Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography最新文献

英文中文

Assessment of oceanographic characteristics and water mass exchange in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman 波斯湾和阿曼湾海洋特征和水团交换的评估

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105503

Siamak Jamshidi, Samad Hamzei

Physical oceanography of the Persian Gulf (PG), Strait of Hormuz (SH), and Gulf of Oman (GO) waters is poorly understood, necessitating more extensive and long-term studies. The main goal of this research is to comprehend the oceanographic properties and water mass exchange in this region. The study evaluates the range and patterns of the changes in physical characteristics (salinity (S), temperature (T), and depth (D or pressure, P)) and structure, mixing and stratification, and circulation of water in the PG, SH and GO. The findings revealed that the maximum recorded sea surface temperature in the PG exceeded than that in the GO during the summer. Seawater temperature in the PG decreased from east to west in the winter. The maximum sound speed values were in the surface layer during the summer (approximately 1557.5 m/s). The maximum salinity gradient and winter halocline were found between depths of 40 and 60 m. The vertical structure of seawater indicates the formation of strong thermal and density stratifications in the summer. The Richardson Number (R_i No.) in the SH ranged from

{0.5 < R}_{i} N o . < 0.65

in the summer and it varied between

{0.03 < R}_{i} N o . < 0.15

during the winter. A dense water mass with a salinity more than 40 psμ (originating from the PG) was found below 150 m depth in the southwestern part of the GO. The stability and layering of the water column in the SH are under effect of the two-layer currents and the movement of water masses between the PG and GO. The static stability number (E) of the water column in the eastern part of the PG varied in the range of

3 \times 10^{- 4} < E < 6 \times 10^{- 4}

during the winter, and between

12 \times 10^{- 4} < E < 16 \times 10^{- 4}

in the summer. The maximum amount of the density anomaly occurs in the deep areas of the PG during the summer. During the winter, a two-layered water structure forms in the central areas of the SH. Horizontal and vertical gradients of the salinity and density facilitate the exchange of water masses between the PG and the GO through the SH. The average flushing time (Residence Time, T_Residence) of the PG is 1.82 years. The findings of the study offer an observational evaluation of the water mass exchange, seawater parameters, stratification,

对波斯湾（PG）、霍尔木兹海峡（SH）和阿曼湾（GO）水域的物理海洋学了解甚少，需要更广泛和长期的研究。本研究的主要目的是了解该地区的海洋学性质和水团交换。该研究评估了PG、SH和GO的物理特征(盐度(S)、温度(T)和深度（D或压力，P）、结构、混合和分层以及水的循环变化的范围和模式。结果显示，夏季太平洋的最高记录海表温度高于印度洋的最高记录海表温度。冬季PG海水温度自东向西降低。夏季声速最大值出现在表层，约为1557.5 m/s。最大盐度梯度和冬季盐跃层出现在深度40 ~ 60 m之间。海水垂直结构表明夏季形成了强烈的热分层和密度分层。夏季SH的理查德森数（Ri No）在0.5<RiNo.<；0.65之间，冬季在0.03<RiNo.<；0.15之间变化。在GO西南部150 m深度以下发现了盐度大于40 psμ的致密水团（来自PG）。浅海水柱的稳定和分层是受两层流和水团在浅海和浅海之间运动的影响。冬季PG东部水柱静态稳定数(E)在3×10−4<；E<；6×10−4范围内变化，夏季在12×10−4<；E<；16×10−4范围内变化。密度异常的最大量出现在夏季的太平洋深部。在冬季，浅海中部形成两层水结构。盐度和密度的水平和垂直梯度有利于浅海与氧化石墨酸之间的水团通过浅海交换。浅海的平均冲洗时间（Residence time, Residence）为1.82年。研究结果提供了对水质量交换、海水参数、分层和声速变化的观测评价。建议在额外的采样站继续研究，特别是在PG的南部，并在SH进行流量测量。

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引用次数: 0

New insights in benthic biodiversity of the saya de Malha Bank 对saya de Malha Bank底栖生物多样性的新认识

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105500

L. Corbari , P. Bouchet , L. Le Gall , S. Hourdez , I. Frutos , B. Gouillieux , E. Vassard , G. Moutardier , W.-J. Chen , S.-L. Ng , R. Bhagooli , S. Ramah , D. Kaullysing , V. Munbodhe , C. Labonte , R. Boone , S. Bender

