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ESTIMATING THE POTENTIAL OF VARIOUS HARBORING SITES OF PINK BOLLWORM (PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA) IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 评价不同环境因素对粉棉铃虫孳生地点的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.56520/asj.003.02.096
M. Nasir
Pectinophora gossypiella is the most potential pest among all bollworms of cotton crop. Studies were conducted to find the Pink Bollworm (PBW) moths population in pheromone traps installed near different harboring sites. Pink Bollworm larvae overwinter in cotton seeds or in soil. From these sources moth emerges, that affect the next season crop. The sex pheromone traps charged with Gossyplure [(Z, Z) and (Z, E) 7, 11 hexadecadienyl acetate] were installed on four potential sites of PBW to catch the moths. Data regarding PBW moths catch in sex pheromone traps were recorded on weekly basis while metrological factors effecting PBW moths catch were recorded on daily basis. Relationship between the moths catch and weather factors were computed by simple correlation. The results concluded that maximum mean moths catch were recorded in those traps that were installed near cotton sticks heaps i. e 85.61 followed by cotton field 24.47. The lowest average number of moths catch was captured in traps of cotton seed store 1.22. The highest moths mean population 3.87 was trapped in the month of September from cotton field traps, however no moth was recorded during the month of December among all the sites.  The moths catch in traps installed near cotton sticks heaps site has positive correlation with mean maximum and minimum temperature while has non-significant correlation with relative humidity and rainfall. Cotton sticks heaps are the major harboring sites of PBW infestation to the successive cotton crop.
棉蚜是棉花棉铃虫中最具潜在危害的害虫。采用信息素诱捕器对不同窝点附近的粉棉铃虫(PBW)蛾类种群进行了研究。粉棉铃虫幼虫在棉籽或土壤中越冬。从这些来源飞蛾出现,影响下一季的作物。在4个有可能捕获蛾类的地点设置带有Gossyplure ((Z, Z)和(Z, E) 7,11十六烯乙酸酯)的性信息素诱捕器。每周记录性信息素诱捕器捕获PBW蛾的数据,每天记录影响PBW蛾捕获的气象因子。用简单相关法计算了气象因子与飞蛾捕获量的关系。结果表明,棉棒堆附近设置的捕蝇器平均捕蛾量最高,为85.61,棉田次之,为24.47。棉籽库诱捕器平均捕获月蛾数最低,为1.22个。棉田诱蚊器平均捕获蛾只最多,9月为3.87只,12月无捕获蛾只。棉棒堆附近设置的捕蛾器与平均最高、最低气温呈显著正相关,与相对湿度和降雨量呈不显著相关。棉棒堆是棉铃虫侵染连作的主要孳生场所。
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引用次数: 0
ESTIMATION OF ANTIBIOTICS AND SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS TOWARDS BACTERIAL WILT OF POTATO CAUSED BY RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM 马铃薯青枯病抗菌素及合成药剂的评价
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.56520/asj.003.02.0119
M. Atiq, Muqaddas Riasat, N. Rajput, S. T. Sahi, M. Usman, H. Mazhar, A. Nawaz, A. Jabbar, Nasar-ur Rehman, Fahad Yaqoob, H. Shaheen
Bacterial wilt of potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is most severe bacterial disease effecting potato production worldwide.In present research, the effect of different chemicals [Score(24.51%), Topsin-M (70%), Cabrio (60%), Fossi l(29%), Milvet (80%), Forum Top (53%), Excel(80%), Evcin (80%), Electus Super (30%) and Copper Hydroxide (52.4%) and antibiotics [Quinosel (10%), Novamox -LA (15%), Neflox(30%), Gentam(20%), Velocef (29%), Rithmo (44%), Cefcom (52.4%), Cefstar(52.41%) were evaluated against R. solanacearum under in-vitro conditions through inhibition zone technique and then, the combined effect of most effective chemical Score and antibiotic Quinosel was evaluated in-vivo conditions. The findings of the current study suggest that certain chemicals and antibiotics may be considered as an effective tool for the management of R. solanacearum in potato cropping system.
