Current opinion in insect science最新文献

英文中文

Microbial, genetic, and urban drivers of ant invasions 蚂蚁入侵的微生物、基因和城市驱动因素。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101417

Wei-Jiun Lin , Po-Wei Hsu , Edward L Vargo , Chin-Cheng Scotty Yang

Invasive ants are among the most destructive invaders worldwide, causing ecological disruption, economic losses, and public health risks. While classic traits such as polygyny, colony budding, and supercoloniality are well-known contributors to their success, emerging research reveals a broader suite of mechanisms driving their invasiveness. This review synthesizes recent findings on the microbial, genetic, and behavioral factors that facilitate ant invasions. Microbial interactions play a crucial role; invasive ants often exhibit a loss of natural enemies, including microbial pathogens such as Wolbachia. However, Wolbachia has received growing attention for its potential mutualistic role in enhancing colony productivity and nutrient provisioning. The bridgehead effect, wherein invasive populations establish strategic hubs that facilitate secondary invasions, has been increasingly recognized as a key driver of global ant spread and may promote genetic intermixing among invasive lineages. Genetic mechanisms such as double clonality, sexually antagonistic selection, and tolerance to inbreeding help invasive ants maintain genetic diversity despite founding populations often consisting of relatively few individuals. Additionally, urban environments impose unique selective pressures that may lead to adaptations favoring success across all stages of the invasion process. This framework aligns with the Anthropogenically Induced Adaptation to Invade (AIAI) hypothesis and helps explain why many urban-adapted ants become globally invasive. As urbanization continues to expand, human-modified landscapes may inadvertently serve as breeding grounds for future invasive species. Understanding these multifaceted invasion dynamics provides critical insights for managing invasive ant populations and mitigating their widespread impacts.

入侵蚂蚁是世界上最具破坏性的入侵者之一，造成生态破坏、经济损失和公共卫生风险。虽然一夫多妻制、群体萌芽和超级殖民等经典特征是众所周知的成功因素，但新兴研究揭示了推动它们入侵的更广泛的机制。本文综述了促进蚂蚁入侵的微生物、遗传和行为因素方面的最新发现。微生物相互作用起着至关重要的作用；入侵蚂蚁经常表现出天敌的丧失，包括微生物病原体，如沃尔巴克氏体。然而，沃尔巴克氏体因其在提高菌落生产力和营养供给方面的潜在互惠作用而受到越来越多的关注。桥头堡效应，即入侵种群建立促进二次入侵的战略枢纽，已被越来越多地认为是全球蚂蚁传播的关键驱动因素，并可能促进入侵谱系之间的遗传混合。遗传机制，如双克隆、性对抗选择和对近亲繁殖的耐受，帮助入侵蚂蚁保持遗传多样性，尽管建立的种群通常由相对较少的个体组成。此外，城市环境施加了独特的选择压力，这可能导致在入侵过程的所有阶段都有利于成功的适应。这一框架与人类诱导的入侵适应（AIAI）假说一致，并有助于解释为什么许多适应城市的蚂蚁变得具有全球入侵性。随着城市化的不断扩大，人类改造的景观可能无意中成为未来入侵物种的繁殖地。了解这些多方面的入侵动态为管理入侵蚂蚁种群和减轻其广泛影响提供了关键的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Protecting honey bees through microbiome engineering 利用微生物组工程保护蜜蜂。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101416

Lucio Navarro-Escalante , A H M Zuberi Ashraf , Sean P Leonard , Jeffrey E Barrick

Honey bees are indispensable insects. Their pollination services support modern agriculture and natural ecosystems. Managed honey bee colonies face increasing threats to their survival, ranging from environmental stressors that include agrochemicals to infestations of arthropod pests and infections with microbial pathogens. Like humans, honey bees have a native gut microbiome that supports their health. However, the bee gut microbiome has a simpler composition than the gut microbiome of mammals, and its main constituent bacterial species can be easily cultured outside of the host. This experimental tractability and the need for new methods for protecting hive health have made honey bees a testbed for synthetic microbiomes augmented with probiotic bacteria and engineered DNA. Here, we discuss the natural benefits of bee gut bacteria, recent progress in genetically modifying these bacteria, and how symbiont-mediated RNA interference and other microbiome engineering approaches can boost bee immunity and suppress bee pathogens and parasites. Finally, we discuss how emerging methods for microbiome engineering and biocontainment could be applied to honey bees and used to address challenges in translating these proof-of-principle achievements into safe and effective technologies for field applications at scale.

