Developmental biology最新文献_第7页

Muscle sparing through differential nutritional control of three muscle growth mechanisms: how zebrafish larvae deal with starvation 通过三种肌肉生长机制的不同营养控制来节约肌肉：斑马鱼幼鱼如何应对饥饿。

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.020

Jeffrey J. Kelu , Jing Zhang , Tapan G. Pipalia , Akos Berthold , Andrew S. Brack, Angela Cheung, Simon M. Hughes

How vertebrate skeletal muscle size is regulated and balanced with body size over the life-course is unclear, but is important for human health and quality of life. Muscle growth occurs by increase in myofibre number (hyperplasia) and enlargement of existing fibres (hypertrophy). Fibre enlargement reflects either hypernucleation, an increase in myofibre nuclei, and/or hyperoidy, an increase in nuclear domain size (NDS), the volume of myofibre per myonucleus. Quantitative time lapse imaging of muscle cellularity indicates that myotome growth in early larval zebrafish is dominated by hyperoidy, with lesser contribution by hypernucleation. Addition of small new myofibres makes a quantitatively even smaller contribution to growth. During neonatal mouse muscle growth a distinct balance of different growth mechanisms occurs, but yields quantitively similar hyperoidy. In zebrafish, the number of myofibres and myonuclei continue to increase in the absence of independent feeding, whereas NDS shrinks and whole body growth falters without adequate food intake from 5 days post-fertilisation, despite the continued availability of yolk. The persistent accrual of myonuclei while fibres undergo atrophy in response to starvation we term muscle sparing. Myofibre volume increases more than myofibril content during growth. During atrophy, in contrast, cytoplasmic puncta containing sarcolemmal markers become associated with autophagosomes and lysosomes, and myofibrils fill a larger fraction of the remaining sarcoplasm. These observations lead us to propose a ‘shopping bag’ hypothesis for myofibre hyperoidy and atrophy, whereby change in sarcolemmal area and myofibre volume (the ‘bag’) precede, and may be required for, changes in the myofibril content (the ‘shopping’). The distinct regulation of three muscle growth mechanisms in developing vertebrate models predict similar controls on human muscle growth which, given the importance of skeletal muscle for whole body metabolic health, are of potential relevance to the developmental origins of human health and disease.

在整个生命过程中，脊椎动物的骨骼肌大小是如何被调节并与体型平衡的尚不清楚，但这对人类健康和生活质量很重要。肌肉生长发生在肌纤维数量增加（增生）和现有纤维扩大（肥大）。纤维增大反映了肌纤维核的增核和/或增核，核结构域大小（NDS）的增加，即每个肌核中肌纤维的体积。肌肉细胞的定量延时成像表明，早期幼体斑马鱼的肌瘤生长以肥大为主，而超核的贡献较小。添加小的新肌纤维对生长的贡献在数量上甚至更小。在新生小鼠的肌肉生长过程中，不同的生长机制发生了明显的平衡，但产生了数量相似的肥厚。在斑马鱼中，在没有独立饲养的情况下，肌纤维和肌核的数量继续增加，而从受精后5天开始，尽管有持续的蛋黄，但如果没有足够的食物摄入，NDS会缩小，全身生长会停滞。肌核的持续积累，而纤维在饥饿反应中经历萎缩，我们称之为肌肉保留。在生长过程中，肌纤维体积比肌原纤维含量增加更多。相反，在萎缩期间，含有肌层标记物的细胞质点与自噬体相关，溶酶体和肌原纤维在剩余的肌浆中占据更大的比例。这些观察结果使我们提出了肌纤维肥大和萎缩的“购物袋”假说，即肌层面积和肌纤维体积（“购物袋”）的变化先于肌纤维含量（“购物袋”）的变化，并且可能是肌纤维含量（“购物袋”）变化所必需的。在发育中的脊椎动物模型中，三种肌肉生长机制的不同调节预测了对人类肌肉生长的类似控制，鉴于骨骼肌对全身代谢健康的重要性，这可能与人类健康和疾病的发育起源有关。

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引用次数: 0

Development and regeneration of ectodermal Organs: A multiscale platform for topobiology 外胚层器官的发育和再生：拓扑生物学的多尺度平台

