Death Studies最新文献

On April 18, 2015, a fishing vessel was shipwrecked between Libya and Italy. The tragedy was the result of Italian and European border policies. More than 1,100 people (from across Africa and the Indian subcontinent) lost their lives in the vessel, making it the largest recorded civilian massacre to have occurred in the Mediterranean Sea. Beyond the huge number of dead, what distinguishes the shipwreck are the processes of the "translation" of its human and material remains, involving their displacement, material transformation and re-signification. In this paper, I summarize these processes in four stages, intertwining the vessel and the bodies of those who died inside it: their exhumation, naming, wake (whether artistic or forensic) and, finally, burial. By analyzing the work of translating the boat and bodies, and exploring what can be expressed through their different materialities, I show their intense social and political life, which led various actors involved to claim ownership over mourning. By delineating the mirrored relationship between the bodies and the boat, this article demonstrates the contribution death studies can make to the analysis of migration debris on the one hand, and, on the other, how tracing the social life of boats in the aftermath of migrant shipwrecks can enrich an analysis of the political life of border deaths.

Suicidal ideation signals a higher suicide risk, particularly among teachers, affecting their well-being and impacting student development and academic success. This study, the first to use standardized measures with Spanish teachers, examines suicidal ideation among 1,251 educators from 107 schools. It analyzes suicidal thoughts and their associated risk and protective factors using a cross-sectional design. Results show an 18.86% prevalence of suicidal ideation, with 12.39% occurring in females. Anxiety and depression may act as risk factors, while emotional intelligence and resilience might serve as protective factors in identifying teachers with and without suicidal thoughts. The analyses identified four clusters based on suicidal ideation severity and psychological traits, indicating a need for enhanced targeted interventions. Main limitations include the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, and the lack of a broader perspective on sociocultural variables. Evidence highlights the need for tailored interventions to reduce teachers' suicidal thoughts and improve their well-being.

The study investigated the effect of grief cognitions on grief and meaning reconstruction levels and explored how sociodemographic factors and loss-related variables relate to these outcomes, using a sample of 155 older bereaved spouses in Türkiye. The sample for the study, which used a relational screening model, consisted of 155 participants aged 60 and over from Çankaya district of Ankara. Data were collected using the socio-demographic information form, the grief cognition questionnaire, and the grief and meaning reconstruction inventory. Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlations between variables, and multiple and hierarchical regression analyses were performed to ascertain the predictors of the scales. The analysis revealed a negative correlation between grief cognitions and grief and meaning reconstruction levels. Expectedness of death and the time elapsed since the spouse's death were predictors of both grief cognitions and levels of grief and meaning reconstruction.

Insurgents' funerals play a significant role in the conflict between Turkey and the Kurdish insurgent group PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party) for both parties. This article examines the dual features of the insurgents' funerals. While the Kurdish population seeks to reintegrate the dead into larger narratives of the "Kurdish liberation movement" and use funerals as a site for mobilization, the regime portrays the social and political lives of the dead manifested in the funerals as a matter of security and integrates them into larger security discourses. Kurdish mayors and deputies were dismissed from office and imprisoned for organizing and attending these funerals, and even for publicly displaying grief. In this article, I demonstrate how the social and political life of the dead that survives the biological death can still remain in the language and practices of security, and argue that securitization of funerals have a broader implication of leaving no space for the Kurdish Question to exist except for the realm of security.

The association between child loss and frailty has rarely been explored. This study aimed to examine the association between child loss and frailty, with attention to variations by the timing and frequency of the loss. Data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 11,189 participants aged 45 and above. The impact of child loss on frailty was assessed through linear mixed models, and mediation analysis was conducted with the Karlson-Holm-Breen method. Results indicated that bereaved parents exhibited higher frailty levels than non-bereaved parents. The effect of child loss on frailty varied by the timing of the loss and followed a dose-response relationship. Mediation analysis revealed that life satisfaction and social engagement mediated this relationship. Moreover, mothers experienced a faster progression of frailty than fathers following child loss. These findings show that child loss predicts frailty and call for early intervention.