蜜蜂是不可缺少的昆虫。它们的授粉服务支持现代农业和自然生态系统。管理的蜂群面临着越来越多的生存威胁，从包括农用化学品在内的环境压力因素到节肢动物害虫的侵扰和微生物病原体的感染。和人类一样，蜜蜂有天然的肠道微生物群来维持它们的健康。然而，蜜蜂肠道微生物群的组成比哺乳动物肠道微生物群更简单，其主要组成细菌种类可以很容易地在宿主体外培养。这种实验的可操作性和对保护蜂巢健康的新方法的需求使蜜蜂成为用益生菌和工程DNA增强的合成微生物组的试验台。在这里，我们讨论了蜜蜂肠道细菌的天然益处，基因改造这些细菌的最新进展，以及共生介导的RNA干扰和其他微生物组工程方法如何提高蜜蜂免疫力，抑制蜜蜂病原体和寄生虫。最后，我们讨论了微生物组工程和生物控制的新兴方法如何应用于蜜蜂，并用于解决将这些原理证明成果转化为大规模现场应用的安全有效技术的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances on hormones and behavior in vertebrates: inspiration for and from invertebrate science 脊椎动物的激素和行为的最新进展：来自无脊椎动物科学的启示。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101409

Luke Remage-Healey

This review, as part of an introduction to the special issue, has two goals: First, I consider the inspiration that vertebrate neuroendocrinologists continue to draw from foundational discoveries in invertebrate species for understanding neurohormone signaling and action. Second, I lay out select examples of recent advances in understanding hormones and behavior in vertebrates that might provide fodder for new methodological and/or conceptual advances for entomologists and others. Lastly, I provide some examples of recent efforts incorporating computational modeling that can help inspire ways to balance theoretical and empirical approaches to hormone and neuroendocrine science.

这篇综述，作为特刊导论的一部分，有两个目标：第一，我认为脊椎动物神经内分泌学家继续从无脊椎动物物种的基础发现中汲取灵感，以理解神经激素的信号传导和作用。其次，我列举了一些最近在理解脊椎动物的激素和行为方面取得进展的例子，这些例子可能为昆虫学家和其他人提供新的方法和/或概念进展的素材。最后，我提供了一些结合计算建模的最近努力的例子，这些例子可以帮助激发平衡激素和神经内分泌科学的理论和经验方法的方法。

引用次数: 0

Insect sex chromosome evolution: conservation, turnover, and mechanisms of dosage compensation 昆虫性染色体进化：保存、更新和剂量补偿机制。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101411

Melissa A Toups , Beatriz Vicoso

Sex chromosomes have evolved many times throughout the tree of life, and understanding what has shaped their unusual morphological, sequence, and regulatory features has been a long-standing goal. Most early insights into insect sex chromosome biology came from a few model species, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which limited broad-scale evolutionary inferences. More recently, extensive comparative genomics studies have uncovered several unexpected patterns, which we highlight in this review. First, we describe the conservation of the ancestral X chromosome over 450 million years but also its recurrent turnover (i.e. its reversal to an autosome when a new X chromosome arose) in at least one order. We then summarize classical and more recent findings on how insects modulate the expression of X-linked genes following the degradation of the Y chromosome and how the diverse mechanisms of dosage compensation identified may elucidate important principles of sex chromosome regulatory evolution.

性染色体在整个生命之树上进化了很多次，了解是什么塑造了它们不寻常的形态、序列和调节特征一直是一个长期的目标。大多数关于昆虫性染色体生物学的早期见解来自少数模式物种，如果蝇黑腹果蝇，这限制了大规模的进化推断。最近，广泛的比较基因组学研究发现了一些意想不到的模式，我们在这篇综述中强调。首先，我们描述了祖先X染色体超过4.5亿年的保存，但也描述了它在至少一个顺序上的周期性周转（即当新的X染色体出现时它向常染色体的逆转）。然后，我们总结了关于昆虫在Y染色体降解后如何调节x连锁基因表达的经典和最新发现，以及所确定的剂量补偿的多种机制如何阐明性染色体调节进化的重要原理。

引用次数: 0

Endosymbionts interacting with sex-determining genes and processes 与性别决定基因和过程相互作用的内共生生物。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101410

Laura C Fricke, Matthew D Villalta, Amelia RI Lindsey

Insects are rich in reproductive diversity and in maternally inherited symbionts. Maternal inheritance has selected for a suite of microbial mechanisms that enhance host fitness and skew sex ratios in favor of females. Recently, there has been significant progress in characterizing the genetic and cellular mechanisms that these maternally transmitted symbionts use to manipulate insect sex. Significant advances include the identification of specific microbial effector proteins that lead to male-killing, parthenogenesis, and feminization in a range of model and nonmodel insects. Many of these effectors target similar host processes, such as dosage compensation and the sex determination cascade that leads to sex-specific splicing of genes, including transformer and doublesex. The independent origins of these endosymbionts and their induced phenotypes facilitate an enhanced understanding of convergent evolution and offer opportunities to investigate the mechanisms driving insect reproductive diversity.