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.019

Cheng Ming Chuong , Joy Richman , Ping Wu

Ectodermal organs—hair follicles, teeth, nails, exocrine glands, feathers, and scales—lie at the interface between an organism and its environment. They provide a powerful model system for understanding how distinct morphologies emerge from a conserved epithelial–mesenchymal dialogue modulated by morphogen circuits, mechanical forces, and time. Beginning in the 1960s, classic tissue recombination experiments revealed how epithelium and mesenchyme interact to determine ectodermal organ phenotypes in development. Since the mid-1990s, studies in chick embryos and transgenic mice illuminate the underlying molecular signaling modules governing morphogenesis and cyclic renewal of follicle stem cells. Over the past decade, advances in single-cell and spatial omics, epigenetic mechanisms, live imaging, and controlled perturbations have linked gene regulatory networks to dynamic cell states and tissue-level patterning. Quantitative and theoretical models connect Turing-type patterning principles and mechanochemical feedback to collective cell migration and emergent tissue patterns. Evolutionary developmental biology (Evo–Devo) has further shown how subtle changes in kinetics, geometry, and enhancer logic can generate phenotypic diversity and tune regenerative potential. In this special issue, we bring together exemplary studies that illuminate these advances and highlight how the integument, as an architecture-based organ, vividly illustrates the concept of topobiology across multi-scales: from the translation of linear genetic information to spatial-specific functional forms, and from temporal dynamic phenotypes to environmental adaptation and evolution. We also outline future priorities: decoding hidden layers of cell–cell communication, revealing biophysical-biochemical crosstalk, refining competence and commitment, concepts originally defined by classic tissue interaction experiments, within the context of modern epigenetic mechanisms, explaining endogenous adult-cell reprogramming during regeneration, and navigating self-organization in organoids toward predictable and transplantable tissues. We anticipate the best is yet to come, as continued advances in both fundamental mechanisms and translational applications promise to elevate ectodermal organ biology to a new level of integrative understanding.

外胚层器官——毛囊、牙齿、指甲、外分泌腺、羽毛和鳞片——位于生物体与其环境的交界处。他们提供了一个强大的模型系统来理解不同的形态是如何从保守的上皮-间质对话中产生的，这种对话是由形态发生回路、机械力和时间调节的。从20世纪60年代开始，经典的组织重组实验揭示了上皮和间质如何相互作用以决定发育中的外胚层器官表型。自20世纪90年代中期以来，对鸡胚胎和转基因小鼠的研究阐明了控制卵泡干细胞形态发生和循环更新的潜在分子信号模块。在过去的十年中，单细胞和空间组学、表观遗传机制、实时成像和可控扰动的进展将基因调控网络与动态细胞状态和组织水平的模式联系起来。定量和理论模型将图灵模式原理和机械化学反馈与集体细胞迁移和紧急组织模式联系起来。进化发育生物学（Evo-Devo）进一步展示了动力学、几何形状和增强子逻辑的细微变化如何产生表型多样性和调节再生潜力。在本期特刊中，我们汇集了一些示范研究，阐明了这些进展，并强调了被皮作为一个基于建筑的器官，如何在多尺度上生动地阐明了拓扑生物学的概念：从线性遗传信息的翻译到空间特异性功能形式，从时间动态表型到环境适应和进化。我们还概述了未来的优先事项：解码细胞-细胞通信的隐藏层，揭示生物物理-生化串扰，在现代表观遗传机制的背景下，在经典组织相互作用实验中定义的概念中，改进能力和承诺，解释再生过程中的内源性成人细胞重编程，以及在类器官中引导自组织走向可预测和可移植的组织。我们期待最好的还在后头，因为基础机制和转化应用的持续进展有望将外胚层器官生物学提升到一个新的综合理解水平。

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引用次数: 0

Involvement of Tead4, an effector of Hippo signaling, in intestinal remodeling during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis Hippo信号效应蛋白Tead4参与非洲爪蟾蜕变过程中的肠道重塑

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.018

Takayuki Iwaki , Tsuguhide Shimodaira , Yuki Shibata , Kenta Fujimoto , Tomoaki Nakada , Takashi Hasebe

