has had significant influence on the Chinese economy and development.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73939577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change has brought some challenges for the governments in the world. Different governments in the world have adopted different policies to face the challenges of climate change. Pakistan is one of most affected nations by climate change and it has launched a complete program in the clean and green Pakistan movement to counter these challenges. This is a borderless issue and needed collective response along with the specific one to combat these challenges. It is the matter of fact that Pakistan is a developing nation with limited resources to combat the huge challenges of climate change. Imran Khan as head of his political party PTI introduced programs like the Billion tree tsunami in KPK in 2014 and later on won the general elections of 2018 launched a ten billion tree tsunami campaign and soon after made it part of the Clean Green Pakistan Movement. This study focuses on the climate change effects on Pakistan and examines the Clean Green Pakistan movement to counter the challenges of climate change in Pakistan.
{"title":"CLEAN GREEN PAKISTAN MOVEMENT: A WAY TO COMBAT THE CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE","authors":"Imran Khan, Karim Haider Syed","doi":"10.51380/gujr-37-04-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-37-04-07","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has brought some challenges for the governments in the world. Different governments in the world have adopted different policies to face the challenges of climate change. Pakistan is one of most affected\u0000nations by climate change and it has launched a complete program in the clean and green Pakistan movement to counter these challenges. This is a borderless issue and needed collective response along with the specific\u0000one to combat these challenges. It is the matter of fact that Pakistan is a developing nation with limited resources to combat the huge challenges of climate change. Imran Khan as head of his political party PTI introduced programs like the Billion tree tsunami in KPK in 2014 and later on won the general elections of 2018 launched a ten billion tree tsunami campaign and soon after made it part of the Clean Green Pakistan Movement. This study focuses on the climate change effects on Pakistan and examines the Clean Green Pakistan movement to counter the challenges of climate\u0000change in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87712050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-06-160-170
Muhammad Rizwan Bhatti, A. Shah, Ghulam Qasim
The religious outfits have emerged like a juggernaut force in Election, 2018, though all the religious parties opposed existence of Pakistan. The political history of Pakistan is a saga of confrontation among political and extremist elements. The political Islamists wield considerable strength on the country disproportionate to political and electoral power. Islamist political groups served as coalition partners and strengthen the political capital of streamline parties. The phenomenon of mainstreaming and reintegration of religious organizations into mainstream political parties become piece de resistance when they started showing muscles over sit-ins and coercing Government into acceding their demands by hook and by crook. Political mainstreaming of religious outfits is demanded vigorously on the affirmation of renouncing violence by banned organizations turned religious political parties. Thus, the radicalization does not imply violence. The radicalization has plagued whole world. The prudent in-depth “analysis of embedded counter terrorism drives and stratagems will enhance vision and help in abridging lacunas and gaps for effective de-radicalizations” offensive.
{"title":"MAINSTREAMING OF THE RELIGIOUS OUTFITS IN PAKISTAN: A STEP IN RIGHT\u0000DIRECTION","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan Bhatti, A. Shah, Ghulam Qasim","doi":"10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-06-160-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-06-160-170","url":null,"abstract":"The religious outfits have emerged like a juggernaut force in Election, 2018, though all the religious parties opposed existence of Pakistan. The political history of Pakistan is a saga of confrontation among political and extremist elements. The political Islamists wield considerable strength on the country disproportionate to political and electoral power. Islamist political groups served as coalition partners and strengthen the political capital of streamline parties. The phenomenon of mainstreaming and reintegration of religious organizations into mainstream political parties become piece de resistance when they started showing muscles over sit-ins and coercing Government into acceding their demands by hook and by crook. Political mainstreaming of religious outfits is demanded vigorously on the affirmation of renouncing violence by banned organizations turned religious political parties. Thus, the radicalization does not imply violence. The radicalization has plagued whole world. The prudent in-depth “analysis of embedded counter terrorism drives and stratagems will enhance vision and help in abridging lacunas and gaps for effective de-radicalizations” offensive.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83728606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In nowadays competitive environment, students face challenges and intense pressure both from social and university lives, which is perceived stressful, and it ultimately develop feelings of depression. Keeping this in view, the current study aims to know prevalence of depressive feelings and its associated risk factors among Malaysian university students. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected by an online-self-reported- questionnaire from 210 students. Demographic data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, while linkages between depression and its risk-factors were determined by multinomial-logistic regression analysis. Results show that depressive symptoms were moderately elevated among 19-to-22 years old students, female students, unmarried, having past-trauma and financially poor status. Depressive symptoms had impeded academic life of students and academic performance. This study recommends that the menace of depression should be dealt collectively by parents, teachers, and university administration by providing a conducive environment to students, which will prevent students from detrimental impacts of depression.