In the South West Indian Ocean, a unique, remote and atypical geomorphological structure, the Saya de Malha Bank, is considered as an underwater 'island' that plays a key role in understanding benthic biodiversity and connectivity processes in the Indian Ocean. In 2022, the Saya de Malha Bank has been explored during the Indian Ocean expedition led by Monaco Explorations. A team of the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) and collaborators have explored the benthic diversity of the bank by deploying a combination of sampling methods, such as towed gears (dredge, trawl, and sledge) or by scuba-diving (on-sight, brushing and suction device samplings). A total of 81 stations have been sampled, comprising 35 shallow stations on the summit of the bank (19–58 m depth) and 46 stations gaining depth on the flanks of the bank (73–1141 m depth). From these sampling events, a large collection of marine invertebrates, fish and algae has been preserved for taxonomic (morphological and molecular) studies. The inventory of the benthic biodiversity of Saya de Malha is underway, but it is a long-term process. We propose here to focus on the most represented taxonomic groups (algae, molluscs, crustaceans, annelids and fish) by compiling the primary taxonomic data for the diversity metrics and highlighting some discoveries and potential species new to science. Although the inventory is far from complete, these first results emphasize the endemicity of the fauna and flora of the Saya de Malha Bank.

在西南印度洋，一个独特的、偏远的、非典型的地貌结构，Saya de Malha Bank，被认为是一个水下“岛屿”，在了解印度洋底栖生物多样性和连通性过程中起着关键作用。2022年，摩纳哥探险公司在印度洋探险期间对Saya de Malha Bank进行了勘探。法国国立自然历史博物馆（musum national d’histoire Naturelle，巴黎）的一个小组及其合作者通过采用多种采样方法，如拖网（挖泥船、拖网和雪橇）或水肺潜水（现场、刷洗和吸盘取样），探索了该银行的底栖生物多样性。共有81个站点进行了采样，其中35个站点位于河岸顶部（深度19-58米），46个站点位于河岸侧翼（深度73-1141米）。从这些采样事件中，大量的海洋无脊椎动物、鱼类和藻类被保存下来用于分类（形态和分子）研究。对Saya de Malha底栖生物多样性的调查正在进行中，但这是一个长期的过程。在此，我们建议将重点放在最具代表性的分类类群（藻类、软体动物、甲壳类、环节动物和鱼类）上，通过编制多样性指标的主要分类数据，并突出一些科学上的新发现和潜在物种。虽然清单还远未完成，但这些初步结果强调了Saya de Malha Bank的动物群和植物群的地方性。

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引用次数: 0

Diapycnal oxygen flux in the oxycline region of the core of the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone 阿拉伯海氧极小带核心的氧斜区底旋氧通量

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105499

K. Ashin , M.S. Girishkumar , V.V.S.S. Sarma , T.V.S. Udaya Bhaskar

This study quantified the relative contributions of double diffusion and shear-driven mixing on the diapycnal oxygen flux in the oxycline region of the core of the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ), a critical oceanic region regulating the local ecosystem dynamics significantly. For that purpose, we used concurrent measurements of vertical profiles of dissolved oxygen and microstructure shear collected during the scientific cruise in May 2019. It was found that the presence of a moderately strong salt finger regime in the oxycline region enhanced the downward diapycnal oxygen flux (-7.0 ± 0.5x10^-2 μmol m^-2 s^-1) by an order of magnitude higher in contrast to traditionally considered shear-driven turbulence alone (-6.4 ± 0.7 x 10^-3 μmol m^-2 s^-1). This difference is solely attributable to the small magnitude of diapycnal diffusivity due to shear-driven turbulence (2.8 ± 1.1 x 10^-6 m² s^-1) compared to salt finger (10^-5 to 10^-4 m² s^-1). For the sake of comparison, the magnitude of lateral flux of oxygen due to horizontal circulation (3x10^-4 μmol m^-2 s^-1) and oxygen consumption rates due to biological processes estimated from observation (-3x10^-3 to -40 x 10^-3 μmol m^-2 s^-1) were much smaller than salt finger induced downward diapycnal oxygen flux in the oxycline region. As a result, there was a net downward oxygen flux from the oxycline into the OMZ. These findings highlighted the need to incorporate double diffusion processes in biogeochemical models to improve the accuracy of vertical oxygen distribution simulations in the Arabian Sea OMZ.