During amphibian metamorphosis, the intestine is remodeled from larval to adult form. In this study, we investigated the expression and localization of Xenopus laevis Tead4 (a key transcription factor in the Hippo pathway) in the metamorphosing intestine, examined its interaction, and analyzed its phylogenetic relationships. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that both tead4.L and tead4.S (homeologs) transcripts are expressed throughout natural and thyroid hormone (TH)-induced metamorphosis, with modest but stage-specific changes, indicating sensitivity to TH. Triple hybridization chain reaction RNA-FISH showed that tead4 expression is broadly distributed in the intestine, with its signal intensity increasing from the metamorphic climax onward, whereas yap1 expression is enriched in the connective and muscle layers. There was a partial overlap between tead4 and yap1 expression, indicating context-dependent co-regulation, and incomplete co-localization of the expressed proteins, suggesting alternative co-factors. Oocyte co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that both Tead4.L and Tead4.S physically associate with Yap1, supporting their role as Hippo pathway effectors. Phylogenetic analysis placed X. laevis Tead4 homeologs within the TEAD2 clade, indicating that the genes annotated as tead4 can more accurately be classified as tead2. These findings demonstrate that Tead4 homeologs function as Yap1 partners and contribute to transcriptional control during amphibian intestinal metamorphosis, highlighting their conserved role as effectors of Hippo signaling.

在两栖动物的蜕变过程中，肠道从幼虫到成虫进行了重塑。在本研究中，我们研究了非洲爪蟾（Xenopus laevis） Tead4 （Hippo通路关键转录因子）在变态肠中的表达和定位，研究了其相互作用，并分析了其系统发育关系。定量RT-PCR结果显示，tead4。L和tead。S（同源物）转录本在天然和甲状腺激素（TH）诱导的变态过程中表达，具有适度但特定阶段的变化，表明对TH的敏感性。三重杂交链反应RNA-FISH结果显示，tead4的表达广泛分布于肠道，其信号强度从变质高潮开始逐渐增加，而yap1的表达则在结缔组织和肌肉层富集。在tead4和yap1表达之间存在部分重叠，表明上下文依赖的共调控，以及表达蛋白的不完全共定位，表明有其他辅助因子。卵母细胞共免疫沉淀实验表明，Tead4。L和Tead4。S与Yap1物理关联，支持它们作为Hippo通路效应物的作用。系统发育分析表明，在TEAD2支系中，狼蛛的Tead4具有同源性，这表明标记为Tead4的基因可以更准确地归类为TEAD2。这些研究结果表明，Tead4同源物作为Yap1的合作伙伴发挥作用，并在两栖动物肠道蜕变过程中参与转录控制，突出了它们作为Hippo信号效应物的保守作用。

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引用次数: 0

Poly(A) probe HCR RNA-FISH specifically marks pyriform nurse cells in the brown anole lizard ovary Poly(A)探针HCR RNA-FISH特异性标记棕蜥卵巢梨状护理细胞。

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.017

Zoe B. Griffin, Bonnie K. Kircher, Richard R. Behringer

Hybridization chain reaction RNA-fluorescent in situ hybridization (HCR RNA-FISH) is a powerful and increasingly used method for visualizing gene expression in cells and tissues. A probe set against polyadenylated RNA (poly(A)) is often used as a positive control for RNA integrity and staining quality. While optimizing this technique in the ovary of the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei), we found that the poly(A) probe produced a strikingly specific and intense signal in pyriform cells, a specialized lizard-specific nurse cell type. This staining pattern was found in both whole-mount samples and paraffin sections, suggesting that poly(A) signal intensity can serve as a robust molecular marker for this cell type. The specific and robust signal facilitated segmentation of volumetric data to create the first 3D models of pyriform cells. We also observed unusually diffuse DAPI staining in pyriform cell nuclei, distinguishing them from surrounding granulosa cells, pointing to possible differences in chromatin structure or nuclear organization. Together, these findings highlight the potential of poly(A) probes used in HCR RNA-FISH not only as a technical control, but also as a tool to selectively label specific cell types with high transcriptional activity or storage of abundant poly(A) transcripts.