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE FEELINGS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA","authors":"Chin Tee Suan, Anwar Khan, Muhammad Anwar","doi":"10.51380/gujr-37-04-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-37-04-01","url":null,"abstract":"In nowadays competitive environment, students face challenges and intense pressure both from social and university lives, which is perceived stressful, and it ultimately develop feelings of depression. Keeping this in view, the current study aims to know prevalence of depressive feelings and its associated risk factors among Malaysian university students. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected by an online-self-reported- questionnaire from 210 students. Demographic data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, while linkages between depression and its risk-factors were determined by multinomial-logistic regression analysis. Results show that depressive symptoms were moderately elevated among 19-to-22 years old students, female students, unmarried, having past-trauma and financially poor status. Depressive symptoms had impeded academic life of students and academic performance. This study recommends that the menace of depression should be dealt collectively by parents, teachers, and university administration by providing a conducive environment to students, which will prevent students from detrimental impacts of depression.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75522198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.36548/jaicn.2021.4.008
J. Manoharan
Sound event detection, speech emotion classification, music classification, acoustic scene classification, audio tagging and several other audio pattern recognition applications are largely dependent on the growing machine learning technology. The audio pattern recognition issues are also addressed by neural networks in recent days. The existing systems operate within limited durations on specific datasets. Pretrained systems with large datasets in natural language processing and computer vision applications over the recent years perform well in several tasks. However, audio pattern recognition research with large-scale datasets is limited in the current scenario. In this paper, a large-scale audio dataset is used for training a pre-trained audio neural network. Several audio related tasks are performed by transferring this audio neural network. Several convolution neural networks are used for modeling the proposed audio neural network. The computational complexity and performance of this system are analyzed. The waveform and leg-mel spectrogram are used as input features in this architecture. During audio tagging, the proposed system outperforms the existing systems with a mean average of 0.45. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated by applying the audio neural network to five specific audio pattern recognition tasks.
{"title":"Audio Tagging Using CNN Based Audio Neural Networks for Massive Data Processing","authors":"J. Manoharan","doi":"10.36548/jaicn.2021.4.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36548/jaicn.2021.4.008","url":null,"abstract":"Sound event detection, speech emotion classification, music classification, acoustic scene classification, audio tagging and several other audio pattern recognition applications are largely dependent on the growing machine learning technology. The audio pattern recognition issues are also addressed by neural networks in recent days. The existing systems operate within limited durations on specific datasets. Pretrained systems with large datasets in natural language processing and computer vision applications over the recent years perform well in several tasks. However, audio pattern recognition research with large-scale datasets is limited in the current scenario. In this paper, a large-scale audio dataset is used for training a pre-trained audio neural network. Several audio related tasks are performed by transferring this audio neural network. Several convolution neural networks are used for modeling the proposed audio neural network. The computational complexity and performance of this system are analyzed. The waveform and leg-mel spectrogram are used as input features in this architecture. During audio tagging, the proposed system outperforms the existing systems with a mean average of 0.45. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated by applying the audio neural network to five specific audio pattern recognition tasks.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86984160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.36548/jaicn.2021.4.007
R. Kanthavel
Recently, glass crack detection methods have been emerging in Artificial intelligence programming. The early detection of the crack in glass could save many lives. Glass fractures can be detected automatically using machine vision. However, this has not been extensively researched. As a result, a detection algorithm is a benefit to study the mechanics of glass cracking. To test the algorithm, benchmark data are used and analysed. According to the first findings, the algorithm is capable of figuring out the screen more or less correctly and identifying the main fracture structures with sufficient efficiency required for majority of the applications. This research article has addressed the early detection of glass cracks by using edge detection, which delivers excellent accuracy in fracture identification. Following the pre-processing stage, the CNN technique extracts additional characteristics from the input pictures that have been provided due to dense feature extraction. The "Adam" optimizer is used to update the bias weights of networks in a cost-effective manner. Early identification is achievable with high accuracy metrics when using these approaches, as shown in the findings and discussion part of this paper.