马铃薯青枯病是影响马铃薯生产最严重的细菌性病害。本研究采用抑菌带技术,在体外条件下评价了不同化学药剂[Score(24.51%)、topsinm(70%)、Cabrio(60%)、Fossi(29%)、Milvet(80%)、Forum Top(53%)、Excel(80%)、Evcin(80%)、Electus Super(30%)、Copper Hydroxide(52.4%)]和抗生素[Quinosel(10%)、Novamox -LA(15%)、Neflox(30%)、Gentam(20%)、Velocef(29%)、Rithmo(44%)、Cefcom(52.4%)、Cefstar(52.41%)]对茄青霉的抑菌效果。在体内条件下评估最有效化学药物Score和抗生素喹诺赛尔的联合效果。目前的研究结果表明,某些化学物质和抗生素可能被认为是马铃薯种植系统中番茄枯病菌管理的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Prosopis Farcta, Urtica Dioica and Disper root on Vegetative Growth, Nutrients Contents of cv. Shahreban Pomegranate Transplant 山茱萸、山茱萸和山茱萸对玉米营养生长和养分含量的影响。沙赫拉班石榴移植
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.21130207
Azad A. Mayi, Naji Isam Barwary, Hasan Salim Nabi
This research was conducted on pomegranate transplants in a lath house during the growth season of 2020 of college of Agricultural engineering science, university of Duhok, to investigate the impact of spraying of Prosopis Farcta, Urtica Dioica and Disper root with 0,100, and 200 mg.L-1 concentration, with 0,100, and 200 mg.L-1 concentration and with (0, 75, and 150 mg.L-1) concentration respectively, on vegetative growth, nutrients contents of pomegranate transplants. The collected data indicate that the spraying of Prosopis Farcta extract, Urtica Dioica and Disper root especially at 200, 200, and 150 mg.L-1 respectively resulting in a considerable increase in the majority of the examined parameters. At high concentrations, the interaction of three examined components resulted in the maximum values of branches number 14.57, transplant height 143.67 cm, leaves number 157.33, Chlorophyll 48.97, Roots number 10, Root length 42.67 cm, leaf nitrogen content 2.507 %, phosphorus 0.267 % and potassium 1.433 %.
本研究以杜胡克大学农业工程科学学院2020年生长季的板条室内石榴移栽为试验对象,研究了用0.0100 mg、200mg喷施石榴花根、山茱花根和石榴花根对石榴移栽的影响。L-1浓度,0,100和200mg。L-1浓度和(0、75和150 mg.L-1)浓度对石榴移栽营养生长、营养成分含量的影响。收集的数据表明,在200、200和150 mg的剂量下,山茱萸提取物和山茱萸根的喷施效果最好。L-1分别导致大多数所检查参数的相当大的增加。在高浓度条件下,3种组分的交互作用最大,枝数14.57,移栽高度143.67 cm,叶数157.33,叶绿素48.97,根数10,根长42.67 cm,叶片氮含量2.507%,磷含量0.267 %,钾含量1.433%。
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引用次数: 1
A Study of Some Biological Aspects of Pacu Piaractus Brachypomus (G. Cuvier, 1818) Pacu Piaractus Brachypomus的生物学研究(G. Cuvier, 1818)
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.21130202
Mohammed Inad Ghazwan
The present study attempts to shed light on some biological aspects and characteristics of Piaractus brachypomus, including some biometrics, phenotypic and feeding pattern that characterizes this species. Besides, the study touches upon the body shape and the Otolith. These fish species have recently been seen frozen in the Iraqi local market. The standard length of fish specimens in this study reach 26.55cm it exceeded the specimens of Pacu fish collected from other studies from other countries, As well the specimens weight was 632gm it exceeded other studies mentioned in this manuscript. As the irregularity in the distribution of teeth rows, especially in the lower jaw was clear in our specimens. The average weight of some skull bones of Piaractus brachypomus specimens is 2.25g, which gives evidence of the heaviness of the bones of this species.
本研究试图揭示短腹圆角鼠的生物学特征,包括一些生物特征、表型和摄食模式。此外,研究还涉及到体型和耳石。最近在伊拉克当地市场看到这些鱼类被冷冻。本研究鱼类标本的标准长度为26.55cm,超过了其他国家研究中所采集的帕库鱼标本,标本重量为632gm,也超过了本文所提及的其他研究。由于牙齿排列分布的不规则性,特别是在下颌,在我们的标本中是清楚的。短角鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻长鼻。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Growth Regulators in The Multiplication of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Shoot and Callus Induction in Vitro 生长调节剂在甜菊茎部增殖和愈伤组织诱导中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.21130204
Zainab Hamed Abdul Rahim, Lamia Khalifa Jawad
The research was conducted to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on the vegetative multiplication of the Stevia plant shoot and the induction of callus from it. The results indicated that the interaction between 2.0 mg. L-1 BA with 0.5 mg. L -1 Kin gave the highest rate number of shoot with 6.32 branches and the highest average of leaves number Were 9.60 leaves compared to the lowest average for the number of shoot and leaves Were 1.40 shoot and 3.80 leaves respectively. As for the length of the shoot, the interaction between (1.0 mg. L-1 BA and 0.5 mg. L-1 Kin) gave the highest average shoot length 4.31 cm compared to the control which gave 2.20 cm. in connection with the callus induction, the concentration 3 mg. L-1 of NAA gave the highest percentage of callus induction from leaves 100%, and the lowest mean of days that for callus initiation was 9 days compared to the control which reached to 20 days. As for the wet and dry weights of callus tissue, the interaction between 2.0 mg. L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg. L -1BA gave the highest wet weight rate 3.68 g and the average dry weight was 0.31 g compared to the control which gave the lowest rate 0.95 g, 0.08 g respectively.