杂交链反应rna荧光原位杂交（HCR RNA-FISH）是一种功能强大且应用日益广泛的细胞和组织基因表达可视化方法。一种针对聚腺苷化RNA （poly(A)）的探针通常被用作RNA完整性和染色质量的阳性对照。在棕蜥（Anolis sagrei）的卵巢中优化该技术时，我们发现poly(A)探针在梨状细胞（一种蜥蜴特异性的特殊护理细胞类型）中产生了非常特异性和强烈的信号。这种染色模式在整片样品和石蜡切片中都发现，表明poly(A)信号强度可以作为这种细胞类型的强大分子标记。特异性和鲁棒性信号有助于分割体积数据，以创建梨状细胞的第一个3D模型。我们还观察到梨形细胞核异常弥散的DAPI染色，将它们与周围的颗粒细胞区分开来，指出染色质结构或核组织可能存在差异。总之，这些发现突出了在HCR RNA-FISH中使用poly(A)探针的潜力，不仅可以作为技术控制，而且可以作为选择性标记具有高转录活性或丰富poly(A)转录物存储的特定细胞类型的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Resilience of the replacing dentition in adult reptiles” [Develop. Biol. 516 (2024) 71–81] “成年爬行动物替换牙列的弹性”的勘误表[发展]。生物工程学报，2004,17(2):344 - 344。

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.012

Joaquin I. Henriquez, Joy M. Richman

引用次数: 0

Differential lipid and metabolic profiles of embryonic inner cell mass and trophectoderm 胚胎内细胞群和滋养外胚层的脂质和代谢差异。

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.016

Thamiris Vieira Marsico , Andressa Minozzo Oliveira , Roniele Santana Valente , Kelly Annes , Christina Ramires Ferreira , Mateus José Sudano

The initial development of mammalian embryos represents a highly intricate and meticulously orchestrated process. This journey encompasses distinct cellular fate determinations and complex regulatory mechanisms. In the scope of our study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the lipid and metabolic profiles characterizing these distinct cell populations within bovine embryos. In vitro-produced embryos, were submitted to microsurgery and/or immunosurgery techniques to recover trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) cells. After different cell type obtaining ICM and TE samples underwent lipid and metabolic profiling utilizing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling mass spectrometry. We unveiled clear and distinct patterns of metabolites expression, including lipids, with TE cells demonstrating a heightened abundance of a variety classes of lipids, whereas ICM cells exhibited specific abundance increase of amino acids. The substantial presence of amino acids in ICM cells aligns with their pivotal role in orchestrating the development of diverse tissues and organs within the emerging organism. Conversely, TE cells are primarily dedicated to preparations for placentation, maternal recognition, and providing essential support to the ICM throughout the developmental process. In summary, our study furnishes valuable insights into the intricate metabolic dynamics that underlie early embryonic development in bovine embryos. It underscores the unique lipidomic and metabolic signatures of ICM and TE cells, reflecting their respective roles in shaping the developmental trajectory. These findings significantly contribute to our deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing embryonic development, offering potential implications for bovine reproduction and broader insights into mammalian embryology.

哺乳动物胚胎的最初发育代表了一个高度复杂和精心策划的过程。这一过程包含了不同的细胞命运决定和复杂的调控机制。在我们的研究范围内，我们对牛胚胎内这些不同细胞群的脂质和代谢谱进行了全面的检查。体外产生的胚胎（IVP）通过显微手术和/或免疫手术技术恢复滋养外胚层（TE）和内细胞团（ICM）细胞。在获得不同细胞类型的ICM和TE样本后，利用多反应监测（MRM）谱分析质谱进行脂质和代谢谱分析。我们揭示了包括脂质在内的代谢产物表达的清晰而独特的模式，TE细胞显示出各种脂质的丰度增加，而ICM细胞则表现出特定的氨基酸丰度增加。氨基酸在ICM细胞中的大量存在与它们在新兴生物中协调多种组织和器官发育的关键作用一致。相反，TE细胞主要用于胎盘的准备，母体识别，并在整个发育过程中为ICM提供必要的支持。总之，我们的研究为牛胚胎早期胚胎发育的复杂代谢动力学提供了有价值的见解。它强调了ICM和TE细胞独特的脂质组学和代谢特征，反映了它们在形成发育轨迹中的各自作用。这些发现有助于我们更深入地了解胚胎发育的分子机制，为牛生殖和哺乳动物胚胎学提供潜在的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Poly(U) polymerase activity promotes establishment of primordial germ cells and limits somatic PGL granules in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo 聚(U)聚合酶活性促进了秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎中原始生殖细胞的建立，并限制了体细胞PGL颗粒的形成。