本研究量化了双重扩散和剪切混合对阿拉伯海氧最小带（OMZ）核心氧斜区（一个显著调节当地生态系统动态的关键海洋区域）内氧环流通量的相对贡献。为此，我们同时测量了2019年5月科学巡航期间收集的溶解氧垂直剖面和微观结构剪切。研究发现，在氧斜区存在中等强度的盐指区，与传统上认为的剪切驱动湍流（-6.4±0.7 x 10-3 μmol m-2 s-1）相比，下向的氧通量（-7.0±0.5x10-2 μmol m-2 s-1）提高了一个数量级。这种差异完全是由于与盐指（10-5至10-4 m2 s-1）相比，由剪切驱动的湍流（2.8±1.1 x 10-6 m2 s-1）导致的内旋扩散率较小。相比之下，观测得到的水平环流侧向氧通量（3 × 10-4 μmol m-2 s-1）和生物过程耗氧速率（-3 × 10-3 ~ -40 × 10-3 μmol m-2 s-1）均远小于氧斜区盐指诱导的向下横向氧通量。结果，有一个净向下的氧通量从氧斜层进入OMZ。这些发现强调了在生物地球化学模型中纳入双重扩散过程的必要性，以提高阿拉伯海OMZ垂直氧气分布模拟的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

On the sensitivity of Optimum Multiparameter Analysis: a California Current System case study 最优多参数分析的敏感性：以加州电力系统为例

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105498

Mercedes Pozo Buil , Isaac Schroeder , Steven J. Bograd , Michael G. Jacox , Elliott L. Hazen , Dianne Deauna , Emanuele Di Lorenzo , Nicole S. Lovenduski , Samuel Mogen , Ryan R. Rykaczewski

Eastern boundary upwelling systems, like the California Current System (CCS), represent a confluence and mixing of water masses whose variability and composition play a key role in modulating their high biological productivity and ecosystem variability. In the southern CCS, the relative contribution (i.e. proportion) and variability of its source water masses was quantified previously using an extended Optimum MultiParameter (eOMP) analysis, which is an inverse modeling technique that solves a set of linear mixing equations using quasi-conservative and non-conservative properties. However, there are several oceanographic decisions implicit in eOMP analysis that can generate uncertainties in the representation of the mixing and proportions of the source waters in a region. Here we quantify the sensitivity of these previous eOMP results in the southern CCS to varying oceanographic assumptions based on the uncertainty of the water mass properties, modified Redfield ratios, and alternate locations of the eastern tropical Pacific source waters. We show that the mean relative contributions of the main CCS source waters are more sensitive to the location of their selected source region (∼20–25 %) and the Redfield ratio (∼15–20 %) than to the uncertainty in the source water properties (∼2–5 %). Understanding the uncertainties of the eOMP assumptions benefits similar studies in other regions, especially in other eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) where water masses characteristics and composition strongly impact the ecosystem.

东部边界上升流系统，如加利福尼亚洋流系统（CCS），代表了水团的汇合和混合，其变异性和组成在调节其高生物生产力和生态系统变异性方面起着关键作用。在南部CCS，源水质量的相对贡献（即比例）和变率先前使用扩展的最优多参数（eOMP）分析进行了量化，eOMP是一种逆建模技术，利用准保守和非保守性质求解一组线性混合方程。但是，在eOMP分析中隐含着若干海洋学决定，这些决定可能在表示一个区域内源水的混合和比例方面产生不确定性。在这里，我们量化了这些之前在南部CCS的eOMP结果对不同海洋学假设的敏感性，这些假设基于水质量特性的不确定性、修正的Redfield比率和热带太平洋东部源水的替代位置。我们发现，主要CCS源水的平均相对贡献对其所选源区域的位置（~ 20 - 25%）和Redfield比率（~ 15 - 20%）比对源水性质的不确定性（~ 2 - 5%）更为敏感。了解eOMP假设的不确定性有助于在其他地区进行类似的研究，特别是在其他东部边界上升流系统（EBUS）中，其中水团特征和组成强烈影响生态系统。

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引用次数: 0

The distribution and host utilization of octocoral infesting Ascothoracida (Crustacea, Thecostraca), including the discovery of a new species of Gorgonolaureus from the Emperor sea Mount Chain 研究了侵染尾足纲（甲壳纲，尾足纲）的八珊瑚的分布和寄主利用，包括在皇海山链中发现了一新种戈尔贡金色虫（Gorgonolaureus）

