Current aging science最新文献

Background: Epilepsy, the tendency to have recurrent seizures, can have various causes, including brain tumors, genetics, stroke, brain injury, infections, and developmental disorders. Epileptic seizures are usually transient events. They normally leave no trace after the postictal recovery period has passed.

Aims: An electroencephalogram (EEG) can only detect brain activity during the recording. It will be detected if an epileptogenic focus or generalized abnormality is active during the recording.

Objective: This work demonstrated a smart seizure detection system for Healthcare IoT, which is a challenging problem of EEG data analysis.

Method: The study suggested an integrated methodology in recognition of the drawbacks of manual identification and the significant negative effects of uncontrollable seizures on patients' lives.

Result: The research shows remarkable accuracy, up to 100% in some experiments, by combining classifier ensembles like Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine with different signal processing techniques like Discrete Wavelet Transform, Hjorth Parameters, and statistical features. The results were compared using the kNN classifier, other datasets and other state-of-the-art techniques.

Conclusion: Healthcare IoT is further utilized by the methodology, which takes a comprehensive approach using classifier ensembles and signal processing approaches resulting in real-time data to help them make better decisions. This demonstrates how well the suggested method works for smart seizure detection, which is a crucial development for better patient outcomes.

Introduction and objective: There is limited research on the changes that can occur in the gait biomechanical parameters of older adults over long-distance walking. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the gait characteristics of older women of a specific Portuguese community over the six-minute walk test (6MWT) along with gait spatial and temporal parameters and angular kinematics of the lower limb joints.

Materials and methods: Twenty-six older women voluntarily participated. Each woman performed the 6MWT, and during this, their spatial and temporal parameters were collected through plantar pressure data (100Hz) and angular kinematics through an inertial sensor system (100Hz). The 6MWT was divided into four intervals, and the Friedman test was used to compare them. The median age of the women was calculated, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare women above and below the median age value.

Results: An increase in gait speed, stance phase, and double stance phase along the intervals was observed, as well as larger angular displacements of the hip, knee, and ankle (p<0.05). Women below or above the median age value also yielded these behaviours. Gait speed, cadence, stride length, and step length were higher in women below the median age value, while stride and step duration were lower (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Older women yielded changes in gait spatial and temporal parameters along the 6MWT, as well as larger angular displacements of the lower limb joints. Older women (compared to younger ones) yielded lower gait speed, cadence, stride length, and step length, higher stance and double stance phases, and shorter angular displacements of the lower limb joints.

Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by the simultaneous presence of both obesity and sarcopenia in the same individual, and it is associated with adverse health outcomes such as falls, hospitalization, functional disability, and mortality. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of SO in the elderly population through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and LILACS databases for observational studies published up to July 2023 on the prevalence of SO in individuals aged 65 years or older. Data were collected from the selected and included articles, including general study information, demographic characteristics of the samples, methods, and results. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria. A random-effects model was applied for the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) of combined prevalence data, and the I-squared index (I²) was used to assess heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's test.

Results: A total of 37 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were selected and included in this meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among the studies was observed, along with evidence of publication bias. Most studies were classified as having a high risk of bias. The pooled prevalence of SO in the elderly was 10% (95% CI: 8%-12%; I²: 99.10%, p<0.001). A similar result was observed after stratification by sex, with a prevalence of 10% in both men (95% CI: 8%-12%; I²: 97.46%, p<0.001) and women (95% CI: 8%-12%; I²: 98.72%, p<0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses revealed that the study setting, criteria used for the diagnosis of obesity, and the risk of bias in the studies were potential factors contributing to the heterogeneity in the prevalence of SO in the elderly.

Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated a significant prevalence of SO among the elderly population, with no difference by sex, highlighting SO as a substantial health problem in this population. These findings underscore the importance of interventions to reduce the occurrence of SO in the elderly.

Background: X-linked mutations are highly important in clinical diagnosis, and at least 533 disorders are related to the genes located on the X chromosome.

