Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220419102648
Caitríona Quinn, A. Monaghan, T. Foran, R. Kenny, J. Gormley
OBJECTIVES This review outlines the normal heart rate and blood pressure response to active standing, the physiological mechanisms governing these, and the effect of ageing on the responses. METHOD A literature search was conducted to identify articles investigating the normal heart rate and/or blood pressure response to standing. RESULTS Heart rate when standing increases and then decreases and recovers to baseline. Blood pressure responses are inverse. Skeletal muscle contraction and the baroreceptor reflex drive this. With ageing, heart rate response attenuates and the initial blood pressure response increases. DISCUSSION Normal heart rate and blood pressure responses are attributed to the baroreceptor reflex and skeletal muscle contraction. Decreased muscle strength and baroreceptor sensitivity are associated with ageing, suggesting a possible benefit in improving skeletal muscle strength to maintain an efficient response. Understanding these responses and their variation with ageing is clinically relevant and may be beneficial in improving rehabilitation outcomes.
{"title":"A Review of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Responses to Active Standing in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Caitríona Quinn, A. Monaghan, T. Foran, R. Kenny, J. Gormley","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220419102648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220419102648","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000This review outlines the normal heart rate and blood pressure response to active standing, the physiological mechanisms governing these, and the effect of ageing on the responses.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000A literature search was conducted to identify articles investigating the normal heart rate and/or blood pressure response to standing.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Heart rate when standing increases and then decreases and recovers to baseline. Blood pressure responses are inverse. Skeletal muscle contraction and the baroreceptor reflex drive this. With ageing, heart rate response attenuates and the initial blood pressure response increases.\u0000\u0000\u0000DISCUSSION\u0000Normal heart rate and blood pressure responses are attributed to the baroreceptor reflex and skeletal muscle contraction. Decreased muscle strength and baroreceptor sensitivity are associated with ageing, suggesting a possible benefit in improving skeletal muscle strength to maintain an efficient response. Understanding these responses and their variation with ageing is clinically relevant and may be beneficial in improving rehabilitation outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"1996 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78607509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220419104512
N. Zanjari, Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz, Tayebe Abdollahi
AIMS The attitudes toward older patients are considered the main factor in providing health services. BACKGROUND There is a lack of a proper short scale to measure attitudes toward older patients among healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE The present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the UCLA Geriatric Attitude scale (UCLA-GAS) among a sample of Iranian healthcare professionals. METHODS The method of this study was cross-sectional for psychometric evaluation. The sample included 232 healthcare professionals in Mazandaran city. Study participants were selected by cluster random sampling technique. Psychometric evaluation of the UCLA-GAS assessed through content and construct validity. Content validity was evaluated based on the content validity index (CVI) and construct validity investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, convergent validity was assessed using the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Older People Scale (KAOPS) questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency reliability and stability was assessed using test-retest. RESULTS Regarding the content validity, CVI and modified Kappa statistic for all items were >0.79 and shows all items where relevant to the UCLA-GAS in the Iranian context. The three dimensions of the UCLA-GAS extracted from factor analysis were labeled: 1- medical/economic burden (6 items) 2- appreciate attitude (5 items), 3- resource allocation (3 items). CFA revealed that the UCLA-GAS structure model was a validated model (CMIN = 2.312, GFI = 0.913, CFI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.075). The scale had a significant and positive correlation with KAOPS questionnaire. Also, The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.78 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), for total instrument was reported as 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87-0.98) and demonstrated good reliability of the instrument. CONCLUSION The result shows the UCLA-GAS is a valid and reliable scale for measuring attitude toward older patient among healthcare professionals. This study recommends using Iranian UCLA-GAS in future research and policy-making.