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.013

Leanne H. Kelley , Ashley S. Houlihan , Kevin E. Yongblah, Abrar A. Aljiboury, Savannah L. Davis, Eleanor M. Maine

Terminal uridylyl transferases/poly(U) polymerases (PUPs) promote animal development. Under conditions of temperature stress, Caenorhabditis elegans PUP-1 and the partially redundant PUP-2 ensure development of the larva/adult germline and embryonic viability. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we characterized the transcriptomes of adult hermaphrodites and early embryos lacking PUP-1, PUP-2, or both. Transcripts with altered abundance included those expressed in various somatic tissues or the germline, including neuronal and spermatogenic mRNAs. For some transcripts, abundance was altered only in the absence of both PUP-1 and PUP-2, indicating redundancy. In embryos, some maternally provided and zygotically synthesized mRNAs are elevated, especially in the absence of PUP-2. In the early embryo, PUP-1 promotes division of the germline founder cell (P4), and division failure correlates with adult sterility. PUP-1 promotes the accumulation of PGL-1 in P granules and limits accumulation of somatic PGL-1 foci. Somatic PGL granules are normally cleared by autophagy; loss of PUP-1 does not appear to impair autophagy and instead PGL-1 foci may be more stable due to a change in RNA stability. This work establishes roles for PUPs in early embryonic development that carry forward to adulthood.

末端尿苷基转移酶/聚(U)聚合酶（PUPs）促进动物发育。在温度胁迫条件下，秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans）的PUP-1和部分冗余的PUP-2保证了幼虫/成虫种系的发育和胚胎存活率。利用高通量RNA测序，研究人员对缺乏PUP-1、PUP-2或两者都缺乏的成年雌雄同体和早期胚胎的转录组进行了表征。丰度改变的转录本包括在各种体细胞组织或种系中表达的转录本，包括神经元和生精mrna。对于一些转录本，丰度仅在缺乏PUP-1和PUP-2时发生改变，表明冗余。在胚胎中，一些母系提供和合子合成的mrna升高，特别是在缺乏PUP-2的情况下。在胚胎早期，PUP-1促进种系建立细胞（P4）的分裂，分裂失败与成体不育有关。PUP-1促进PGL-1在P颗粒中的积累，并限制PGL-1体细胞灶的积累。体细胞PGL颗粒通常通过自噬清除；PUP-1的缺失似乎不会损害自噬，相反，由于RNA稳定性的改变，PGL-1的灶可能更稳定。这项工作确立了幼崽在早期胚胎发育直至成年的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Pharmacological approaches to understanding the role of PDX1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Insights from the chick CAM model 了解PDX1在胰腺导管腺癌中的作用的药理学方法：来自Chick CAM模型的见解。

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.015

María Jimena Mosna , Marcelo G. Stinson , Federico J. Garde , Candela D. Pastore , Lucía P. Petriz , Abel L. Carcagno

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most prevalent form of pancreatic cancer, has a 5-year survival rate of 9 %. PDX1 is an important transcription factor for embryonic development of the pancreas, pancreatic endocrine lineage differentiation, and maintenance of mature pancreatic β-cells. In PDAC patients, PDX1 expression is downregulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent non-tumoral tissue. On the other hand, a higher PDX1 expression has been shown to improve the overall survival rate in PDAC patients. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the role of PDX1 on the phenotype of PDAC cells. To induce PDX1 expression, PANC-1 cells, derived from a human PDAC tumor, were treated with BRD7552 (a PDX1 inducer). Overexpression of PDX1 was confirmed by Western Blot analysis and no cytotoxic effects were observed by MTT reduction or Trypan Blue exclusion assays. Cell confluence assay and BrdU incorporation assay showed a significant reduction in proliferation rate in treated cells, while no differences were observed on the proportion of Ki67⁺ and PH3⁺ cells by immunostaining. In addition, cell cycle analysis by propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry showed an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle of treated cells. Additionally, treated cells showed a significant reduction in migration rate. Furthermore, to assess the in ovo effects of BRD7552, treated PANC-1 cells were implanted onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos and tumor size was measured at different time points, revealing a significant reduction in tumor growth of treated cells. Therefore, in this study we observed that a pharmacological induction of PDX1 in PANC-1 cells affects cell cycle, reduces proliferation rate and inhibits migratory potential in vitro. These findings were corroborated in ovo, where PDX1 overexpression diminished tumor growth of PANC-1 cells. In conclusion, the overexpression of PDX1 induced by BRD7552 drives PANC-1 cells to a less proliferative and migratory phenotype.

胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）是最常见的胰腺癌，其5年生存率为13%。PDX1是胰腺胚胎发育、胰腺内分泌谱系分化和成熟胰腺β细胞维持的重要转录因子。在PDAC患者中，与邻近非肿瘤组织相比，肿瘤细胞中的PDX1表达下调。另一方面，较高的PDX1表达已被证明可以提高PDAC患者的总生存率。因此，我们的目的是分析PDX1在PDAC细胞表型中的作用。为了诱导PDX1的表达，用BRD7552（一种PDX1诱导剂）处理来自人类PDAC肿瘤的PANC-1细胞。Western Blot分析证实PDX1过表达，MTT还原和台盼蓝排除实验均未观察到细胞毒性作用。细胞融合实验和BrdU掺入实验显示，处理后的细胞增殖率明显降低，而免疫染色显示Ki67+和PH3+细胞的比例没有差异。此外，通过碘化丙啶染色和流式细胞术对细胞周期进行分析，发现处理细胞的细胞周期停滞在G1期。此外，处理过的细胞迁移速度显著降低。此外，为了评估BRD7552的卵内效应，我们将处理过的PANC-1细胞植入鸡胚胎的绒毛膜尿囊膜（CAM），并在不同时间点测量肿瘤大小，结果显示处理过的细胞肿瘤生长明显减少。因此，在本研究中，我们在体外观察到pac -1细胞中PDX1的药理诱导影响细胞周期，降低增殖率并抑制迁移潜力。这些发现在卵细胞中得到证实，其中PDX1过表达降低了PANC-1细胞的肿瘤生长。综上所述，BRD7552诱导的PDX1过表达可导致PANC-1细胞的增殖性和迁移性降低。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular basis of variations in facial soft tissues: insights from cichlid fishes 面部软组织变异的分子基础：来自慈鲷鱼的见解。

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.014

Ehsan Pashay Ahi , Christian Sturmbauer , R. Craig Albertson , Pooja Singh

The human face serves as a crucial component of attractiveness and identity, playing a pivotal role in social interactions. Teleost fish models, particularly zebrafish, have offered valuable insights into the developmental and molecular mechanisms governing craniofacial skeletogenesis, owing to the molecular conservation in these processes. However, knowledge regarding the morphogenic processes shaping facial soft tissues remains surprisingly sparse. On the human side, most causal evidence comes from gene–phenotype associations in clinical genetics; however, these studies rarely provide cellular-resolution analyses of facial soft tissues, leaving tissue- and cell-type–specific mechanisms unresolved. The diverse family of Cichlidae constitute ∼10 % of teleost fish species and represent an exceptional opportunity for evolutionary biology research due to their extensive ecological diversity and rapid speciation rates. Cichlid fishes also exhibit remarkable craniofacial morphological diversity, making them excellent models for studying both craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue morphogenesis. Utilizing the wealth of natural mutants within cichlid populations, this short review pitches cichlid fish models as valuable tools for investigating the genetic regulators and interactions underlying facial soft tissue formation. At present, most cichlid studies rely on comparative transcriptomics between closely related species with and without pronounced traits; these data are associative, and the regulatory hierarchy and primary drivers remain to be established through functional tests (e.g., genome editing). By synthesising developmental and regulatory mechanisms that influence morphological variations in facial soft tissues in cichlids and other model organisms, we create a blueprint for future molecular genetic investigations into facial diversity. Accordingly, we highlight the need for (i) causative functional studies in cichlids and (ii) cellular-resolution analyses of human facial soft tissues to bridge correlative and mechanistic evidence across systems.

