Death Studies最新文献

Insurgents' funerals play a significant role in the conflict between Turkey and the Kurdish insurgent group PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party) for both parties. This article examines the dual features of the insurgents' funerals. While the Kurdish population seeks to reintegrate the dead into larger narratives of the "Kurdish liberation movement" and use funerals as a site for mobilization, the regime portrays the social and political lives of the dead manifested in the funerals as a matter of security and integrates them into larger security discourses. Kurdish mayors and deputies were dismissed from office and imprisoned for organizing and attending these funerals, and even for publicly displaying grief. In this article, I demonstrate how the social and political life of the dead that survives the biological death can still remain in the language and practices of security, and argue that securitization of funerals have a broader implication of leaving no space for the Kurdish Question to exist except for the realm of security.

The integration of forensic knowledge and associated practices into a growing number of human rights and humanitarian investigations, as well as transitional justice processes has led some scholars to claim a "forensic turn." This turn is marked by the rise of forensic practices as "necro-governmental" technologies that seek to deliver certainty to the living and to the state so that a new political order can be created, a new future ushered in (Rojas-Perez, 2017, p. 19). Yet is the forensic turn truly globalized? Focusing on the cases of Timor-Leste and Sri Lanka, this article probes how states and citizens in these post-conflict settings are attempting to manage the unsettling indeterminacies of dead and missing bodies largely without recourse to forensic expertise. These cases shed light on the novel forms of necro-governmentality and alternative modes of local knowledge production that emerge in settings where there is a relative absence of forensic expertise. They also show how the necro-governmental project of fixing the meanings and identities of the dead (forensic or otherwise) is always ongoing, never fully or finally complete. This is because the unsettling indeterminacies of missing and dead bodies allow those bodies to be drawn into intimate practices of care and mourning and more public political projects that can resist attempts to close off their meanings.

Terror Management Theory posits that reminders of mortality increase support for cultural values and negative views toward transgressors. However, little research has investigated how mortality salience can influence individuals' perceptions of victims who have suffered differing moral misfortune types. This study explored how mortality salience and moral misfortune types affect the perceptions of victims. One hundred forty-three participants were exposed to either mortality or control manipulation and were given five victim scenarios based on five moral foundations: harm, fairness, purity, loyalty, and authority. Participants rated the deservingness of help for the victim in each scenario. The results indicated that harm and purity transgressions elicited more help, while conservative individuals viewed purity victims less favorably under mortality salience. This suggests that mortality salience influences victim perceptions based on moral context. This study illustrates how mortality salience can shape perceptions of victim's deservingness.

Parents who experience the trauma of losing an only child are called "shidu" parents in China. There are individual differences in post-loss outcomes.1,061 Chinese shidu parents were asked to complete questionnaires assessing prolonged grief, post-traumatic stress, and depressive symptoms. The mean age of the sample was 59.68 (SD = 7.52), with the average time since the loss was 9.46 years (SD = 7.05). Most participants were female (62.3%). The main cause of the loss was an unnatural case (52.7%). Latent profile analysis was used to identify similar symptom patterns. Network analysis was used to explore the relationships among symptoms within different subgroups. A two-profile model based on symptom severity identified a "low symptom severity" subgroup (n = 419) and a "high symptom severity" subgroup (n = 642). In the low symptom severity subgroup network, the most central symptoms were loss of interest, feeling numb, and meaninglessness. In the high symptom severity subgroup network, the most central symptoms were physiological cue reactivity, emotional pain, and feeling easily startled. Individual differences in the post-loss outcomes of Chinese shidu parents are reflected not only in symptom patterns but also in the relationships among symptoms.

Suicidal behaviors are a significant concern in Latin American countries. However, validated scales in Brazil do not address all behaviors on the suicide spectrum. We aimed to adapt the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) for Brazil. The SBQ-R was independently translated, back-translated, and evaluated by experts-two thousand eight hundred ninety-eight participants (68.30% women; M = 27.42; A = 18-69) from Brazil. The SBQ-R items presented adequate reliability (ω = .86). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the construct validity (χ²(df) = 52.707(2), p<.001; CFI = .997; TLI = .992; RMSEA = .052; SRMR = .024). Multigroup CFA indicated that the SBQ-R is invariant for gender, sexual orientation, race, and education level. The SBQ-R has convergent validity for depression (r = 0.61), anxiety (r = 0.49), stress (r = 0.49), impulsivity (r = 0.40), hopelessness (r = 0.60) and divergent validity, with gender and sexual minorities showing higher levels of suicidal behaviors. The Brazilian SBQ-R is designated for use by Brazilian adults. Future studies must investigate the predictive validity of the SBQ-R in clinical samples.