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the UCLA geriatrics attitudes scale (UCLA-GAS).","authors":"N. Zanjari, Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz, Tayebe Abdollahi","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220419104512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220419104512","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS\u0000The attitudes toward older patients are considered the main factor in providing health services.\u0000\u0000\u0000BACKGROUND\u0000There is a lack of a proper short scale to measure attitudes toward older patients among healthcare professionals.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000The present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the UCLA Geriatric Attitude scale (UCLA-GAS) among a sample of Iranian healthcare professionals.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The method of this study was cross-sectional for psychometric evaluation. The sample included 232 healthcare professionals in Mazandaran city. Study participants were selected by cluster random sampling technique. Psychometric evaluation of the UCLA-GAS assessed through content and construct validity. Content validity was evaluated based on the content validity index (CVI) and construct validity investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, convergent validity was assessed using the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Older People Scale (KAOPS) questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency reliability and stability was assessed using test-retest.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Regarding the content validity, CVI and modified Kappa statistic for all items were >0.79 and shows all items where relevant to the UCLA-GAS in the Iranian context. The three dimensions of the UCLA-GAS extracted from factor analysis were labeled: 1- medical/economic burden (6 items) 2- appreciate attitude (5 items), 3- resource allocation (3 items). CFA revealed that the UCLA-GAS structure model was a validated model (CMIN = 2.312, GFI = 0.913, CFI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.075). The scale had a significant and positive correlation with KAOPS questionnaire. Also, The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.78 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), for total instrument was reported as 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87-0.98) and demonstrated good reliability of the instrument.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The result shows the UCLA-GAS is a valid and reliable scale for measuring attitude toward older patient among healthcare professionals. This study recommends using Iranian UCLA-GAS in future research and policy-making.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"530 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72436497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220415132815
K. Borbely, Aldilane L X Marques, Felipe Lima Porto, Beatriz Santana Mendonça, S. Smaniotto, Maria Danielma dos Santos Reis
BACKGROUND Age-related impairments in macrophage functions have important consequences for the health of the elderly population. The aging process is also accompanied by a reduction in several hormones, including growth hormone (GH). Previous studies have shown that this hormone can affect macrophage activity in young individuals, however, the biological effects of GH stimulation on macrophages during aging have not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro effects of GH on peritoneal macrophages from aged mice. METHODS Peritoneal macrophages isolated from young (4 months-old) and old (12-15 months-old) mice were treated in vitro with 100 ng/mL of GH for 24 hours. After treatment, cells were analysed for cell morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, expression of integrins, cell adhesion to extracellular matrix molecules and migration in transwell chambers. RESULTS Although GH-treated cells from old mice decreased ROS production, we did not observe the effects of GH on macrophage morphology or macrophage phagocytic activity in young and old-derived cell cultures. Macrophages from old mice increased adhesion to laminin and fibronectin substrates, as did cells obtained from young mice treated with GH, but no change was observed in the expression of integrin receptors. Furthermore, cells from old mice increased migration compared to young mice and a significant increase in macrophage migration was observed under GH stimulation. CONCLUSION Our results showed that GH can interfere with the motility of macrophages from old mice, advancing our understanding of the interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine systems during aging.
{"title":"Growth Hormone Stimulates Murine Macrophage Migration During Aging.","authors":"K. Borbely, Aldilane L X Marques, Felipe Lima Porto, Beatriz Santana Mendonça, S. Smaniotto, Maria Danielma dos Santos Reis","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220415132815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220415132815","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Age-related impairments in macrophage functions have important consequences for the health of the elderly population. The aging process is also accompanied by a reduction in several hormones, including growth hormone (GH). Previous studies have shown that this hormone can affect macrophage activity in young individuals, however, the biological effects of GH stimulation on macrophages during aging have not yet been elucidated.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000The aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro effects of GH on peritoneal macrophages from aged mice.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Peritoneal macrophages isolated from young (4 months-old) and old (12-15 months-old) mice were treated in vitro with 100 ng/mL of GH for 24 hours. After treatment, cells were analysed for cell morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, expression of integrins, cell adhesion to extracellular matrix molecules and migration in transwell chambers.