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Rosacea-like eruptions associated with upadacitinib in atopic dermatitis: two case reports and management strategies. 特应性皮炎与upadacitinib相关的红斑痤疮样爆发:两个病例报告和管理策略。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10193
Claudia Paganini, Edoardo Mortato, Lorenzo Tofani, Alfredo Belcastro, Marina Talamonti, Cosimo Di Raimondo, Luca Bianchi, Marco Galluzzo

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease often requiring systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe cases. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, including upadacitinib, have emerged as effective options, targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in AD pathogenesis. However, adverse dermatologic reactions, such as rosacea-like eruptions, have been observed, potentially linked to immune pathway modulation. This report describes two patients with severe AD who achieved complete disease clearance with upadacitinib but developed rosacealike eruptions. Both cases required discontinuation of the drug and treatment with antibiotics, which resolved the symptoms. However, withdrawal led to AD flares in one patient, necessitating the reintroduction of upadacitinib at a reduced dose combined with prophylactic antibiotics. These cases underscore the efficacy of JAK inhibitors while highlighting the challenge of managing adverse effects. Individualized treatment approaches, including dose adjustments and adjunctive therapies, are essential for balancing AD control and tolerability. Further research is needed to optimize the management of these reactions.

特应性皮炎(AD)是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病,中重度病例通常需要全身治疗。Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂,包括upadacitinib,已经成为一种有效的选择,靶向参与AD发病机制的促炎细胞因子。然而,不良的皮肤反应,如酒渣鼻样的皮疹,已经被观察到,可能与免疫途径调节有关。本报告描述了两例严重AD患者,他们使用upadacitinib完全清除了疾病,但出现了酒渣鼻样的爆发。这两种情况都需要停药并使用抗生素治疗,从而解决了症状。然而,停药导致一名患者AD发作,需要重新引入减少剂量的upadacitinib并联合预防性抗生素。这些病例强调了JAK抑制剂的疗效,同时也强调了管理不良反应的挑战。个体化治疗方法,包括剂量调整和辅助治疗,对于平衡AD控制和耐受性至关重要。需要进一步的研究来优化这些反应的管理。
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引用次数: 0
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by iodinated contrast media: a case report. 碘造影剂致急性全身性脓疱病1例。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10217
Maisa Alfalah, Yara Alotaibi, Atheer Alotaibi, Raghad Alharthi

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare pustular eruption commonly triggered by drugs. It is characterized by acute onset of pustules on erythematous-edematous skin and often presents with fever. This report describes AGEP following exposure to iodinated contrast media (ICM), specifically iobitridol, in a 68-year-old male with multiple comorbidities. The patient developed characteristic erythematous patches with pustules on the body after initial CT imaging with ICM for a prostate abscess. Histological findings and recurrence following re-exposure confirmed AGEP, which was attributed to ICM. This case emphasizes the need for awareness of ICM as a potential trigger for AGEP. Management included topical steroids and antihistamines, resulting in a rapid recovery.

摘要急性泛发性脓疱病(AGEP)是一种罕见的由药物引起的脓疱。它的特点是急性发作的脓疱在红肿的皮肤上,经常表现为发烧。本报告描述了一名68岁男性患者暴露于碘造影剂(ICM),特别是碘比妥后的AGEP,并伴有多种合并症。患者在最初的ICM前列腺脓肿CT成像后出现特征性红斑斑块和脓疱。组织学结果和再次暴露后的复发证实AGEP,归因于ICM。该病例强调需要认识到ICM是AGEP的潜在触发因素。治疗包括局部类固醇和抗组胺药,结果恢复迅速。
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引用次数: 0
Paradoxical reaction under dupilumab triggered by occasional ketoprofen intake. 偶尔摄入酮洛芬引发的杜匹单抗的矛盾反应。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10214
Filippo Chersi, Sanja Javor, Rosella Gallo, Elia Sala, Cesare Massone

Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-4/13 signaling pathway, effectively treats moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Common side effects include injection site reactions, conjunctivitis, and respiratory infections. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with severe AD involving the periocular and chin regions, genital areas, arms, and legs (Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI]: 24, itch Visual Analog Scale [VAS]: 8) who showed significant improvement after initiating dupilumab therapy. However, following ketoprofen intake for headache relief, she developed a lupus-like erythematous maculopapular rash on the periocular and malar regions. Immunological tests (antinuclear antibody [ANA] and extractable nuclear antigen [ENA]) and photopatch testing ruled out autoimmune or allergic causes. Dupilumab was stopped, and treatment with oral prednisone and cetirizine led to complete resolution. This case highlights a potential drug interaction between dupilumab and ketoprofen, emphasizing the need for awareness of paradoxical facial erythema reactions in patients undergoing dupilumab therapy.

Dupilumab是一种靶向IL-4/13信号通路的单克隆抗体,可有效治疗中度至重度特应性皮炎(AD)。常见的副作用包括注射部位反应、结膜炎和呼吸道感染。我们报告一例28岁女性严重AD累及眼周和下巴区域、生殖器区域、手臂和腿部的病例(湿疹面积和严重程度指数[EASI]: 24,瘙痒视觉模拟量表[VAS]: 8),她在开始杜匹单抗治疗后表现出显著改善。然而,在服用酮洛芬缓解头痛后,她在眼周和颧区出现狼疮样红斑丘疹。免疫测试(ANA, ENA)和光贴片测试排除了自身免疫或过敏原因。停用杜匹单抗,口服强的松和西替利嗪治疗导致病情完全缓解。该病例强调了杜匹单抗和酮洛芬之间潜在的药物相互作用,强调了在接受杜匹单抗治疗的患者中需要认识到矛盾的面部红斑反应。
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引用次数: 0
Grammatical approach to describing skin lesions: framework and assessment. 描述皮肤损伤的语法方法:框架和评估。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10097
Adam Cardenas, Emilie A Foltz, Simi Cadmus, Dayna Diven

Teaching the foundation of dermatology for non-dermatologists has proven difficult, especially in a compact undergraduate medical education system. This has consequently led to insufficient preparation of non-dermatologists, including primary care residents, to identify, describe, and manage skin conditions. We present a grammatical approach for learning and describing skin lesions that will provide an early, expandable framework built from easily digestible components. From results in our own institution, we hope this tool will empower trainees of all expertise and specialties to apply their knowledge at the bedside and aid in communication and collaboration with dermatology consultants when needed. Twenty-one first-year medical students at the University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School voluntarily completed our learning module with a pre- and post-survey, which recorded their confidence in verbally describing common skin lesions and formulating differential diagnoses. Among the respondents, 85.7% reported that the learning tool helped them better organize their descriptions of skin findings. There was a statistically significant increase in confidence after the learning tool for describing skin lesions (p<0.05) and formulating a differential diagnosis (p<0.05). These results suggest the grammatical approach improves the confidence of trainees by both describing skin lesions and formulating differential diagnoses based on the lesion's description.

为非皮肤科医生教授皮肤病学基础已被证明是困难的,特别是在一个紧凑的本科医学教育系统中。因此,这导致非皮肤科医生,包括初级保健居民,在识别、描述和管理皮肤状况方面准备不足。我们提出了一种用于学习和描述皮肤病变的语法方法,该方法将提供一个早期的、可扩展的框架,该框架由易于消化的组件构建而成。从我们自己的机构的结果来看,我们希望这个工具将使所有专业知识和专业的受训者能够在床边应用他们的知识,并在需要时与皮肤科顾问进行沟通和合作。德克萨斯大学奥斯汀戴尔医学院的21名一年级医学生自愿完成了我们的学习模块,并进行了前后调查,记录了他们口头描述常见皮肤病变和制定鉴别诊断的信心。85.7%的受访者表示,该学习工具帮助他们更好地组织对皮肤发现的描述。在使用描述皮肤病变的学习工具后,信心有统计学上的显著增加(p
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引用次数: 0
Acral lentiginous melanoma with subsequent spontaneous vitiligo vulgaris: a case report and literature review. 肢端色素性黑色素瘤并发自发性寻常性白癜风1例报告并文献复习。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10125
Ronak S Ahmed, Rozhgar R Ali, Dilan S Hiwa, Abdullah K Ghafour, Shvan O Siddiq, Saywan K Asaad, Ari M Abdullah, Rawa M Ali, Zuhair D Hammood, Rebaz M Ali, Fahmi H Kakamad