{"title":"Early Stage Detection of Crack in Glasses by Hybrid CNN Transformation Approach","authors":"R. Kanthavel","doi":"10.36548/jaicn.2021.4.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36548/jaicn.2021.4.007","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, glass crack detection methods have been emerging in Artificial intelligence programming. The early detection of the crack in glass could save many lives. Glass fractures can be detected automatically using machine vision. However, this has not been extensively researched. As a result, a detection algorithm is a benefit to study the mechanics of glass cracking. To test the algorithm, benchmark data are used and analysed. According to the first findings, the algorithm is capable of figuring out the screen more or less correctly and identifying the main fracture structures with sufficient efficiency required for majority of the applications. This research article has addressed the early detection of glass cracks by using edge detection, which delivers excellent accuracy in fracture identification. Following the pre-processing stage, the CNN technique extracts additional characteristics from the input pictures that have been provided due to dense feature extraction. The \"Adam\" optimizer is used to update the bias weights of networks in a cost-effective manner. Early identification is achievable with high accuracy metrics when using these approaches, as shown in the findings and discussion part of this paper.","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75783443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3048
P. Cairo, J. M. Armas, Bladimir Díaz Martín, Oralia Rodríguez López
The application of natural mineral and organic fertilizers can increase soil productivity. The work was carried out in Vertisols sugarcane areas on the North coast of the province of Villa Clara, municipality of Sagua la Grande, Cuba, with the objective of assessing the effect of dolomitic limestone and organic fertilizers on some physical-chemical properties of a Vertisol. An experiment was conducted with dolomitic limestone levels and combinations of organic fertilizers (4 t ha-1 compost, 15 t ha-1 sugarcane filter cake) and fertilizers (NPK). The design used was stripe blocks. The soil analysis data used at the depth of 0-20 and 20-40 cm were at 8, 19 and 36 months after application of the treatments. The following indicators were evaluated: structure factor, permeability, stable aggregates, plasticity, T value, and exchangeable cations. The Ca/Mg ratio reached a maximum value of 2.58, which shows in the effect of the treatments on the interchangeable cations. Dolomitic limestone and its combinations with organic fertilizers showed significant positive effects on soil structure and consistency, both in the surface layer and in the subsoil, with residual impact over time up to 36 months. The results obtained showed a change in the category of structural indicators from regular to excellent (permeability 1.50-2.40) and from plasticity to moderately plastic (Plastic index 36.64 -13.72)
施用天然矿肥和有机肥可提高土壤生产力。这项工作是在古巴萨瓜格兰德市维拉克拉拉省北海岸的Vertisols甘蔗区进行的，目的是评估白云岩石灰石和有机肥对Vertisol一些物理化学性质的影响。在白云岩灰岩水平下，施用有机肥(4 t hm -1堆肥，15 t hm -1甘蔗滤饼)和氮磷钾(NPK)。使用的设计是条纹块。处理后8个月、19个月和36个月的土壤分析数据分别为0 ~ 20和20 ~ 40 cm。评估了以下指标:结构因子、渗透率、稳定团聚体、塑性、T值和交换阳离子。Ca/Mg比值最大值为2.58，表明处理对可交换阳离子的影响。白云岩灰岩及其与有机肥的组合对表层和底土的土壤结构和稠度均有显著的正向影响，其影响持续时间可达36个月。结果表明，结构指标类别由常规到优异(渗透率1.50 ~ 2.40)，由塑性到中塑性(塑性指数36.64 ~ 13.72)的变化。
{"title":"Effect of dolomitic limestone and organic fertilizers on some physical-chemical properties and the structure of a Vertisol","authors":"P. Cairo, J. M. Armas, Bladimir Díaz Martín, Oralia Rodríguez López","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3048","url":null,"abstract":"The application of natural mineral and organic fertilizers can increase soil productivity. The work was carried out in Vertisols sugarcane areas on the North coast of the province of Villa Clara, municipality of Sagua la Grande, Cuba, with the objective of assessing the effect of dolomitic limestone and organic fertilizers on some physical-chemical properties of a Vertisol. An experiment was conducted with dolomitic limestone levels and combinations of organic fertilizers (4 t ha-1 compost, 15 t ha-1 sugarcane filter cake) and fertilizers (NPK). The design used was stripe blocks. The soil analysis data used at the depth of 0-20 and 20-40 cm were at 8, 19 and 36 months after application of the treatments. The following indicators were evaluated: structure factor, permeability, stable aggregates, plasticity, T value, and exchangeable cations. The Ca/Mg ratio reached a maximum value of 2.58, which shows in the effect of the treatments on the interchangeable cations. Dolomitic limestone and its combinations with organic fertilizers showed significant positive effects on soil structure and consistency, both in the surface layer and in the subsoil, with residual impact over time up to 36 months. The results obtained showed a change in the category of structural indicators from regular to excellent (permeability 1.50-2.40) and from plasticity to moderately plastic (Plastic index 36.64 -13.72)","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73777840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3294