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Although GH-treated cells from old mice decreased ROS production, we did not observe the effects of GH on macrophage morphology or macrophage phagocytic activity in young and old-derived cell cultures. Macrophages from old mice increased adhesion to laminin and fibronectin substrates, as did cells obtained from young mice treated with GH, but no change was observed in the expression of integrin receptors. Furthermore, cells from old mice increased migration compared to young mice and a significant increase in macrophage migration was observed under GH stimulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Our results showed that GH can interfere with the motility of macrophages from old mice, advancing our understanding of the interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine systems during aging.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73801406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-14DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220414104832
B. Buemann
MECHANISMS Oxytocinergic neurons emerging from the hypothalamus release oxytocin from the pituitary gland to the blood by axonal discharge to regulate reproductive organs. However, at the same time, oxytocin is secreted into neighboring areas of the hypothalamus from the dendrites of these neurons. Here the peptide acts by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms to influence other neuroendocrine systems. Furthermore, oxytocinergic neurons project to many different locations in the brain where it affects sensory processing, affective functions, and reward. Additional to its regulatory role, significant anti-inflammatory and restoring effects of oxytocin have been reported from many in-vivo and in-vitro studies. The pervasive property of the oxytocin system may enable it generally to dampen stress reactions both peripherally and centrally and protect neurons and supportive cells from inadequate inflammation and malfunctioning. Animal experiments have documented the importance of preserving immune- and stem cell functions in the hypothalamus to impede age-related destructive processes of the body. Sexual reward has a profound stimulating impact on the oxytocinergic activity and the present article therefore presents the hypothesis that frequent sexual activity may postpone the onset of frailty and age-associated diseases by neural protection from the bursts of oxytocin. Furthermore, suggestions are given how the neuroplastic properties of oxytocin may be utilized to enhance sexual reward by learning processes in order further to reinforce the release of this peptide.
{"title":"Oxytocin-releasing reward: a remedy for cerebral inflammaging?","authors":"B. Buemann","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220414104832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220414104832","url":null,"abstract":"MECHANISMS\u0000Oxytocinergic neurons emerging from the hypothalamus release oxytocin from the pituitary gland to the blood by axonal discharge to regulate reproductive organs. However, at the same time, oxytocin is secreted into neighboring areas of the hypothalamus from the dendrites of these neurons. Here the peptide acts by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms to influence other neuroendocrine systems. Furthermore, oxytocinergic neurons project to many different locations in the brain where it affects sensory processing, affective functions, and reward. Additional to its regulatory role, significant anti-inflammatory and restoring effects of oxytocin have been reported from many in-vivo and in-vitro studies. The pervasive property of the oxytocin system may enable it generally to dampen stress reactions both peripherally and centrally and protect neurons and supportive cells from inadequate inflammation and malfunctioning. Animal experiments have documented the importance of preserving immune- and stem cell functions in the hypothalamus to impede age-related destructive processes of the body. Sexual reward has a profound stimulating impact on the oxytocinergic activity and the present article therefore presents the hypothesis that frequent sexual activity may postpone the onset of frailty and age-associated diseases by neural protection from the bursts of oxytocin. Furthermore, suggestions are given how the neuroplastic properties of oxytocin may be utilized to enhance sexual reward by learning processes in order further to reinforce the release of this peptide.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82576219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220331090135
Rebeca Gonçalves Trevisano, M. F. Gregnani, Bruna Cestari de Azevedo, S. S. de Almeida
BACKGROUND Population aging is growing faster than any other age group. Associated with aging, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is a potential risk factor for the development and aggravation of numerous pathologies. A genetic factor often associated with obesity is the Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) (rs9939609) gene polymorphism, which has been extensively investigated in children, young, and adults. However, few studies have been carried out with the older population. This review aimed to verify the influence of the FTO (rs9939609) gene polymorphism on the body composition of the older population. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and Meta-analysis of PubMed, Scielo, and LILACS databases. Statistical analysis for meta-analysis was performed using mean values of Body Mass Index (BMI) and standard deviations. RESULTS The results did not show significant differences between FTO genotypes and BMI values (-0.32, 95%CI -0.45 to -0.19, I2 = 0%, p = 0.52). However, 59% of the studies identified some influence on body composition, obesity, or comorbidities. CONCLUSION Few publications verify FTO polymorphism effects on specific groups of the older, suggesting a reduction in the influence of this gene in the BMI with advancing age. However, we believe that more controlled studies in older populations should be performed.