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is an infrequent and often missed subtype of melanoma. Its association with spontaneous vitiligo vulgaris is an exceedingly rare condition. The current study presents a rare case of ALM with spontaneous vitiligo vulgaris after complete resection of the ALM. An 84-year-old male patient presented with multiple white skin lesions on the scalp, neck, trunk, and upper and lower limbs for a three-month duration. One year prior, a diagnosis of ALM was confirmed on histopathological examination with a pathological stage of T4bNxMx. The patient did not receive any treatment until the time of presentation, apart from the surgical removal of the primary tumor. No treatment was advised for the patient's vitiligo vulgaris; only observation was recommended. Clinical diagnosis of vitiligo vulgaris was made based on the association with ALM. A review of the literature reveals that only a limited number of case reports have linked vitiligo to ALM, especially in cases where immunotherapeutic agents were not administered. Melanoma is a notably immunogenic malignancy, provoking both humoral and cellular immune responses directed against cytoplasmic and membrane antigens of melanocytes. It is suggested that normal melanocytes may function as neutral observers and become targets of immune responses directed against melanoma cells, leading to melanoma-associated vitiligo. It occurs more commonly as a consequence of immunologic-based therapeutic interventions or after metastatic melanoma; however, the occurrence of spontaneous vitiligo vulgaris several months following complete surgical removal of ALM is possible.

肢端色素性黑色素瘤(ALM)是一种罕见且常被遗漏的黑色素瘤亚型。它与自发性寻常白癜风的关联是一种极其罕见的情况。本研究报告一例罕见的ALM完全切除后自发性白癜风。84岁男性患者,出现头皮、颈部、躯干、上肢和下肢多发白色皮损,持续3个月。一年前,经组织病理学检查确诊为ALM,病理分期为T4bNxMx。除了手术切除原发肿瘤外,患者在发病前未接受任何治疗。未建议对患者的寻常白癜风进行治疗;只建议观察。结合ALM对寻常白癜风进行临床诊断。在文献综述中,只有几例白癜风报告归因于ALM,特别是没有使用免疫治疗药物。黑色素瘤是一种明显的免疫原性恶性肿瘤,可引起免疫系统针对黑色素细胞的细胞质和膜抗原的体液和细胞反应。有一种观点认为,正常的黑素细胞可能作为中性观察者,成为针对黑素瘤细胞的免疫反应的目标,从而导致黑素瘤相关的白癜风。它更常见于免疫治疗干预或转移性黑色素瘤后;然而,自发性白癜风的发生几个月后,完全手术切除ALM是可能的。
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引用次数: 0
The efficacy of apremilast in pemphigus: a systematic review of case reports. 阿普米司特在天疱疮中的疗效:病例报告的系统回顾。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10245
Roudin H Alhasawi, Esraa A Shaheen, Noura M Alshabanat, Reem Brashi, Walaa Abdu Ahmed, Shumukh H Alqahtani, Ethar G Alharbi, Mazin Aljabri

Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune blistering disorder that significantly affects patients' quality of life. While corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are commonly used, they have substantial side effects, highlighting the need for safer alternatives. Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, has shown efficacy in treating other autoimmune diseases and may offer promise for pemphigus. This systematic review evaluated the clinical outcomes, safety, and potential role of apremilast in the treatment of pemphigus by synthesizing available case reports and series. A literature search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) for case reports and series involving apremilast in pemphigus. Inclusion criteria were a confirmed pemphigus diagnosis and apremilast treatment. Five studies (four case reports and one case series) involving 7 patients were included. Apremilast led to significant clinical improvement in 4 patients, with reductions in disease activity, lesion severity, and symptom scores (Pemphigus Disease Area Index [PDAI], Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorder Intensity Score [ABSIS], Visual Analog Scale [VAS], and Numerical Rating Score [NRS]). Increases in regulatory T cells and decreases in anti-desmoglein antibodies were observed. No serious adverse events were reported, although one study noted treatment failure, possibly due to short follow-up or concurrent infections. Apremilast appears to be a promising treatment for therapy-resistant or corticosteroid-intolerant pemphigus patients. Although the evidence is limited, it supports apremilast's efficacy and favorable safety profile. Further research with larger sample sizes and randomized controlled trials is necessary to confirm these findings.

天疱疮是一种严重的自身免疫性水疱疾病,严重影响患者的生活质量。虽然通常使用皮质类固醇和免疫抑制剂,但它们有很大的副作用,因此需要更安全的替代品。Apremilast是一种口服磷酸二酯酶4 (PDE4)抑制剂,已显示出治疗其他自身免疫性疾病的疗效,并可能为天疱疮提供希望。本系统综述通过综合现有病例报告和系列研究,评估了阿普米司特在天疱疮治疗中的临床结果、安全性和潜在作用。在多个数据库(PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane、Web of Science、ScienceDirect和谷歌Scholar)中进行文献检索,以获取有关阿普米司特治疗天疱疮的病例报告和系列。纳入标准为确诊的天疱疮和阿普米司特治疗。纳入了涉及7例患者的5项研究(4例病例报告和1例病例系列)。阿普拉米司特显著改善了4例患者的临床,降低了疾病活动性、病变严重程度和症状评分(天疱疮疾病面积指数、自身免疫性大疱性皮肤病强度评分、视觉模拟量表和数值评分)。观察到调节性T细胞增加,抗粘粒蛋白抗体减少。没有严重的不良事件报道,尽管一项研究指出治疗失败,可能是由于随访时间短或并发感染。阿普拉米司特似乎是治疗耐药或皮质类固醇不耐受天疱疮患者的一种有希望的治疗方法。尽管证据有限,但它支持阿普雷米司特的有效性和良好的安全性。进一步的研究需要更大的样本量和随机对照试验来证实这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Bilateral nevus of Ota in association with nevus flammeus: a case report. 双侧太田痣合并火红痣1例。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10289
Lulwa Alogayel, Sara Alrashid, Renad AlKanaan, Raneem Alnajjar, Ghaida Almarshoud

Nevus of Ota and nevus flammeus are distinct congenital pigmentary and vascular anomalies, respectively, with different etiologies and clinical implications. While both conditions can present unilaterally, their bilateral coexistence is rare. We report a 39-year-old Filipino female with a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia who presented to the dermatology clinic with concerns over a newly appearing benign nevus on the sole of her hand. Incidentally, dermatological examination revealed two significant congenital pigmentary lesions: bilateral nevus of Ota and a widespread nevus flammeus. The nevus of Ota manifested as well-defined blue-gray macules and patches symmetrically distributed across her face, involving both nasal nostrils and conjunctiva. The nevus flammeus, a congenital vascular malformation commonly known as a port-wine stain, extended over both arms, the upper back, and the chest, presenting as a well-demarcated reddish-purple discoloration. These lesions had been present since birth, remained asymptomatic, and had never been previously evaluated. No systemic involvement was detected, and laboratory investigations were unremarkable. The diagnosis was made clinically. As the patient was not interested in treating the nevi, no treatment was planned. This case highlights the importance of obtaining a detailed family history in all similar cases to aid in understanding the genetic basis of these conditions and their potential coexistence with other congenital dermal anomalies.

