Death Studies最新文献

The loss of a significant person can lead to a broad spectrum of responses. While most individuals gradually recover within a year, a minority develop Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). The Traumatic Grief Inventory Self-Report Plus (TGI-SR+) was recently developed to ensure that the original scale (TGI-SR) still accurately assesses PGD in line with the latest diagnostic standards of the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11. This study aimed to validate the TGI-SR+ within two French-speaking cohorts: 276 French-Canadian and 469 Belgian participants. Data were collected through an online survey in 2022. Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a 4-factor model for the TGI-SR+ total scale, but high inter-item correlations favored a 1-factor solution. A 1-factor model was found for the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 PGD scores. Convergent validity with mental health disorder, depression, and post-traumatic growth, and known-group validity were confirmed. The findings endorse the TGI-SR+ as a valid tool for detecting potential PGD.

In Australia, nearly half of university students report high levels of distress during their studies. Bereavement increases a student's risk of mood changes, eating disorders, suicide, poorer academic achievement, and attrition. We used an online, quantitative, cross-sectional survey to investigate the prevalence of bereaved students in Australian universities and differences between bereaved and non-bereaved university students' mental well-being, university connectedness, current grade average, and support experiences. Findings indicated 22.3% of students experienced bereavement in the previous 24 months. Bereaved students had higher ratings of perceived social support than non-bereaved peers. There were no significant differences in mental well-being, grade averages, and university connectedness once sex, living arrangements, enrolment type (full/part-time), and religious affiliation were controlled. Bereaved students who continued their studies showed resilience and a preference for social support. Findings present a rationale for universities to harness resources to support bereaved students throughout their studies to promote engagement and retention.

Insecure attachment styles have been linked to an increased risk for suicidality, functioning as a distal risk factor for suicide behaviors in adulthood. Studies on the subject are numerous, but heterogeneous in methodology. This study aimed to sensibly group study findings and quantify the magnitude of this relationship. We performed a systematic literature search to select studies investigating insecure adult attachment styles and suicidal ideation and attempt, and present quantitative data that could be pooled into a meta-analysis. Six random-effect meta-analyses were performed, comprising 47 studies with 50,214 individuals. A small effect size association was found for the relationship between suicidal ideation and insecure attachment styles (anxious, avoidant, and fearful); similar findings were found for the relationship between suicide attempt and insecure attachment (Pearson's r ranged from 0.16 to 0.26, all ps <0.05). The type of attachment measure moderated the association of suicidal ideation with anxious and avoidant attachment.

This review has been preregistered at The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) - Registration number CRD42023401459.

The paper deals with the effects of the regulations and restrictions on the handling of corpses and funerals among Zimbabwean migrant families who lost relatives in South Africa during the COVID-19 epidemic in the years 2020 and 2021. Interviews were conducted with members of this migrant community. The interviews revealed a range of affective and material dimensions entangled in these multiple losses, highlighting therefore experiences of truncated grief. Restrictions on funerals and burials forced immobility on the living and their dead; on bereaved communities, themselves and their corpses are forms of biopower that multiplied losses among cross-border migrant communities. The loss of autonomy of communities around death rituals and burial places constitute realms where the materiality of death is revealed. I look at both the loss of human life and the emotional losses associated with the limitations imposed on the dead body under COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the emotional impact of losing a loved one, deteriorating well-being, and increasing dysphoric symptoms in mourners. This study evaluated the efficacy of COVID Grief, a self-applied online cognitive-behavioral intervention for Mexican adults facing grief during the pandemic. We conducted a randomized clinical trial, enrolling 1,109 participants, 45 of whom completed the full intervention, and 69 of whom completed the waiting list control (WLC). Between-subject analysis showed that intervention group (IG) participants reported significantly higher satisfaction with life and quality of life and a reduction in depression, anxiety and stress levels compared to those in the WLC. Within-subjects analysis showed that IG presented no significant changes in satisfaction with life, whereas the quality of life was increased, and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were reduced after treatment. For WLC, satisfaction with life and quality of life were significantly decreased, and symptoms of depression and anxiety -but not stress symptoms- increased after the waitlist. Completer's opinions of the treatment were highly positive, although they only represent 5% of participants who accessed the intervention. High dropout rates should be addressed in future studies.