{"title":"The Association of Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene Polymorphism (rs9939609) on the Body Composition of Older People: Systematic Review.","authors":"Rebeca Gonçalves Trevisano, M. F. Gregnani, Bruna Cestari de Azevedo, S. S. de Almeida","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220331090135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220331090135","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Population aging is growing faster than any other age group. Associated with aging, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is a potential risk factor for the development and aggravation of numerous pathologies. A genetic factor often associated with obesity is the Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) (rs9939609) gene polymorphism, which has been extensively investigated in children, young, and adults. However, few studies have been carried out with the older population. This review aimed to verify the influence of the FTO (rs9939609) gene polymorphism on the body composition of the older population.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We conducted a systematic review and Meta-analysis of PubMed, Scielo, and LILACS databases. Statistical analysis for meta-analysis was performed using mean values of Body Mass Index (BMI) and standard deviations.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The results did not show significant differences between FTO genotypes and BMI values (-0.32, 95%CI -0.45 to -0.19, I2 = 0%, p = 0.52). However, 59% of the studies identified some influence on body composition, obesity, or comorbidities.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Few publications verify FTO polymorphism effects on specific groups of the older, suggesting a reduction in the influence of this gene in the BMI with advancing age. However, we believe that more controlled studies in older populations should be performed.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78514632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220328123744
T. Omma, N. Gulcelik, Fatma Zengin, I. Karahan, C. Culha
BACKGROUND Diet can affect the body's acid-base balance due to its content of acid or base precursors. There is conflicting evidence for the role of metabolic acidosis in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, hypertension (HT), and insulin resistance (IR). OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that dietary acid load (DAL) is associated with adverse metabolic risk factors and we aimed to investigate this in the elderly. METHODS A total of 114 elderly participants were included in the study. The participants were divided into four groups such as HT, diabetes (DM), both HT and DM, and healthy controls. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical findings were recorded. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) results were obtained from three-day, 24-hour dietary records via a nutrient database program. (BeBiS software program). RESULTS The groups were matched for age, gender, and BMI. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of NEAP (p=0.01) and no significant difference for PRAL (p=0.086). The lowest NEAP and PRAL levels were seen in the control group while the highest in the HT group. Both NEAP and PRAL were correlated with waist circumference (r=0,325, p=0.001; r=0,231, p=0,016, respectively). CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that subjects with HT and DM had diets with greater acid-forming potential. High NEAP may be a risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases, particularly HT. PRAL couldn't be shown as a significantly different marker in all participants. Dietary content has a significant contribution to the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors such as HT, DM, and obesity.
{"title":"Dietary Acid Load is Associated with Hypertension and Diabetes in the Elderly.","authors":"T. Omma, N. Gulcelik, Fatma Zengin, I. Karahan, C. Culha","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220328123744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220328123744","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Diet can affect the body's acid-base balance due to its content of acid or base precursors. There is conflicting evidence for the role of metabolic acidosis in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, hypertension (HT), and insulin resistance (IR).\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We hypothesize that dietary acid load (DAL) is associated with adverse metabolic risk factors and we aimed to investigate this in the elderly.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A total of 114 elderly participants were included in the study. The participants were divided into four groups such as HT, diabetes (DM), both HT and DM, and healthy controls. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical findings were recorded. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) results were obtained from three-day, 24-hour dietary records via a nutrient database program. (BeBiS software program).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The groups were matched for age, gender, and BMI. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of NEAP (p=0.01) and no significant difference for PRAL (p=0.086). The lowest NEAP and PRAL levels were seen in the control group while the highest in the HT group. Both NEAP and PRAL were correlated with waist circumference (r=0,325, p=0.001; r=0,231, p=0,016, respectively).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Our data confirmed that subjects with HT and DM had diets with greater acid-forming potential. High NEAP may be a risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases, particularly HT. PRAL couldn't be shown as a significantly different marker in all participants. Dietary content has a significant contribution to the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors such as HT, DM, and obesity.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85893972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220304195647