The loss of a significant person can lead to a broad spectrum of responses. While most individuals gradually recover within a year, a minority develop Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). The Traumatic Grief Inventory Self-Report Plus (TGI-SR+) was recently developed to ensure that the original scale (TGI-SR) still accurately assesses PGD in line with the latest diagnostic standards of the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11. This study aimed to validate the TGI-SR+ within two French-speaking cohorts: 276 French-Canadian and 469 Belgian participants. Data were collected through an online survey in 2022. Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a 4-factor model for the TGI-SR+ total scale, but high inter-item correlations favored a 1-factor solution. A 1-factor model was found for the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 PGD scores. Convergent validity with mental health disorder, depression, and post-traumatic growth, and known-group validity were confirmed. The findings endorse the TGI-SR+ as a valid tool for detecting potential PGD.

In Australia, nearly half of university students report high levels of distress during their studies. Bereavement increases a student's risk of mood changes, eating disorders, suicide, poorer academic achievement, and attrition. We used an online, quantitative, cross-sectional survey to investigate the prevalence of bereaved students in Australian universities and differences between bereaved and non-bereaved university students' mental well-being, university connectedness, current grade average, and support experiences. Findings indicated 22.3% of students experienced bereavement in the previous 24 months. Bereaved students had higher ratings of perceived social support than non-bereaved peers. There were no significant differences in mental well-being, grade averages, and university connectedness once sex, living arrangements, enrolment type (full/part-time), and religious affiliation were controlled. Bereaved students who continued their studies showed resilience and a preference for social support. Findings present a rationale for universities to harness resources to support bereaved students throughout their studies to promote engagement and retention.

Insecure attachment styles have been linked to an increased risk for suicidality, functioning as a distal risk factor for suicide behaviors in adulthood. Studies on the subject are numerous, but heterogeneous in methodology. This study aimed to sensibly group study findings and quantify the magnitude of this relationship. We performed a systematic literature search to select studies investigating insecure adult attachment styles and suicidal ideation and attempt, and present quantitative data that could be pooled into a meta-analysis. Six random-effect meta-analyses were performed, comprising 47 studies with 50,214 individuals. A small effect size association was found for the relationship between suicidal ideation and insecure attachment styles (anxious, avoidant, and fearful); similar findings were found for the relationship between suicide attempt and insecure attachment (Pearson's r ranged from 0.16 to 0.26, all ps <0.05). The type of attachment measure moderated the association of suicidal ideation with anxious and avoidant attachment.

This review has been preregistered at The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) - Registration number CRD42023401459.

The paper deals with the effects of the regulations and restrictions on the handling of corpses and funerals among Zimbabwean migrant families who lost relatives in South Africa during the COVID-19 epidemic in the years 2020 and 2021. Interviews were conducted with members of this migrant community. The interviews revealed a range of affective and material dimensions entangled in these multiple losses, highlighting therefore experiences of truncated grief. Restrictions on funerals and burials forced immobility on the living and their dead; on bereaved communities, themselves and their corpses are forms of biopower that multiplied losses among cross-border migrant communities. The loss of autonomy of communities around death rituals and burial places constitute realms where the materiality of death is revealed. I look at both the loss of human life and the emotional losses associated with the limitations imposed on the dead body under COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the emotional impact of losing a loved one, deteriorating well-being, and increasing dysphoric symptoms in mourners. This study evaluated the efficacy of COVID Grief, a self-applied online cognitive-behavioral intervention for Mexican adults facing grief during the pandemic. We conducted a randomized clinical trial, enrolling 1,109 participants, 45 of whom completed the full intervention, and 69 of whom completed the waiting list control (WLC). Between-subject analysis showed that intervention group (IG) participants reported significantly higher satisfaction with life and quality of life and a reduction in depression, anxiety and stress levels compared to those in the WLC. Within-subjects analysis showed that IG presented no significant changes in satisfaction with life, whereas the quality of life was increased, and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were reduced after treatment. For WLC, satisfaction with life and quality of life were significantly decreased, and symptoms of depression and anxiety -but not stress symptoms- increased after the waitlist. Completer's opinions of the treatment were highly positive, although they only represent 5% of participants who accessed the intervention. High dropout rates should be addressed in future studies.