This study examined the experiences of loss among bereaved adults, and the association between loss-related factors and mental health outcomes. Participants were 2023 bereaved adults from the United Kingdom and Ireland who completed measures of their bereavement experiences and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization. The highest proportion of participants and those at greatest risk of meeting criteria for all disorders were those with less time since loss, who were in contact with the deceased every day or not at all in the year prior to their death, experienced sudden unnatural death, and those who lost a partner/spouse or a child. Age of the deceased was negatively correlated with meeting criteria for depression, anxiety, and somatization. Overall, depression, anxiety, and somatization were common in the bereaved population. Identifying key loss-related variables-such as time since bereavement and nature of death-will help target those needing urgent psychological support.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior in adolescence are global mental health concerns. These behaviors are often interconnected, but can also manifest independently. This study aimed to assess the predictive abilities of neuroticism, emotional competencies, and the school social climate on four typologies based on the presence of NSSI and levels of suicidal behavior. The study included 713 participants aged 11-16 years who completed questionnaires assessing suicidal behavior, NSSI, neuroticism, emotional competencies, and the school social climate. The data were analyzed using logistic regression techniques. The findings revealed that adolescents with high levels of neuroticism and emotion perception, low levels of emotion expression and regulation and an inadequate school social climate were more likely to belong to typologies characterized by NSSI and/or high suicidal behavior. This study underscores the importance of enhancing the school social climate as a crucial step toward reducing the likelihood of NSSI and suicidal behavior.

Suicidal ideation signals a higher suicide risk, particularly among teachers, affecting their well-being and impacting student development and academic success. This study, the first to use standardized measures with Spanish teachers, examines suicidal ideation among 1,251 educators from 107 schools. It analyzes suicidal thoughts and their associated risk and protective factors using a cross-sectional design. Results show an 18.86% prevalence of suicidal ideation, with 12.39% occurring in females. Anxiety and depression may act as risk factors, while emotional intelligence and resilience might serve as protective factors in identifying teachers with and without suicidal thoughts. The analyses identified four clusters based on suicidal ideation severity and psychological traits, indicating a need for enhanced targeted interventions. Main limitations include the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, and the lack of a broader perspective on sociocultural variables. Evidence highlights the need for tailored interventions to reduce teachers' suicidal thoughts and improve their well-being.

The study investigated the effect of grief cognitions on grief and meaning reconstruction levels and explored how sociodemographic factors and loss-related variables relate to these outcomes, using a sample of 155 older bereaved spouses in Türkiye. The sample for the study, which used a relational screening model, consisted of 155 participants aged 60 and over from Çankaya district of Ankara. Data were collected using the socio-demographic information form, the grief cognition questionnaire, and the grief and meaning reconstruction inventory. Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlations between variables, and multiple and hierarchical regression analyses were performed to ascertain the predictors of the scales. The analysis revealed a negative correlation between grief cognitions and grief and meaning reconstruction levels. Expectedness of death and the time elapsed since the spouse's death were predictors of both grief cognitions and levels of grief and meaning reconstruction.

Compassionate communities are gaining momentum as a new public health approach emphasizing community support during times of serious illness, death, and bereavement. However, evidence on their development, particularly in higher education, is limited. This study investigates the development of a Compassionate University, examining the underlying processes and contextual factors shaping its development. A longitudinal process evaluation was conducted, using field notes right-now surveys, individual interviews, focus groups, and strategic learning debriefs. Factors that facilitated the development process included leadership support, the establishment of the Compassionate Schools Learning Network, and alignment with existing university programs. Barriers were the lack of guiding examples, the fragmented university environment, resource constraints, and limited prioritization. Cognitive and social processes that supported the work involved recognizing the value of Compassionate University and adapting implementation strategies based on empirical feedback. However, challenges such as building coherence, engaging stakeholders, and assessing the work hampered the development process.