昆虫具有丰富的生殖多样性和母系遗传共生体。母体遗传选择了一套微生物机制来增强宿主的适应性，并使性别比例偏向于雌性。最近，在描述这些母体传播的共生体用来操纵昆虫性别的遗传和细胞机制方面取得了重大进展。重大进展包括在一系列模式和非模式昆虫中鉴定导致雄性杀死、孤雌生殖和雌性化的特定微生物效应蛋白。这些效应物中的许多靶向类似的宿主过程，如剂量补偿和性别决定级联，导致基因的性别特异性剪接，包括变性和双性。这些内共生体的独立起源及其诱导的表型有助于加强对趋同进化的理解，并为研究昆虫生殖多样性的驱动机制提供了机会。

引用次数: 0

Environmentally induced changes on tephritid fly behavior and physiology and their implications for management 环境诱导的麻蝇行为和生理变化及其对管理的影响。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101408

Martín Aluja, Larissa Guillén

We review literature on the interaction of the environment and the behavior/ecology of tephritid flies and dwell on how this knowledge can be used in their environmentally friendly management. We draw some examples from other insects, as it can serve as a roadmap for future research on fruit flies. We touch on barometric pressure, hormesis, epigenetics, cross-protection interactions, plasticity, chemoreception, host plant relationships, and gut microbiota; on the influence global change/warming is having in geographic and host range expansion; and on the physiological mechanisms flies use to cope with environmental stresses such as desiccation or heat/cold.

我们回顾了有关环境与绦虫行为/生态的相互作用的文献，并详细介绍了如何将这些知识用于其环境友好管理。我们从其他昆虫中选取了一些例子，因为它可以作为未来果蝇研究的路线图。我们涉及气压，激效，表观遗传学，交叉保护相互作用，可塑性，化学接受，寄主植物关系，肠道微生物群，以及全球变化/变暖对地理和寄主范围扩大的影响，以及苍蝇用来应对环境胁迫（如干燥或热/冷）的生理机制。

引用次数: 0

Dynamics and evolution of transposable elements in mosquito genomes 蚊子基因组转座因子的动态和进化。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101406

Josquin Daron, Alexander Bergman, Louis Lambrechts

Decoding mosquito genomes is essential for understanding their role as vectors of human pathogens. Transposable elements (TEs), once considered ‘junk DNA’, are now recognized as key drivers of genomic plasticity and evolution. These mobile DNA fragments are more abundant in culicine than anopheline mosquitoes, influencing their genome size and complexity. TEs may contribute to mosquito adaptation, influencing traits such as insecticide resistance and habitat expansion. Recent advances in long-read sequencing technologies and functional assays are uncovering TE dynamics, but challenges remain in measuring and manipulating their activity, which is critical to demonstrate their phenotypic effects. Further research into the environmental and biological conditions that activate TEs in mosquitoes, as well as the host mechanisms of TE regulation, such as small RNA pathways, will significantly enhance our understanding of mosquito biology.

破译蚊子基因组对于了解它们作为人类病原体媒介的作用至关重要。转座因子（te），曾经被认为是“垃圾DNA”，现在被认为是基因组可塑性和进化的关键驱动因素。这些可移动的DNA片段在烹饪中比按蚊更丰富，影响了它们的基因组大小和复杂性。TEs可能有助于蚊子适应，影响杀虫剂抗性和栖息地扩展等性状。长读测序技术和功能分析的最新进展揭示了TE动力学，但在测量和操纵其活性方面仍然存在挑战，这对于证明其表型效应至关重要。进一步研究激活蚊子体内TE的环境和生物条件，以及TE调控的宿主机制，如小RNA途径，将大大提高我们对蚊子生物学的认识。

引用次数: 0

Neuroendocrine control of insect aggression: do environmental stressors modulate aggressive behavior? 昆虫攻击的神经内分泌控制：环境压力源是否调节攻击行为？

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101407

Marlène Goubault , Alice Roux , Mathieu Bussy , Elizabeth A Tibbetts

Aggressive behavior is crucial for survival and reproductive success across the animal kingdom, enabling individuals to secure resources and protect against natural enemies. Aggressive behavior is also highly plastic, with animals quickly adjusting their aggression level in response to environmental and social context. Neuroendocrine systems govern this regulation. While the neuroendocrine mechanisms of aggression have been extensively studied in vertebrates, they remain underexplored in insects. Recent advances in analytical techniques have provided new opportunities to investigate these mechanisms with greater precision. This research is particularly timely as insects face an increasing number of environmental stressors, including anthropogenic factors, which disrupt their neuroendocrine systems. This review aims to highlight the roles of hormones (juvenile hormone, ecdysteroids) and biogenic amines (dopamine, tyramine, octopamine, serotonin) in regulating insect aggression, emphasizing recent advances. We further discuss how environmental stressors impact neuroendocrine pathways and the resulting implications for aggression, population stability, and ecosystem services.

