Death Studies最新文献

As little attention has been paid to dysphemism in death-related discourse, the goal of this study is to analyze the dysphemistic language in a sample of funeral cards, i.e., personalized keepsakes distributed at memorial or funeral services, of Nationalist Spaniards, including both combatants and civilians, who were killed in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and, by doing so, have access to the motivations and purposes underlying dysphemistic use in wartime funeral cards. The inductive, "bottom-up" analysis carried out demonstrates that dysphemism is used to express a negative evaluation of the political enemy through intense and emotionally charged language that refers to the cause and circumstances of the death, on the one hand, and to those responsible for the death, on the other. In this way, dysphemism creates a narrative atmosphere charged with contempt and hatred toward the political enemy and thus becomes a strategic tool of ideological propaganda.

This study aims to explore the collective grief manifested on the first anniversary of the earthquake that occurred in Türkiye on February 6, 2023, through the analysis of 10,000 posts on platform X. Designed with qualitative methodology, thematic analysis was conducted, revealing two main themes: "collective grief as a ground for social solidarity" and "politicization of collective grief." The results indicated that the sharing of emotions as well as rituals, commemoration ceremonies, etc. made collective grief a ground for social solidarity, collective sense-making, and healing. Likewise, the public's positive or negative reactions to the government's disaster management emerged as one of the factors politicizing the grief. The reactions to the Syrians and Hatay's people reveal the public's perception of "the subject of grief" and "acceptable grief practices." The study's main recommendations include but are not limited to, increasing infrastructure work, and developing psycho-social support and social cohesion services.

A rapidly growing literature highlights a critical need for targeted suicide prevention and risk mitigation strategies for veterans navigating the military-to-civilian transition. Although various risk correlates of suicidal thoughts and behavior among transitioning veterans have been identified, how and why these correlates occur and interact to affect suicidality remains unclear. Guided by the 3 Step Theory of Suicide, 10 recently discharged United States military veterans with a history of post-discharge suicide thoughts, urges, or behaviors completed interviews on the military-to-civilian transition and suicidal thoughts and behaviors occurring during this time. Thematic analysis highlighted an overarching theme of transition whiplash comprising four subthemes: unpreparedness, economic vulnerability, identity disruption, and social alienation. Veterans' recommendations for improving suicide-prevention efforts included providing a primary contact to provide personalized support and guidance throughout transition and increasing accessibility of peer support. Results provide nuanced insight into experiences that may underlie suicide risk during the military-to-civilian transition.

This study explores the experiences of bereaved siblings in Israel, examining how different causes of death affect their psychological well-being. We recruited three groups of siblings who lost loved ones as a result of military service, terrorism, or civilian circumstances. A total of 159 bereaved siblings completed questionnaires measuring complications of grief (CG), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and world assumptions. Results indicated that siblings who experienced civilian loss exhibited the highest prevalence of CG, while no significant differences in PTSD levels were observed across the groups. Both CG and PTSD were associated with the world assumptions regarding the benevolence of the world and sense of self-worth. The study also examined how demographic variables influence siblings' well-being and coping with loss. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of recognizing the unique experiences of bereaved siblings and underscore the necessity of tailored support to address their individualized needs.

Numerous tools assess death anxiety, but many have questionable psychometric properties. The Death Anxiety Beliefs and Behaviors Scale (DABBS) addresses these shortcomings, assessing death-related maladaptive affect, beliefs, and behaviors that could be foundational to fears associated with death. We translated the DABBS into Persian and examined its psychometric properties among Iranian adolescents (n = 598, M_age = 14.80, range = 12-18 years old). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the intended three-factor structure that comprises death-related affect, beliefs, and behaviors. Furthermore, the DABBS demonstrated good internal consistency, as well as expected associations with other measures of death anxiety and psychopathology measures, except that the Behaviors subscale unexpectedly did not relate to theoretically relevant constructs. Our findings indicate that the DABBS affect and belief subscales have strong psychometric properties among Iranian adolescents. However, further research is needed to elucidate whether the overall DABBS score demonstrates improved validity when used with other populations.