P. Abdalla, Elzier Sampaio de Queiroz Neto, Ana Carolina Silveira de Souza Lage, Sérgio Gomes, Maria das Dores Bezerra de Freitas, Simão Pedro-Costa, D. Machado, José Oliveira, J. Mota, Lucimére Bohn
BACKGROUND Although home confinement reduces the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections, it may negatively impact the psychological and physical health of older adults. OBJECTIVE The present study attempted to describe the quality of life (QoL) of older adults before and during the COVID-19 outbreak focus on evaluating QoL, physical activity, sitting time, and sleep quality during home confinement. METHOD The present study was conducted in 1,063 older adults (91% females) enrolled in a Brazilian social program. They were interviewed for QoL (EQ-5D), physical activity (international physical activity questionnaire-short vision), and sleep quality [Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)] after 11.6 ± 2.4 weeks of confinement. Logistic regression confirmed changes in QoL. RESULTS The QoL (86.5 ± 14.7) decreased significantly during confinement (66.0 ± 21.0; P < 0.001), whereas the PSQI global score was 6.8 ± 3.9 points. Older adults spent 18.7 ± 29.8 min/day in moderate to vigorous physical activity, whereas they spent 325.5 ± 144.4 min/day sitting. The PSQI global score [odds ratio (OR): 1.10], sitting time (OR: 1.001), and diseases (OR: 1.23) were significantly associated with low QoL (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Confinement has a deleterious effect on QoL, which is influenced by quality of sleep, sitting time, and disease. Awareness regarding the significance of sleep and physical exercise in older adults can mitigate the damage to their health during confinement.
{"title":"Sleep Quality and Quality of Life Among Older Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"P. Abdalla, Elzier Sampaio de Queiroz Neto, Ana Carolina Silveira de Souza Lage, Sérgio Gomes, Maria das Dores Bezerra de Freitas, Simão Pedro-Costa, D. Machado, José Oliveira, J. Mota, Lucimére Bohn","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220304195647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220304195647","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Although home confinement reduces the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections, it may negatively impact the psychological and physical health of older adults.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000The present study attempted to describe the quality of life (QoL) of older adults before and during the COVID-19 outbreak focus on evaluating QoL, physical activity, sitting time, and sleep quality during home confinement.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000The present study was conducted in 1,063 older adults (91% females) enrolled in a Brazilian social program. They were interviewed for QoL (EQ-5D), physical activity (international physical activity questionnaire-short vision), and sleep quality [Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)] after 11.6 ± 2.4 weeks of confinement. Logistic regression confirmed changes in QoL.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The QoL (86.5 ± 14.7) decreased significantly during confinement (66.0 ± 21.0; P < 0.001), whereas the PSQI global score was 6.8 ± 3.9 points. Older adults spent 18.7 ± 29.8 min/day in moderate to vigorous physical activity, whereas they spent 325.5 ± 144.4 min/day sitting. The PSQI global score [odds ratio (OR): 1.10], sitting time (OR: 1.001), and diseases (OR: 1.23) were significantly associated with low QoL (P < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Confinement has a deleterious effect on QoL, which is influenced by quality of sleep, sitting time, and disease. Awareness regarding the significance of sleep and physical exercise in older adults can mitigate the damage to their health during confinement.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78924449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220304193925
S. S, K. K
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is one of the risk components in the development of coronary artery diseases (CAD) and polymorphism in major antioxidant genes like Glutathione-S-Transferases (GST) has been associated with the increased CAD susceptibility and severity. OBJECTIVE To get a precise evaluation and to update the association, a meta-analysis on GST (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) polymorphism with CAD was performed. Moreover, the combined effect of GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes on CAD risk which is not yet studied so far but it has the highest risk of developing diseases. MATERIALS AND METHOD PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for eligible studies. Case-control studies with genotypic frequency, provide data to calculate odds ratio (OR) and in English language were selected. OR with 95% C.I was calculated and random effect model was used. NOS scale was used to asses the qulity of the included studies. RESULTS Meta-analysis indicated that the GSTM1 null genotype and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) polymorphism is significantly associated with CAD risk with a pooled OR-1.38, p=0.01 for GSTM1 and OR-1.19, p=0.04 for GSTP1. Dual null genotype of GSTM1-GSTT1 has highest risk for CAD development (OR-1.59, p=0.003) and there is no significant association for GSTT1 null genotype with CAD. In the subgroup analysis, GSTM1 showed the increased risk for Asians (OR-1.68, p=<0.01) and smokers (OR-1.98, p=<0.01). Publication bias was not observed. CONCLUSION The findings suggests that the GSTM1/GSTP1 polymorphism can be a predictive factor for CAD risk and a larger sample size is required further to confirm the association.