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105488

Gregory A. Kolbasov , Alexandra S. Savchenko

Ascothoracida is a small group of exclusively parasitic crustaceans in the class Thecostraca. A new ascothoracidan, Gorgonolaureus imperator sp. nov., was collected from the Emperor Seamount Chain. Three females were found in permanent cysts detached from an undetermined octocoral of the family Acanthogorgiidae (Malacalcyonacea). We provide a description of the new species based on light and scanning electron microscopy together with its CO1 gene sequence and discuss taxonomic affinities of Gorgonolaureus and other closely related sessile genera. Host specificity, trophic ecology and host-parasite interactions of Gorgonolaureus, Cardomanica, Isidascus and Thalassomembracis are compared, providing new insights into the biology of these crustaceans. Previous records of all these octocoral infesting genera with their localities, depths and host taxonomy are summarized, showing the diversity of host taxa, and the wide geographical and vertical ranges of the parasites. The new species represents the northernmost and deepest record for the genus.

腹足纲是腹足纲中一种完全寄生的甲壳类动物。在皇帝海山链中发现了一种新的副胸足类动物，即皇帝海山链中的帝王金颊龙。三名女性被发现在永久囊肿分离从家庭棘藻科（Malacalcyonacea）的未确定的八珊瑚。利用光镜和扫描电镜对该新种进行了描述，并对其CO1基因序列进行了分析，讨论了其与其他近缘无柄属的分类亲缘关系。比较了Gorgonolaureus、Cardomanica、Isidascus和thalassomailtis的宿主特异性、营养生态学和宿主-寄生虫相互作用，为这些甲壳类动物的生物学研究提供了新的见解。综述了八珊瑚侵染属的分布、深度和寄主分类，揭示了八珊瑚侵染属寄主分类的多样性，以及八珊瑚侵染属的广泛地理分布和垂直分布范围。新物种代表了该属最北端和最深的记录。

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引用次数: 0

Introduction to the Emperor Seamount Chain studies 帝山链概论研究

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105486

Tatiana N. Dautova

Seamounts are of interest to the scientific community as they occupy a significant part of the ocean floor area and are areas of high biodiversity and productivity. The Hawaiian-Emperor Chain, formed by the Hawaiian mantle plume, is crucial for understanding of the lithospheric plates’ movement in the past. The chain is the longest contiguous chain of islands, guyots and seamounts in the world, whose edges are located in contrasting climatic and biogeographic zones. It may provide stepping stones for dispersal of deep-sea fauna and serve as their refugia, as well as containing commercial resources. The geological features, plankton and fish stocks of this area have been studied since the 1970s, but bottom systems are poorly studied. With the development of deep-sea surveys and the use of ROVs, the bottom communities of the seamounts in the North Pacific and the Emperor Chain have been studied over the last 10 years.

Results

of three research cruises to the area performed in 2019 and 2021 are presented. Numerous new faunistic and biogeographic findings, including the biogeographic boundary between North Pacific and Central Pacific assemblages of species, are made. The feeding modes of the deep-sea corals in the Emperor Chain were surveyed. New data regarding high vertical mixing rates in the area (using Sr isotopes ratio) and possible influence of Aeolian dust input from Asia into the area were obtained. Although seamounts were not previously considered important regions for methane production, substantial methane generation at the Emperor Chain area was discovered. Given the large number of seamounts in the ocean, the global methane budget should be reconsidered.

海山是科学界感兴趣的地方，因为它们占据了海底面积的很大一部分，是生物多样性和生产力很高的地区。夏威夷-皇帝链是由夏威夷地幔柱形成的，对于理解过去岩石圈板块的运动至关重要。这条链是世界上最长的岛屿、土丘和海底山的连续链，其边缘位于不同的气候和生物地理区域。它可以为深海动物群的扩散提供踏脚石和避难所，同时也蕴藏着商业资源。自20世纪70年代以来，人们对该地区的地质特征、浮游生物和鱼类资源进行了研究，但对海底系统的研究很少。随着深海调查的发展和rov的使用，近10年来人们对北太平洋海底山和皇帝链的海底群落进行了研究。本文介绍了2019年和2021年对该地区进行的三次研究巡航的结果。许多新的动物和生物地理发现，包括北太平洋和中太平洋物种组合之间的生物地理边界。对英皇链的深海珊瑚的摄食方式进行了调查。获得了该地区高垂直混合率（利用Sr同位素比值）和亚洲风沙输入可能影响的新数据。虽然海山以前并不被认为是重要的甲烷生产区域，但在皇帝链地区发现了大量的甲烷生成。考虑到海洋中有大量的海底山，全球甲烷收支应该重新考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Deep-sea life associated with sediments and polymetallic nodules from the Central Indian Ocean Basin: Insights from 18S metabarcoding 与中印度洋盆地沉积物和多金属结核相关的深海生物：来自18S元条形码的见解