Documentary archives, human remains, and witness testimony are often critical to transitional justice court proceedings and peace-building projects after mass violence. But what happens when those forms of evidence are missing? Can art stand in for the dead? Considering the use of art in Vann Nath's testimony in the trial of Kaing Guek Eav (Duch) in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, in this paper, I argue that in the first case for the ECCC, Vann Nath's art performed a similar role to that of human remains in other trials, providing evidence and proof of human rights violations including torture, cruel and inhuman treatment, arbitrary detention, and mass killing, while also activating affect (drawing on Hughes). As such, it provided a form of social proof, in a way similar to the human remains retained from the genocide and displayed across Cambodia. Both human remains and art draw on materiality and emotion as a means of proving violence. Positioning it as such prompts a reconsideration of the role of art in transitional justice: as well as being needed in cases where other visual evidence does not exist, art, with its ability to mobilize and communicate linguistically incommunicable affect, can be part of the evidentiary infrastructure in and of itself. Considering the place of art in trials after mass violence makes us rethink what evidence is and does. Ultimately, my argument is that to those who survive genocide or other mass violence social proof of atrocities, as provided by art, is as important as evidence deemed legally admissible to court.

The issue of medically-assisted dying in pediatric care, including euthanasia and deep sedation, is ethically complex. Despite its relevance, no research has applied Information Integration Theory to evaluate the acceptability of these practices in pediatric care, which is what we did in the present study. A sample of 166 French laypeople read 54 scenarios involving end-of-life situations involving children and assessed the acceptability of a physician's decision in each one. Scenarios included four factors: child's discernment capacity, child's request to die, parental consent, and physician's action. Parental consent and the child's request were the most influential factors in respondents' judgments, followed by the child's discernment and physician's action. Cluster analysis revealed four groups: "Situation-dependent," "Always acceptable," "Not acceptable except in rare circumstances," and "Parental consent." Most people were sensitive to situational factors influencing the acceptability of children's medically assisted dying.

Systematic collection of outcome measures within suicide bereavement support is vital in building the sector's evidence base. However, there is currently limited understanding around the appropriate and sensitive use of outcome measures. Following the scoping review methodology, a literature review was undertaken to map how programs and interventions that assist individuals bereaved by suicide or other sudden, traumatic deaths gather outcome measures. The search strategy identified 1145 papers, of which 49 met the inclusion criteria. The review identified many ways that outcomes are captured, with custom tools being commonplace. Among standardized tools, the Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) emerged as frequently used. Most articles provided some form of justification for their chosen outcome measure methodology, often citing psychometric robustness over consideration of the impact on service users. The review underscores the need for careful consideration when selecting outcome measure tools or approaches in sudden death bereavement interventions.

Coping strategies are key adjustable elements mediating the relationship between risk factors and grief outcomes. It is essential to assess coping correctly. Scales based on the Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement have tended to confuse coping strategies and symptoms. The Coping with Bereavement Questionnaire was created to address such shortcomings. This article uses two datasets from Belgian studies to assess the applicability of the items as well as the factor structure of the scale. Logistic regressions revealed nine items as less applicable to a more diverse bereaved sample than people who lost their intimate partner, leading to their exclusion. Factor analyses revealed and confirmed a three-factor structure of coping strategies describing the bereaved's efforts to (1) accept the death and look to the future, (2) avoid thoughts and feelings, and (3) maintain the bond with the deceased. Theoretical issues related to the DPM are discussed.

This paper examines the aftermath of the Philippine government's anti-drug campaign under President Rodrigo Duterte, focusing on the impact on families of victims of extrajudicial killings (EJKs). Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Manila, the research explores how these families navigate loss and attempt to reclaim dignity and humanity for their loved ones. The study reveals the formation of a community of "necro-activists" comprising journalists, religious figures, and medical professionals who support victims' families in seeking justice and remembrance. Through interviews with photojournalists and victims' families. This paper highlights the transformative role of human remains in asserting the victims' agency beyond death. The research shows how forensic processes and religious rituals contribute to the reclamation of individual identities and challenge the state's dehumanizing narratives. By examining the evolving meanings of EJK victims' remains, this study sheds light on the broader socio-political implications of state violence and memory-making in the Philippines. The analysis situates this research within a global context of human rights and memory studies, drawing parallels with other regions affected by state-sponsored violence. Ultimately, this paper argues that the remains of EJK victims serve as powerful symbols that challenge state impunity and embody the resilience of communities seeking accountability and dignity amid pervasive violence.