太田痣和火焰痣分别是不同的先天性色素和血管异常,具有不同的病因和临床意义。虽然这两种情况都可以单方面出现,但它们的双边共存是罕见的。我们报告一名39岁菲律宾女性,有2型糖尿病和血脂异常病史,因担心手底出现良性痣而来到皮肤科诊所。顺便提一下,皮肤科检查发现两个显著的先天性色素病变:双侧太田痣和广泛的葡萄酒色斑。太田痣表现为界限分明的蓝灰色斑疹和斑块,对称分布于面部,累及鼻腔和结膜。红痣,一种先天性血管畸形,延伸至双臂、上背部和胸部,表现为界限清晰的红紫色变色。这些病变自出生以来就存在,一直没有症状,以前从未被评估过。未发现全身受累,实验室检查无显著差异。经临床诊断。由于患者对治疗痣不感兴趣,因此没有治疗计划。本病例强调了在所有类似病例中获得详细的家族史的重要性,以帮助了解这些疾病的遗传基础及其与其他先天性皮肤异常的潜在共存。
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引用次数: 0
Cutaneous myiasis complicating squamous cell carcinoma: a case report with literature review. 皮肤蝇蛆病并发鳞状细胞癌1例报告并文献复习。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10167
Ronak S Ahmed, Rebaz M Ali, Shvan O Siddiq, Sana B Abdullah, Khanda A Anwar, Ari M Abdullah, Imad J Habibullah, Hawkar A Nasralla, Sasan M Ahmed, Sanaa O Karim, Fahmi H Kakamad

Myiasis is derived from the Greek word "myia", which means "fly". Zumpt, a German entomologist, defined this condition as the infestation of living humans and vertebrate animals by dipterous larvae that feed on living and dead host tissue, liquid body substances, or ingested food for a certain period. Myiasis is a rare complication that can occur in advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This report describes a rare cutaneous SCC of the face complicated by myiasis. A 70-year-old male patient presented with cutaneous SCC that involved the left lateral side of the nose, medial canthus, and left lower eyelid. The patient complained of multiple live maggots crawling out from a large wound. The larvae were isolated, examined microscopically, and identified as Dermatobia spp. The patient was treated with ivermectin, albendazole, and clindamycin, which were associated with the mechanical removal of the larvae. In the past decade, several case reports have described instances of cutaneous myiasis in head and neck malignancies. These cases were primarily linked to squamous cell carcinoma and involved patients over the age of 60. Additionally, the majority of the reported cases were from India. Myiasis can complicate SCC, particularly in patients who refuse treatment. Combining ivermectin, albendazole, and clindamycin may be a practical approach to managing myiasis.

蝇蛆症来源于希腊语“myia”,意思是“苍蝇”。德国昆虫学家Zumpt将这种情况定义为一种寄生在活着的人和脊椎动物身上的双足幼虫,它们在一段时间内以活的和死的宿主组织、液体身体物质或摄入的食物为食。蝇蛆病是一种罕见的并发症,可发生在晚期鳞状细胞癌(SCC)。本文报告一例罕见的面部皮肤鳞状细胞癌并发蝇蛆病。一个70岁的男性患者提出皮肤鳞状细胞癌累及鼻左侧外侧,内眦和左下眼睑。病人抱怨说,他的一个大伤口上爬出了许多活蛆。分离幼虫,镜检,鉴定为Dermatobia spp.患者给予伊维菌素、阿苯达唑和克林霉素治疗,与机械去除幼虫相关。在过去的十年中,一些病例报告描述了头颈部恶性肿瘤中皮肤蝇蛆病的实例。这些病例主要与鳞状细胞癌有关,涉及60岁以上的患者。此外,大多数报告病例来自印度。蝇蛆病可使SCC复杂化,特别是在拒绝治疗的患者中。伊维菌素、阿苯达唑和克林霉素联合使用可能是治疗蝇蛆病的一种实用方法。
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引用次数: 0
Focal facial dermal dysplasia type IV: a case series. 局灶性面部皮肤发育不良IV型:一个病例系列。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10199
Laura Gnesotto, Mario Cutrone, Giuseppe Ruggiero, Carla Morando, Anna Belloni Fortina, Annalisa Patrizi, Luigi Naldi, Andrea Sechi