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105487

Dineshram Ramadoss , Bharath Subramanyam Ammanabrolu , Aneesha Acharya , Jojy John , Baban Ingole

The eukaryotic diversity of ocean sediments and polymetallic nodules (PMN) from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) is scarcely characterized and molecular studies are lacking, comprising a key research gap. This study aimed to leverage 18S rRNA gene amplicon metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) to describe the eukaryotic diversity of ocean sediments and PMN from the CIOB. Sediment and PMN samples were obtained at a depth of 5000 m from three CIOB ocean floor sites: Impact Reference Zone (IRZ), Preservation Reference Zone (PRZ), from the PMN International Seabed Authority Contract area of the Government of India, and a location outside the proposed mining zone named BC20. DNA was isolated and the 18S rRNA V9 region was amplified using primers 1391f and EukBr targeting approximately 150bp. Taxonomy was assigned using the reference databases: MZGDB database (MetaZoo WorldAtlas Database) for Animalia and SILVA138 release for Fungi and Protista. Alpha and beta diversities were calculated using the reads assigned to known phyla. In total, 11078041 paired-end reads were generated and 1327 ASVs were assigned to the kingdom level, while 297 were assigned to a minimum of phylum level for Animalia (213 ASVs), Fungi (66 ASVs), and Protista (18 ASVs). The taxa observed included Annelida, Arthropoda, Bryozoa, Chordata, Cnidaria and Mollusca; these are the phyla observed encompassing the 29 Animalia taxa. In total, 3 phyla from Fungi, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucuromycota, and 8 other phyla, Amoebozoa, Apicomplexa, Ciliophora, Dinoflagellata, Euglenozoa, Heterolobosea, Orchrophyta and Retaria were noted. Sediment and nodule communities from the same sampling sites were clustered in ordination plots. This study is a pioneering effort to document deep-sea biodiversity in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) using the eDNA metabarcoding method. With the hard substrates in the CIOB hosting a rich variety of flora and fauna, future mining activities could threaten these ecosystems. By providing a vital baseline for biodiversity assessments, the study highlights the necessity of extensive sampling to facilitate ongoing monitoring and mitigate potential impacts from exploration and mining.

中印度洋盆地（CIOB）海洋沉积物和多金属结核（PMN）的真核生物多样性几乎没有表征，缺乏分子研究，构成了一个关键的研究空白。本研究旨在利用环境DNA （eDNA）的18S rRNA基因扩增子元条形码来描述海洋沉积物和来自CIOB的PMN的真核多样性。沉积物和PMN样本来自CIOB的三个海底地点：影响参考区（IRZ），保护参考区（PRZ），来自印度政府的PMN国际海底管理局合同区域，以及拟议采矿区外名为BC20的地点。分离DNA，用引物1391f和EukBr扩增18S rRNA V9区，扩增目标约150bp。采用参考数据库进行分类：动物类采用MZGDB数据库（MetaZoo world datlas database），真菌和原生生物采用SILVA138数据库。α和β多样性是用已知门的reads来计算的。总共产生了11078041对末端读取，1327个asv被分配到界水平，297个asv被分配到最小门水平，分别为动物类（213个）、真菌类（66个）和原生动物（18个）。观察到的类群有环节动物、节肢动物、苔藓动物、脊索动物、刺胞动物和软体动物；这些是在29个动物分类群中观察到的门。共发现真菌门、子囊菌门、担子菌门、粘液菌门3门，变形虫门、顶复虫门、纤毛虫门、鞭毛虫门、裸藻门、异藻门、褐藻门、滞藻门8门。同一样点的沉积物群落和结瘤群落呈有序样地聚集。本研究是利用eDNA元条形码方法记录中印度洋盆地（CIOB）深海生物多样性的开创性工作。由于CIOB的硬基质承载着丰富多样的动植物，未来的采矿活动可能会威胁到这些生态系统。通过提供生物多样性评估的重要基线，该研究强调了广泛采样的必要性，以促进持续监测和减轻勘探和采矿的潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial variation of future trends in Atlantic upwelling cells from two CMIP6 models 来自两个CMIP6模式的大西洋上升流细胞未来趋势的空间变化