When a loved one dies, some grievers report experiencing phenomena for which no rational explanation seems to exist. This qualitative study, based on a secondary analysis of interview data, aimed to contribute to a deeper understanding of the value and meaning of unexplainable grief experiences for 23 parents who lost a child to cancer and to integrate these insights into bereavement support. Many cancer-bereaved parents had a variety of unexplainable experiences, and none of them gave the impression that they had to hide or suppress these experiences because of perceived stigma. Although these experiences, as a form of continuing bonds, seemed to alleviate the grieving process, their impact on bereaved parents was often bittersweet. To improve grief support to bereaved families, healthcare practitioners should be aware of how the need or desire for such unexplainable experiences interacts with parents' concerns about how to sustain their child's memory.

Background: Several instruments have been developed to measure Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). However, the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+) is one of the few that measures PGD according to diagnostic criteria-sets defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Text-revised Fifth Edition (DSM-5-TR) and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). The TGI-SR+ has been validated in several languages. However, it has not been validated yet Peruvian.

Objective: This research evaluated the psychometric properties of the Peruvian TGI-SR+.

Method: The sample consisted of 516 Peruvians who had lost a loved one ≥ 6 months ago. For DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 PGD items separately, we examined the factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, known-groups validity, and determined optimal cutoff scores to identify probable PGD caseness.

Results: A one-factor model fit the data best for the DSM-5-TR PGD items, however the fit was not acceptable for the ICD-11 PGD items. Although some items showed low factor loadings across both sets, internal consistency was good. Convergent validity was established through strong correlations between DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 PGD levels and measures of posttraumatic stress and depression. Known-groups validity was partially supported, with DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 PGD intensity relating to both the cause of death and the kinship to the deceased. The optimal cutoff score for identifying probable DSM-5-TR is ≥ 70 and for the ICD-11 PGD is ≥ 76 using the total TGI-SR+ score.

Conclusion: This study represents the first validation of the TGI-SR+ in Latin America, contributing to the understanding of bereavement in the Global South. The Peruvian TGI-SR+ demonstrates to be a reliable and valid measure to assess DSM-5-TR PGD and ICD-11 PGD severity.

This study compares how death awareness-specifically death anxiety and death reflection-differentially influences prosocial behavior, examining its underlying mechanisms. Using prosocial tendencies, public goods games (PGG), and actual donation behaviors as indicators, two studies (a survey and lab experiment) examined the mediating role of value orientations. The results demonstrated that death anxiety decreases individuals' prosocial tendencies and behaviors, whereas death reflection increases them. This impact operated through a dual-pathway mediating mechanism: self-enhancement values mediated the effect of death anxiety, whereas self-transcendence values mediated the effect of death reflection. The donation context moderated the two mediating pathways; participants experiencing death anxiety donated less in an anonymous (vs. public) donation context, while the opposite pattern emerged for those engaging in death reflection. This study revealed the positive and negative mechanisms through which death awareness influences prosocial behavior, providing further evidence for the potentially positive impact of death awareness.

The present study aimed to analyze the symptoms of grief-related functional impairment using network analysis in 1,909 individuals who had experienced the death of a loved one across six Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. The Grief Impairment Scale (GIS) was used to assess symptoms of grief-related functional impairment. The bootnet package was employed to estimate a general network, the Strength index was used to estimate centrality. The results indicated that difficulties in establishing meaningful relationships were the most central symptom in the total sample. However, a more specific analysis revealed that in Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, difficulties in establishing meaningful relationships were the most relevant node; in El Salvador, the inability to fulfill responsibilities was central; whereas in Uruguay and Paraguay, centrality was concentrated on difficulties in cognitive processes. Moreover, network comparisons across countries indicated that, overall, the networks of grief-related functional impairment symptoms in the six countries were invariant.

Public attitudes surrounding support for or opposition to physician-assisted death (PAD) have largely been examined through broad factors such as religiosity. While religious beliefs undoubtedly play a role, we contend that existential lay beliefs, such as free will and scientific determinism, offer additional explanatory value. Across four studies (N = 1,548), utilizing both university and Prolific samples, we found mostly consistent evidence that free will beliefs were negatively associated with PAD support, whereas scientific determinism beliefs were positively associated. A mini-meta-analysis supported these patterns. Importantly, partial correlations across studies indicated that these associations held even after accounting religiosity. To explain these relationships, we proposed and found support for two psychological mechanisms: meaning-making expectations and perceived target mattering. Although limited to cross-sectional correlational data, these findings provide preliminary evidence that existential lay beliefs may shape attitudes toward PAD.