背景氧化应激是冠状动脉疾病(CAD)发生的危险因素之一，主要抗氧化基因如谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶(GST)的多态性与冠心病易感性和严重程度的增加有关。目的对GST (GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1)多态性与CAD的关系进行meta分析，以获得准确的评价和更新相关性。此外，GSTM1/GSTT1零基因型对CAD风险的联合影响目前尚未研究，但其发病风险最高。材料与方法系统地检索pubmed、Embase和Web of Science中符合条件的研究。选择具有基因型频率、提供计算优势比(OR)数据的病例对照研究和英文研究。计算95% ci的OR，采用随机效应模型。采用NOS量表评估纳入研究的质量。结果荟萃分析显示，GSTM1零基因型和GSTP1 (Ile105Val)多态性与CAD风险显著相关，GSTM1的or值为1.38,p=0.01, GSTP1的or值为1.19,p=0.04。GSTM1-GSTT1双零基因型患CAD的风险最高(or = 1.59, p=0.003)， GSTT1零基因型与CAD无显著相关性。在亚组分析中，GSTM1显示亚洲人(OR-1.68, p=<0.01)和吸烟者(OR-1.98, p=<0.01)的风险增加。未观察到发表偏倚。结论GSTM1/GSTP1多态性可能是CAD风险的预测因素，需要更大的样本量来进一步证实其相关性。
{"title":"Contribution of Glutathione-S-Transferases Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Artery Diseases: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"S. S, K. K","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220304193925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220304193925","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Oxidative stress is one of the risk components in the development of coronary artery diseases (CAD) and polymorphism in major antioxidant genes like Glutathione-S-Transferases (GST) has been associated with the increased CAD susceptibility and severity.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000To get a precise evaluation and to update the association, a meta-analysis on GST (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) polymorphism with CAD was performed. Moreover, the combined effect of GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes on CAD risk which is not yet studied so far but it has the highest risk of developing diseases.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHOD\u0000PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for eligible studies. Case-control studies with genotypic frequency, provide data to calculate odds ratio (OR) and in English language were selected. OR with 95% C.I was calculated and random effect model was used. NOS scale was used to asses the qulity of the included studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Meta-analysis indicated that the GSTM1 null genotype and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) polymorphism is significantly associated with CAD risk with a pooled OR-1.38, p=0.01 for GSTM1 and OR-1.19, p=0.04 for GSTP1. Dual null genotype of GSTM1-GSTT1 has highest risk for CAD development (OR-1.59, p=0.003) and there is no significant association for GSTT1 null genotype with CAD. In the subgroup analysis, GSTM1 showed the increased risk for Asians (OR-1.68, p=<0.01) and smokers (OR-1.98, p=<0.01). Publication bias was not observed.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The findings suggests that the GSTM1/GSTP1 polymorphism can be a predictive factor for CAD risk and a larger sample size is required further to confirm the association.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84487195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220304200939
Kelli E. King, James J. McCormick, Sean R. Notley, Naoto Fujii, G. Kenny
BACKGROUND The protein klotho protects cellular function during various physiological stressors, such as exercise, however it is unknown how the age-related decline in klotho production affects responses during exercise, especially in the heat. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the effect of exercise in temperate and hot environmental conditions on serum klotho concentrations in young and older men. METHODS 12 young (mean ± SD: 22 ± 3 years) and 12 older (59 ± 4 years) men performed 180 minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill walking (metabolic rate: 200 W/m2) in a temperate [wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) 16°C, achieved with 21.9°C, 35% relative humidity (RH)] and hot (WBGT 32°C, achieved with 41.4°C, 35% RH) environment. Serum klotho was assessed before and after exercise, as well as 60-min post-exercise recovery in the respective environments. RESULTS Absolute klotho concentrations were greater in young versus older men during all measured time points in the temperate (p = 0.032), but not the hot condition (p = 0.064). In the hot condition, the change in serum klotho from baseline was significantly higher after exercise in the heat (mean ± SEM: +251 ± 73 pg/mL) than the temperate (+75 ± 57 pg/mL) environment in both groups (p = 0.026). However, this elevation was not maintained during recovery. CONCLUSION We showed that prolonged exercise in a temperate environment does not elicit a klotho response in either group. In contrast, despite lower resting klotho levels, the older men showed a similar exercise-induced increase in serum klotho response as their younger counterparts.