人脸是吸引力和身份的重要组成部分，在社会交往中起着关键作用。硬骨鱼模型，特别是斑马鱼，由于这些过程中的分子守恒，为颅面骨骼形成的发育和分子机制提供了有价值的见解。然而，关于形成面部软组织的形态形成过程的知识仍然令人惊讶地稀少。在人类方面，大多数因果证据来自临床遗传学中的基因-表型关联；然而，这些研究很少提供面部软组织的细胞分辨率分析，留下组织和细胞类型特异性机制未解决。慈鲷科的多样性占硬骨鱼种类的约10%，由于其广泛的生态多样性和快速的物种形成速度，为进化生物学研究提供了绝佳的机会。慈鲷还表现出显著的颅面形态多样性，使其成为研究颅面骨骼和软组织形态发生的优秀模型。利用丰富的自然突变体慈鲷种群，这篇简短的综述将慈鲷鱼模型作为研究面部软组织形成的遗传调控和相互作用的有价值的工具。目前，大多数慈鲷的研究依赖于近亲物种之间的转录组学比较，这些物种有或没有显著的性状；这些数据是相互关联的，监管层级和主要驱动因素仍有待通过功能测试（例如，基因组编辑）确定。通过综合影响慈鲷和其他模式生物面部软组织形态变化的发育和调节机制，我们为未来面部多样性的分子遗传学研究创造了蓝图。因此，我们强调需要(i)在鲷鱼中进行病因功能研究和（ii）对人类面部软组织进行细胞分辨率分析，以跨系统连接相关和机制证据。

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引用次数: 0

A Tousled-like kinase (TLK) homolog required for male germline stem cell homeostasis in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea 地中海施米德涡虫雄性生殖系干细胞稳态需要一个TLK同源物。

IF 2.1 3区生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.10.011

Roger Huynh , Nicole V. Aguilar , Sydney L. Lesko , Labib Rouhana

Tousled-like kinases (TLKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are conserved across metazoan life and involved in DNA stability and cell division. Mammalian TLKs are most highly expressed in the testes, but their role in spermatogenesis has remained elusive because mutations result in embryonic lethality. Here, we identify two TLK homologs in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea (Smed-TLK1a and Smed-TLK1b) and reveal a testis-specific requirement for Smed-TLK1a. Preferential expression of Smed-TLK1a was detected in testes of S. mediterranea hermaphrodites by whole-mount in situ hybridization, and more specifically in germline stem cells and spermatogonia by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RNA-interference disruption of Smed-TLK1a expression revealed that its function is required for development of normal testes. Detailed analyses using stage-specific genetic markers revealed that Smed-TLK1a is required for development and/or maintenance of male germline stem cells. In contrast, ovary morphology, oogenesis, and development of yolk glands were indistinguishable between control planarian hermaphrodites and Smed-TLK1a knockdowns, indicating that normal expression of this gene is not essential during development of female reproductive structures. Given the mechanisms of TLK action in other systems and phenotypic specificity to sperm development, we hypothesize that Smed-TLK1a drives changes in chromatin structure that are required for differentiation and/or maintenance of male germline stem cells.

TLKs是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶，在后生动物中保守，参与DNA稳定性和细胞分裂。哺乳动物的tlk在睾丸中表达最多，但它们在精子发生中的作用仍然难以捉摸，因为突变会导致胚胎死亡。在这里，我们鉴定了两个TLK同源物（smemed - tlk1a和smemed - tlk1b），并揭示了smmed - tlk1a在睾丸中的特异性需求。通过原位全载杂交检测到TLK1a在地中海花雌雄同体睾丸中的优先表达，荧光原位杂交检测到TLK1a在种系干细胞和精原细胞中的优先表达。rna干扰介导的smmed - tlk1a表达中断表明其功能是正常睾丸发育所必需的。使用阶段特异性遗传标记的详细分析显示，smb - tlk1a是雄性种系干细胞发育和/或维持所必需的。相比之下，在对照涡虫雌雄同体和smad - tlk1a敲低的涡虫之间，卵巢形态、卵发生和卵黄腺的发育没有区别，这表明该基因的正常表达在雌性生殖结构的发育过程中不是必需的。考虑到TLK在其他系统中的作用机制和精子发育的表型特异性，我们假设smmed - tlk1a驱动染色质结构的变化，这是雄性生殖系干细胞分化和/或维持所必需的。

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