Focal facial dermal dysplasias (FFDDs) encompass four rare inherited disorders. FFDD types I, II, and III are characterized by bitemporal scar-like lesions present from birth, while FFDD IV is identified by analogous lesions localized in the periauricular area. Most FFDD IV cases show autosomal-recessive inheritance with mutations in the CYP26C1 gene. We describe three infants with bilateral, oval-shaped, hypopigmented preauricular lesions indicative of FFDD IV. It is crucial for physicians to recognize these rare conditions at an early stage to ensure proper diagnosis and to rule out associated malformations.

局灶性面部皮肤发育不良(ffdd)包括四种罕见的遗传性疾病。FFDD I型、II型和III型的特征是出生时就出现双颞部疤痕样病变,而FFDD IV型的特征是耳廓周围的类似病变。大多数FFDD IV病例表现为常染色体隐性遗传,伴有CYP26C1基因突变。我们描述了三个新生儿双侧,椭圆形,低色素的耳前病变,表明FFDD IV。对于医生来说,在早期阶段识别这些罕见的疾病以确保正确的诊断并排除相关的畸形是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond the surface: an uncommon case of Microsporum gypseum subcutaneous mycosis induced by an insect bite. 表面以外:一个罕见的情况下,小孢子菌石膏皮下真菌病引起的昆虫叮咬。
IF 1.3 Q2 DERMATOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-05 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2025.10266
Mariateresa Rossi, Benedetta Galli, Grazia Linda Artelli, Laura Grigolato, Piergiacomo Calzavara-Pinton

Deep cutaneous and subcutaneous infections caused by dermatophytes are exceptionally uncommon, typically occurring through traumatic inoculation. This clinical report details the complex dermatological journey of a young, immunocompetent 24-year-old girl who reported a rare case of a subcutaneous mycosis caused by Microsporum gypseum. The patient presented with an annular erythematous plaque with centered papules on her left hand, which she referred to as stemming from an insect bite. Initial evaluation at another hospital included a biopsy, which resulted in a preliminary diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum. Appropriate treatment with topical steroids and later oral cyclosporine provided no response, leading clinicians to perform a new biopsy and cultural examination; the patient was diagnosed with epidermomycosis and pustular folliculitis caused by M. gypseum, a geophilic dermatophyte. In our patient's case, terbinafine proved effective, resulting in complete remission. This article aims to emphasize the importance of considering rare conditions such as subcutaneous epidermomycosis when the patient's medical history provides suggestive clues, particularly if the clinical manifestation aligns with the hypothesis.

由皮肤真菌引起的深皮和皮下感染非常罕见,通常通过创伤性接种发生。本临床报告详细介绍了一个年轻的,免疫能力强的24岁女孩复杂的皮肤病学旅程,她报告了一例罕见的由石膏小孢子菌引起的皮下真菌病。患者左手出现环状红斑斑块,中心丘疹,她认为这是由昆虫叮咬引起的。在另一家医院进行的初步评估包括活检,初步诊断为坏疽性脓皮病。适当的局部类固醇治疗和后来的口服环孢素治疗没有反应,导致临床医生进行新的活检和培养检查;患者被诊断为表皮霉病和脓疱性毛囊炎,由一种嗜地性皮肤真菌石膏小孢子菌引起。在我们的病例中,特比萘芬被证明是有效的,导致完全缓解。本文旨在强调考虑罕见疾病的重要性,如皮下表皮霉病,当患者的病史提供提示线索,特别是如果临床表现与假设一致。
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引用次数: 0
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