在整个动物王国，攻击性行为对生存和繁殖的成功至关重要，使个体能够获得资源并抵御天敌。攻击行为也是高度可塑的，动物会根据环境和社会背景迅速调整攻击水平。神经内分泌系统控制着这种调节。虽然攻击的神经内分泌机制已经在脊椎动物中得到了广泛的研究，但它们在昆虫中的研究仍然不足。分析技术的最新进展为更精确地研究这些机制提供了新的机会。这项研究尤其及时，因为昆虫面临越来越多的环境压力，包括人为因素，这些压力会破坏它们的神经内分泌系统。本文综述了激素（幼激素、外皮甾体）和生物胺（多巴胺、酪胺、章鱼胺、血清素）在昆虫攻击调节中的作用，并重点介绍了近年来的研究进展。我们进一步讨论了环境压力因素如何影响神经内分泌通路，以及由此产生的对侵略、种群稳定性和生态系统服务的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The dose makes the poison: plant toxin concentrations and herbivore immunity against pathogens and parasitoids 剂量产生毒素：植物毒素浓度和草食动物对病原体和类寄生虫的免疫力。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101405

Paul J Ode , Enakshi Ghosh

Hormesis, the phenomenon in which low doses of toxins promote beneficial biological responses and higher doses compromise these responses, offers an underexplored framework for understanding herbivore eco-immunology. Here, we explore how insect herbivores might exploit plant secondary metabolites to enhance immune function. We propose that herbivores experience a ‘window of enhanced immunity,’ where toxins confer immune benefits at low concentrations, but suppress immune responses at higher concentrations. This concept bridges the interplay between bottom-up (plant defense) and top-down (natural enemy) pressures, providing insights into how herbivores balance challenges posed by exposure to plant toxins and exposure to their natural enemies. We discuss how both generalist and specialist herbivores navigate this balance, highlighting the evolutionary adaptations that influence their strategies. We suggest that the immune systems of specialist and generalist herbivores may both exhibit hormetic responses to plant toxins, although the shape of this relationship likely differs depending on their ability to detoxify and sequester plant toxins.

激效效应，即低剂量毒素促进有益的生物反应而高剂量毒素损害这些反应的现象，为理解草食动物生态免疫学提供了一个尚未被探索的框架。在这里，我们探讨昆虫食草动物如何利用植物次生代谢物来增强免疫功能。我们认为食草动物经历了一个“增强免疫力的窗口期”，即毒素在低浓度下赋予免疫益处，但在高浓度下抑制免疫反应。这个概念连接了自下而上（植物防御）和自上而下（天敌）压力之间的相互作用，为食草动物如何平衡暴露于植物毒素和暴露于天敌所带来的挑战提供了见解。我们讨论了通才食草动物和专才食草动物如何在这种平衡中生存，强调了影响它们策略的进化适应。我们认为，专业食草动物和通才食草动物的免疫系统都可能对植物毒素表现出过敏反应，尽管这种关系的形式可能因其解毒和隔离植物毒素的能力而异。

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引用次数: 0

tRNA expression and modifications as critical components in the biology of blood-feeding arthropods tRNA的表达和修饰是血食性节肢动物生物学的关键组成部分。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101404

Melissa Kelley , Patrick A Limbach , Joshua B Benoit

Alterations to the proteome are necessary for physiological processes in blood-feeding arthropods. To account for this, transfer RNA (tRNA) levels and chemical modifications are utilized for protein synthesis. Here, we discuss an overview of tRNA regulation in blood-feeding systems. This topic expands to host–microbial interactions as tRNA modifications require micronutrients acquired from symbionts and diet. Lastly, modifications are likely involved in the molecular dynamics between vectors and pathogens, which may impact transmission to vertebrate hosts. The tRNA levels and their modifications likely play crucial roles in the tripartite interaction between mosquitoes, their microbiome, and transmissable pathogens, providing a novel target to suppress the spread of mosquito-borne diseases.

蛋白质组的改变是血食性节肢动物生理过程所必需的。为了解释这一点，转移RNA （tRNA）水平和化学修饰被用于蛋白质合成。在这里，我们讨论了tRNA在供血系统中的调控概述。这个主题扩展到宿主-微生物的相互作用，因为修改需要从共生体和饮食中获得微量营养素。最后，修饰可能涉及媒介和病原体之间的分子动力学，这可能影响到脊椎动物宿主的传播。tRNA水平及其修饰可能在蚊子-微生物组-病原体之间的三方相互作用中发挥关键作用，为抑制病原体传播提供了新的靶点。

引用次数: 0

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