N. Hazrati, M. Hasanzadeh, Saime Unver Ikincikarakaya, C. Y. Özmen, A. Ergül
Cold stress affects plant metabolism and transcripts. The effect on plant metabolism was caused both by direct inhibition of metabolic enzymes at cold temperatures and by reprogramming the gene expression. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and identify of expression level of some cold-related genes under control and cold stress conditions in 11 spring/winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties and 2 Hordeum spontaneum wild genotypes. For this purpose, expression profile of the main C-repeat binding factor )CBF( genes along with expression profiles of the two cold-responsive )COR( genes in plants exposed to low temperatures (+4 °C) were investigated. In parallel, measurements of leaf water potential of varieties were performed in control and at low temperature conditions. Results revealed that, the expression level changes of COR14b gene under cold conditions are more consistent with those of the upstream CBF9 gene expression levels in different varieties and time points rather than the other upstream gene (CBF1). The dehidrin8 )DHN8( expression level was also related to the CBF9 gene expression level and the decreased expression of the CBF9 gene resulted in decreased expression or non-expression of the DHN8 gene. Based on results, it could be said that CBF9 interacts with CBF1 to regulate DHN8 expression. Wild genotypes showed statistically insignificant expression increment for investigated genes in days 1 and 8 of stress. This result is an indicator of the increase at expression levels in the stress genes of more tolerant varieties
{"title":"Quantitative expression analysis of different cold-responsive (COR) and C-repeat binding factors (CBF) genes in wild and cultivated barley under cold acclimation conditions","authors":"N. Hazrati, M. Hasanzadeh, Saime Unver Ikincikarakaya, C. Y. Özmen, A. Ergül","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3294","url":null,"abstract":"Cold stress affects plant metabolism and transcripts. The effect on plant metabolism was caused both by direct inhibition of metabolic enzymes at cold temperatures and by reprogramming the gene expression. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and identify of expression level of some cold-related genes under control and cold stress conditions in 11 spring/winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties and 2 Hordeum spontaneum wild genotypes. For this purpose, expression profile of the main C-repeat binding factor )CBF( genes along with expression profiles of the two cold-responsive )COR( genes in plants exposed to low temperatures (+4 °C) were investigated. In parallel, measurements of leaf water potential of varieties were performed in control and at low temperature conditions. Results revealed that, the expression level changes of COR14b gene under cold conditions are more consistent with those of the upstream CBF9 gene expression levels in different varieties and time points rather than the other upstream gene (CBF1). The dehidrin8 )DHN8( expression level was also related to the CBF9 gene expression level and the decreased expression of the CBF9 gene resulted in decreased expression or non-expression of the DHN8 gene. Based on results, it could be said that CBF9 interacts with CBF1 to regulate DHN8 expression. Wild genotypes showed statistically insignificant expression increment for investigated genes in days 1 and 8 of stress. This result is an indicator of the increase at expression levels in the stress genes of more tolerant varieties","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91151338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3269
Alessandra Vieira da Silva, A. C. F. Deus, Mara Lúcia Cruz de Souza, F. Broetto, L. T. Büll