{"title":"Serum klotho concentrations in young and older men during prolonged exercise in temperate and hot conditions.","authors":"Kelli E. King, James J. McCormick, Sean R. Notley, Naoto Fujii, G. Kenny","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220304200939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220304200939","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The protein klotho protects cellular function during various physiological stressors, such as exercise, however it is unknown how the age-related decline in klotho production affects responses during exercise, especially in the heat.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Our objective was to determine the effect of exercise in temperate and hot environmental conditions on serum klotho concentrations in young and older men.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u000012 young (mean ± SD: 22 ± 3 years) and 12 older (59 ± 4 years) men performed 180 minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill walking (metabolic rate: 200 W/m2) in a temperate [wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) 16°C, achieved with 21.9°C, 35% relative humidity (RH)] and hot (WBGT 32°C, achieved with 41.4°C, 35% RH) environment. Serum klotho was assessed before and after exercise, as well as 60-min post-exercise recovery in the respective environments.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Absolute klotho concentrations were greater in young versus older men during all measured time points in the temperate (p = 0.032), but not the hot condition (p = 0.064). In the hot condition, the change in serum klotho from baseline was significantly higher after exercise in the heat (mean ± SEM: +251 ± 73 pg/mL) than the temperate (+75 ± 57 pg/mL) environment in both groups (p = 0.026). However, this elevation was not maintained during recovery.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000We showed that prolonged exercise in a temperate environment does not elicit a klotho response in either group. In contrast, despite lower resting klotho levels, the older men showed a similar exercise-induced increase in serum klotho response as their younger counterparts.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87521936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220304194539
N. Priyadarsini, Pranati Nanda, S. Devi, Subarna Mohapatra
Sarcopenia is an emerging clinical entity characterized by a gradual decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength that accompanies the normal aging process. It has been noted that sarcopenia is associated with various adverse health outcomes in the geriatric population like prolonged hospital admission, disability, poor quality of life, frailty, and mortality. Factors involved in the development of age-related sarcopenia include anorexia, alteration in the hormone levels, decreased neural innervation, low blood flow to the muscles, cytokine dysregulation, altered mitochondrial activity, genomic instability, intracellular proteolysis, and insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanism may help develop efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies which can improve the quality of life in elderly individuals. Thus, the objective of the present article is to review the literature regarding the mechanism involved in the development of sarcopenia in aged individuals.
{"title":"Sarcopenia: An Age-Related Multifactorial Disorder.","authors":"N. Priyadarsini, Pranati Nanda, S. Devi, Subarna Mohapatra","doi":"10.2174/1874609815666220304194539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609815666220304194539","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcopenia is an emerging clinical entity characterized by a gradual decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength that accompanies the normal aging process. It has been noted that sarcopenia is associated with various adverse health outcomes in the geriatric population like prolonged hospital admission, disability, poor quality of life, frailty, and mortality. Factors involved in the development of age-related sarcopenia include anorexia, alteration in the hormone levels, decreased neural innervation, low blood flow to the muscles, cytokine dysregulation, altered mitochondrial activity, genomic instability, intracellular proteolysis, and insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanism may help develop efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies which can improve the quality of life in elderly individuals. Thus, the objective of the present article is to review the literature regarding the mechanism involved in the development of sarcopenia in aged individuals.","PeriodicalId":11008,"journal":{"name":"Current aging science","volume":"382 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79935934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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