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105483

Raquel Flügel , Steven Herbette , Anne-Marie Treguier , Robin Waldman , Malcolm Roberts

Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are characterized by wind-triggered upwelling of deep waters along the coast. They are hotspots of biological productivity and diversity and therefore have a high economic, ecological and social importance. In the past, different methods using surface data have been used to estimate upwelling. Recently, the IPCC has suggested directly assessing vertical velocities as a promising method. We use this method to study the two Atlantic EBUS from CMIP6 models from the HadGEM3-GC3.1 and the CNRM6-CM6 family, for both the historical period and a high-emission future scenario with spatial resolutions in the ocean component ranging from 1°to 1/12°. The two major upwelling regions are divided in subregions depending on their seasonality. The vertical transport index shows similar values to a wind-derived Ekman index. Directly evaluating upwelling from transport processes further provides information about the depth of the upwelling, which has previously been identified as an important factor for nutrient availability. We show that depending on the subregion of the upwelling system, different cell structures can be seen in terms of depth and distance to the coast of maximum velocities. When looking at possible future changes, high interannual variability limits the significance of the trends but could indicate a poleward shift of the upwelling regions. A detailed comparison of the spatial structures and the distinction in subregions is important to explain contradictory trends in previous works.

东部边界上升流系统（EBUS）的特点是由风引发的沿海深水上升流。它们是生物生产力和多样性的热点，因此具有很高的经济、生态和社会重要性。在过去，利用地表数据的不同方法被用来估计上升流。最近，IPCC建议直接评估垂直速度是一种很有前途的方法。我们利用该方法研究了来自HadGEM3-GC3.1和CNRM6-CM6家族的CMIP6模式在历史时期和未来高排放情景下的两个大西洋EBUS，海洋分量的空间分辨率在1°到1/12°之间。两个主要的上升流区域根据其季节性划分为次区域。垂直输送指数与由风引起的Ekman指数值相似。直接评估来自运输过程的上升流进一步提供了有关上升流深度的信息，而上升流深度先前已被确定为营养可利用性的一个重要因素。我们表明，根据上升流系统的子区域，可以在深度和到最大速度海岸的距离方面看到不同的单元结构。在考虑未来可能的变化时，年际高变率限制了趋势的重要性，但可能表明上升流区域向极地移动。空间结构的详细比较和分区的区分对于解释以往作品中的矛盾趋势是重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Growth rates and ages of the small bamboo coral Acanella arbuscula in the Northwest Atlantic 西北大西洋小竹珊瑚Acanella arbuscula的生长速率和年龄

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105485

Laura F. Piccirillo , Evan Edinger , Bárbara de Moura Neves , Meghan Burchell , Graham D. Layne , Vonda E. Hayes

Acanella arbuscula is a common deep-water bamboo coral in the Northwest Atlantic and is considered a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems indicator. Growth rates and ages of A. arbuscula have not been confirmed, despite the importance of these metrics to understand the species recovery potential when disturbed. One-hundred and fifteen A. arbuscula samples were analyzed to examine the relationship between age, location, and depth, and how environmental conditions influence growth rates. Colonies were collected during scientific trawl or remotely operated vehicle surveys from the SW Grand Banks, Northern Labrador shelf, and SE Baffin shelf from depths of 178–1354 m. Skeletons were cross-sectioned at the proteinaceous nodes and examined under reflected light and fluorescence microscopy to quantify growth rings and determine age and growth rates. The species exhibited both major and minor growth rings. Major growth rings were confirmed to represent annual growth by comparing size metrics and age from a previously bomb-¹⁴C dated specimen of A. arbuscula versus specimens aged by growth rings. Minor (sub-annual) growth rings were not consistently observed across specimens and the cause of their formation is unknown. Ages ranged from 8 to 29 years, with radial growth rates of 0.025–0.160 mm/year and axial growth rates of 1.87–16.1 mm/year. Longevity for A. arbuscula is lower than the bamboo coral Keratoisis grayi in the NW Atlantic, but growth rates were consistent with other documented bamboo corals. Multiple regressions revealed that age influenced radial and axial growth rates, with no significant influence of bottom temperature or chlorophyll-a observed for radial growth rates. This study confirms frequency of ring formation in A. arbuscula and that growth rates for the species do not vary significantly based on geographic or bathymetric location.