Steel slag is a powdery industrial residue that has CaO, MgO and SiO2 in its composition, which enables its use in agriculture for soil acidity correction. Most studies involving this residue have focused on understanding its effects on the soil, not always considering its action on the plant metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate physiological, biochemical and nutritional changes in soybean plants due to application of lime and steel slag on the soil surface or by incorporation. The experiment was carried out in the field, with six soil acidity corrective materials: stainless steel slag, steel slag, ladle slag, wollastonite rock, dolomitic lime and calcined dolomite, plus a negative control, which did not receive correctives. Two application methods were adopted: soil surface application or incorporation. Sixty days after application, the soybean crop was established. Soybean response changed with the application method, since incorporation of corrective materials provided greater production of fresh and dry leaf mass and stem fresh mass, increased chlorophyll b and leaf K levels, and contributed to a greater number of plants per hectare and pods per plant, compared to surface application. Besides such benefits, there was no difference between the effect of application methods on soybean yield, indicating that both incorporation and surface application are efficient in increasing soybean grain yield. The correctives steel slag, wollastonite and calcined dolomite provided significant increases in soybean yield
{"title":"Physiological, biochemical and nutritional changes in soybean in response to application of steel slag","authors":"Alessandra Vieira da Silva, A. C. F. Deus, Mara Lúcia Cruz de Souza, F. Broetto, L. T. Büll","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3269","url":null,"abstract":"Steel slag is a powdery industrial residue that has CaO, MgO and SiO2 in its composition, which enables its use in agriculture for soil acidity correction. Most studies involving this residue have focused on understanding its effects on the soil, not always considering its action on the plant metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate physiological, biochemical and nutritional changes in soybean plants due to application of lime and steel slag on the soil surface or by incorporation. The experiment was carried out in the field, with six soil acidity corrective materials: stainless steel slag, steel slag, ladle slag, wollastonite rock, dolomitic lime and calcined dolomite, plus a negative control, which did not receive correctives. Two application methods were adopted: soil surface application or incorporation. Sixty days after application, the soybean crop was established. Soybean response changed with the application method, since incorporation of corrective materials provided greater production of fresh and dry leaf mass and stem fresh mass, increased chlorophyll b and leaf K levels, and contributed to a greater number of plants per hectare and pods per plant, compared to surface application. Besides such benefits, there was no difference between the effect of application methods on soybean yield, indicating that both incorporation and surface application are efficient in increasing soybean grain yield. The correctives steel slag, wollastonite and calcined dolomite provided significant increases in soybean yield","PeriodicalId":10994,"journal":{"name":"December 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89759610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3310
Patrícia Valente da Silva, Célio Borella Junior, F. G. Jesus, L. Hoffmann, I. D. Menezes
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most important crops in Brazil and pest incidence limits its yields. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), native to tropical and subtropical America, spread and rapidly became an invasive pest worldwide. It is a polyphagous pest that feeds on up to 353 plant species including cotton. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antixenosis to S. frugiperda in 27 cotton genotypes, comparing varieties with non- commercial genotypes. The attractiveness was estimated in no-choice and free-choice tests, offering leaf discs of the 27 cotton genotypes to S. frugiperda, and counting the number of caterpillars feeding at 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after their release. The numbers of trichomes and gossypol glands per cm2 were measured on abaxial and adaxial surface. The free-choice test was performed in a randomized block design with the 27 genotypes (treatments) and 20 arenas (replicates). The no-choice assay was conducted as a completely randomized design with 18 genotypes and 20 replicates. The non-commercial genotypes PI0440, CE0467, PI0416, BA0512 and MA0425 presented antixenosis against S. frugiperda. In the free-choice test the cultivar BRS Buriti and the genotype PI0429 were the most attractive to S. frugiperda, while in no-choice test, the genotype PI0429 was the most attractive. High trichome density and gossypol glands did not influence the attractiveness of S. frugiperda in cotton genotypes, while the absence of trichomes was repellent to the caterpillars. There is polymorphism among cotton genotypes to attractiveness to the pest, and the genotypes with antixenosis can be used in future study in plant breeding program as donor source of resistance to S. frugiperda
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