Case presentation: A 21-year-old Caucasian woman with a 24-year-old Caucasian man as her fiancé referred Clinical genetic lab for premarital genetic counseling (carrier screening). None of them had any abnormal manifestations. Following genetic counseling, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) test performed to find the possible pathogenic mutations. Also, after drawing the couple's pedigree, candidate mutations were examined in the woman's parents as well as her uncles. Additionally, in silico investigations were performed through SWISS-MODEL, MolProbity, ProSA, Py- Mol, and FATCAT tools. The most important mutation diagnosed in the woman (R1362Q in the 35th exon of CACNA1F), was observed in her mother and her two uncles. The mutation was also screened in both her father and her fiancé, but they had no mutations. After medical examinations of carriers, there was no sign of any eye impairment. Other mutations were TCTN2 (c.1613-2A>G), TARS (p.K319E), SPEG (p.E3020K), CPS1 (p.A1180V), MYO3A (p.I736M), NNT (p.R968Q), MED23 (p.K406T). Bioinformatics analyses indicated no alteration in the mutant structure of CACNA1F (Q1362) compared with the normal structure (R1362).

Conclusion: Conclusively, the current study emphasizes the non-pathogenic effect of missense mutation R1362Q in the 35th exon of CACNA1F in association with ocular diseases. This will ensure the reports of this mutation as healthy instead of uncertain in the literature and databanks.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has many etiologies and the impact of gender on AD changes throughout time. As a consequence of advancements in precision medical procedures and methodology, Alzheimer's disease is now better understood and treated. Several risk factors may be addressed to lower one's chances of developing Alzheimer's disease or associated dementia (ADRD). The presence of amyloid-α protein senile plaques, intracellular tau protein neurofibrillary tangles (NfTs), neurodegeneration, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) characterizes Alzheimer's disease. NPS is common in persons with Alzheimer's disease dementia, although its presentation varies widely. Gender differences might explain this clinical variability. The fundamental goal of this review is to 1) emphasize the function of old age, sex, and gender in the development of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and ADRD, and 2) explain the importance of sexual hormones, education, and APOE (Apolipoprotein E) status. This is a narrative summary of new ideas and concepts on the differences in the chance of developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease between men and women. A more thorough examination of risk and protective variables in both men and women might hasten research into the epidemiology of neurological illnesses such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, future preventive efforts should target men and women separately.

Background: Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is defined as an idiopathic orofacial pain with recurrent intraoral burning. It mainly affects middle-aged women in peri- or post-menopause and the elderly, without any identifiable causative lesions and with or without somatosensory alterations. BMS has a complex pathogenesis involving psychogenic factors and deregulated peripheral and central pain, and there is no standard treatment protocol, making its diagnosis and management challenges.

Objective: This study was to carry out a review literature on BMS, addressing its identification and therapeutic possibilities.

Methods: Review articles and randomized controlled clinical studies whose full text was available, published between 2017 and 2022 in national and international journals, from PubMed and SCIELO databases, WHO manuals and books, were collected. As a search strategy, the keywords "burning mouth syndrome", "treatment" and "diagnosis" were used, totaling 42 papers. Of these, after applying the exclusion criteria, 34 articles were selected.

Results: Studies indicate that a comprehensive and thorough anamnesis is essential to exclude secondary factors leading to the correct diagnosis of BMS. In addition, a comprehensive anamnesis directs the best management considering a combination of neuropathic and palliative therapies, which aim to control, eliminate and/or minimize painful symptoms, treating the patient in an individualized way and not the disease itself, since this pathology has no cure.

Conclusion: Considering the impact of BMS on quality of life, further studies are needed to expand diagnostic and treatment strategies, aiming to complement existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, observing the influence that biopsychosocial and neurophysiological mechanisms have on this syndrome.

Although a variety of disease-specific biomarkers have been identified for common lifestyle- or aging-related diseases, there are currently no indices available to measure general health or the existence of pre-symptomatic conditions in various types of tissue and organ damage. A rising body of research suggests that sirtuins may have the potential to be used as an index to assess overall health status and the existence of pre-symptomatic illness states. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylases expressed in a variety of human somatic cells both in health and disease conditions. The activity and expression of SIRTs affect important metabolic pathways, such as cell survival, senescence, proliferation, energy production, stress tolerance, DNA repair, and apoptosis, thereby closely linked to aging and longevity. Given the broad significance of SIRTs in physiological function maintenance, their activity in somatic cells may reflect the early cross-sectional status of tissue damage caused by aging or systemic inflammatory responses that are too early to be detected by disease-specific biomarkers. In this mini-review, we discuss the utility of SIRTs as a surrogate clinical biomarker for health status to evaluate and monitor health life expectancy and the presence of pre-symptomatic illness states.