阿卡ella arbuscula是西北大西洋常见的深水竹珊瑚，被认为是脆弱海洋生态系统的指标。尽管这些指标对于了解受干扰时物种的恢复潜力具有重要意义，但其生长速率和年龄尚未得到证实。研究人员分析了150个A. arbuscula样本，以研究年龄、位置和深度之间的关系，以及环境条件如何影响生长速度。通过科学拖网或远程操作的车辆调查，从西南大浅滩，北拉布拉多大陆架和东南巴芬大陆架的深度178-1354米收集了殖民地。在蛋白质节点处对骨骼进行横切，并在反射光和荧光显微镜下进行检查，以量化生长环，确定年龄和生长速度。该物种的生长年轮有大年轮和小年轮。通过比较先前用14c测定的a . arbuscula标本与用年轮测定的标本的大小指标和年龄，证实了主要的生长环代表了年生长。在不同的标本中观察到的小年轮并不一致，其形成的原因尚不清楚。年龄8 ~ 29岁，径向生长率为0.025 ~ 0.160 mm/年，轴向生长率为1.87 ~ 16.1 mm/年。竹珊瑚的寿命低于西北大西洋的灰色角化珊瑚（Keratoisis grayi），但生长速度与其他竹珊瑚一致。多元回归表明，年龄对径向和轴向生长速率有影响，而底部温度和叶绿素a对径向生长速率无显著影响。本研究证实了A. arbuscula的环形形成频率，并且该物种的生长速率不会因地理位置或水深位置而发生显着变化。

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引用次数: 0

Coral reefs health status variation around Kish Island before and after 2015 bleaching in the Persian Gulf: A case study of global warming effects 2015年前后波斯湾基什岛周围珊瑚礁健康状况的变化：全球变暖影响的案例研究

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography

Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105484

Askari-Hesni Majid , Bolouki-Kourandeh Mehdi , Somayeh Zangiabadi , Ali Reza Rastgoo , Mehdi Golestaninasab , Douglas Fenner

Despite the ecological importance of coral reefs in the Persian Gulf as one of the most sensitive and fragile marine ecosystems in this region, few ecological studies have been carried out in this area. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the species diversity of corals and cohabiting fishes, produce a health status assessment of hard corals in two different periods (2014 and 2020), identify the main destructive factors, and create a distribution map for coral reefs around Kish Island. During this survey, the density and percentage of live and dead corals were evaluated and compared in two periods. Cover percentage of live, bleached, and dead hard corals changed significantly from 2014 to 2020, and in most sites, biological communities are negatively affected. The situation is highly concerning for fishes that were examined as biological indicators of living conditions in the coral communities. Comparing 2014 and 2020 data, about half of fish species were not detected or rarely observed in 2020. Heat anomalies, fishing activities, and overtourism were found to be the most destructive factors on the coral reefs in Kish Island.

尽管波斯湾的珊瑚礁是该地区最敏感和脆弱的海洋生态系统之一，具有重要的生态意义，但在该地区开展的生态学研究很少。本研究的目的是评估珊瑚和同居鱼类的物种多样性，对2014年和2020年两个不同时期的硬珊瑚进行健康状况评估，确定主要破坏因素，并绘制基什岛周围珊瑚礁分布图。在调查期间，我们分两个阶段评估和比较活珊瑚和死珊瑚的密度和百分比。从2014年到2020年，活珊瑚、白化珊瑚和死珊瑚的覆盖比例发生了显著变化，在大多数地点，生物群落受到了负面影响。这种情况对作为珊瑚群落生活条件的生物指标而加以检查的鱼类来说是非常令人关切的。比较2014年和2020年的数据，2020年大约有一半的鱼类没有被检测到或很少被观察到。温度异常、捕捞活动和过度旅游是基什岛珊瑚礁最具破坏性的因素。

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