Background: Physical and leisure activities are vital for active aging. Leisure activities among the aging population have received attention from scholars in the recent past. However, the research contributions and trends in this field are unknown. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to explore the scholarly contributions in aging and leisure activities to identify the research output trends, assess thematic focuses, and analyze research collaboration patterns.

Methods: We extracted data from the Scopus database for the period 2000-2023 and identified 443 articles focusing on aging and leisure activities. Tools, such as bibliographical coupling networks and thematic analysis, were applied using R and Biblioshiny to uncover core themes and connections.

Results: There has been a significant increase in research output since 2021, with contributions from numerous authors and countries, particularly the United States and China. Thematic analysis reveals central themes, such as physical activity, successful aging, and cognition.

Conclusion: This analysis reveals the evolving nature of scholarly discussions in aging and leisure, highlighting key themes, such as physical activity, cognitive aging, and health promotion. The findings emphasize the growing interest and global collaboration in this interdisciplinary research domain.

Introduction: Stair navigation is physically demanding for individuals with knee osteoarthritis and may result in movement asymmetries that can be quantified using kinetic analysis and force-time parameters. Thus, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine if kinetic force-time parameter asymmetries are present in individuals with knee osteoarthritis and associated with functional outcomes.

Methods: Forty-six older male veterans (61.6±5.6 years) participated. More and less involved legs were defined using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scale and self-reported pain. Kinetics were measured with the Neurocom® Step Up and Over test and quantified with the lift-up index, impact index, movement time, and stair-stepping smoothness. Smoothness was calculated from the level of intermittency in acceleration and deceleration during the concentric and eccentric test movements.

Results: Smoothness was the only force-time parameter to demonstrate an asymmetry. Greater smoothness values were observed for the less-involved leg (p<0.001, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.64, d=1.17) and were positively associated with gait speed (more-involved: r=0.47, p<0.01; lessinvolved: r=0.53, p<0.01), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Symptom (more-involved: r=0.31, p<0.05; less-involved: r=0.39, p<0.01) and ADL (more-involved: r=0.32, p<0.05; less-involved: r=0.39, p<0.05) subscales, and isokinetic knee extension strength (more-involved: r=0.31, p<0.05; less-involved: r=0.42, p<0.01).

Conclusion: Stair-stepping smoothness was diminished in the more involved leg and was associated with worse gait speed, patient-reported outcomes, and knee strength. This observation may reflect compromised motor control associated with decreased strength and greater disease severity in the more-involved leg.

Background: Recently, there has been a significant evolution in our understanding of the molecular pathways causing the genesis and progression of cancer via the inter-individual variations. Thus, one-size-fits-all methods for cancer treatment have been replaced by precision oncology (PO) targeting individual cancer symptoms, offering increased effectiveness, and decreased safety concerns and cost load.

Objective: The identification of novel actionable indications, rapid, precise, and comprehensive detection of complex phenotypes in every individual, pioneering clinical trial projects with enhanced response feedback, and widespread availability of innovative targeted anticancer management for every patient are vital for the effective implementation of next-generation precision oncology. Additionally, the emergence of precision medicine has altered the perspective of oncologic biomarkers, drug discovery, drug development, and, improvements for cancer patients.

Method: This paper narratively reviewed to identify actionable abnormalities, Genomic profiling of tumors employing clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) from both tumor tissues and liquid biopsies along with the multi-omics strategies as the key component of PO.

Results: Our increasing information on tumor biology, specifically microenvironment and heterogeneity- associated data, would improve our understanding of the resistance of targeted drugs and specific mechanisms of action, as well as help enhance existing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment strategies.

Conclusion: Collectively, this paper indicated the current and innovative strategies for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of various cancer types based on PO overview with a groundbreaking emphasis on CRC suggesting the integrations of multi-omics, highlighting Genomics, and utilizing AL and ML algorithms with targeted therapies. Notably, these findings can help improve the life-span and ageing of the predisposed people.