研究了植物生长调节剂对甜菊糖植株茎部营养增殖和愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明,2.0 mg。l - 1ba, 0.5 mg。L -1 Kin的芽数最高,分枝数为6.32,平均叶数最高为9.60片,平均枝数最低为1.40片,平均叶数最低为3.80片。对于茎长,(1.0 mg。l - 1ba和0.5 mg。L-1 Kin的平均茎长最高,为4.31 cm,而对照的平均茎长为2.20 cm。对于愈伤组织的诱导,浓度为3 mg。NAA浓度为L-1时,愈伤组织诱导率最高,达到100%,愈伤组织诱导平均天数最低,为9天,达到20天。对于愈伤组织干、湿质量,2.0 mg。L-1 NAA和0.5 mg。与对照相比,L -1BA的湿重率最高,为3.68 g,平均干重为0.31 g,湿重率最低,分别为0.95 g和0.08 g。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Adding Protected Amino Acids in the Rumen (Methionine and Lysine and their Mixtures) on Some Physiological Characteristics of Male Arabi Lambs 瘤胃中添加保护性氨基酸(蛋氨酸和赖氨酸及其混合物)对雄性阿拉伯羔羊某些生理特性的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.21130203
Yahya Harbi Abdul-Noor, Amad Falah Hassan
This study was conducted at the animal field of the Agriculture College / University of Basra / Karma Ali site for the period from 7/10/2019 to 1/5/2020 to investigation the effect of adding protected amino acids (methionine and lysine and their mixtures) on some physiological trails of male Arabi lambs. Sixteen male lambs with an average weight of (27.95) kg and an age of 5-6 months were selected, and randomly divided into four group (4 animals per group). The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the concentration of hemoglobin, packed cell volume, the number of red and white blood cells, cholesterol, triglycerides and the activity of the liver enzyme (ALT and AST) between the different treatments, while there was a significant (p <0.05) increase in the total protein and albumin concentration in the fourth treatment compared with the first treatment (control), while, there was a significant decrease (p <0.05) in the urea concentration for the fourth, third and second treatments compared with the first treatment. The concentrations of glucose, thyroxine and growth hormone increased significantly (p <0.05) in the fourth and second treatment compared with the first treatment. However, it can be concluded from the study that feeding the male lambs with 5g methionine or mixing it with lysine by 5g raises the concentration of glucose, growth hormones and thyroxine in the blood. Also, the levels of methionine and lysine used did not change the concentration of the studied biochemical parameters
本研究于2019年7月10日至2020年1月5日在巴士拉大学/卡尔玛阿里农业学院动物场进行,研究添加保护性氨基酸(蛋氨酸和赖氨酸及其混合物)对雄性阿拉伯羔羊某些生理轨迹的影响。选取平均体重(27.95)kg、5 ~ 6月龄的公羊羔16只,随机分为4组(每组4只)。结果表明:不同处理之间血红蛋白浓度、堆积细胞体积、红细胞和白细胞数量、胆固醇、甘油三酯和肝酶(ALT和AST)活性均无显著差异,而第4处理的总蛋白和白蛋白浓度较第1处理(对照组)显著(p <0.05)升高;4、3、2个处理的尿素浓度均显著低于1个处理(p <0.05)。葡萄糖、甲状腺素和生长激素浓度在第4、2次处理时较第1次处理显著升高(p <0.05)。然而,本研究可以得出结论,给公羊羔喂食5g蛋氨酸或与赖氨酸混合5g蛋氨酸会提高血液中葡萄糖、生长激素和甲状腺素的浓度。此外,蛋氨酸和赖氨酸的添加水平没有改变所研究的生化参数的浓度
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引用次数: 0
Using of Microsatellites to Study the Genetic Polymorphisms of SRYm18 Region in Iraqi Sheep 利用微卫星研究伊拉克绵羊SRYm18区遗传多态性
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.21130205
Hawraa Al-Mohamadawi, Asaad Y. Ayied
The origin of animals is usually determined by their paternal genotypes of the genes on the Y chromosome. In addition to the genes and their polymorphisms in the genome of mitochondria that are inherited through dams. In view of the lack of studies focusing on the genes of the Y chromosome in the world and their absence in Iraq. The aim of the present study was to identify the multiple genetic polymorphisms of the SRYM18 gene in the Arabi and Awassi sheep raised in Iraq. The study was conducted in the Genetic Engineering Laboratories - College of Agriculture, University of Basra, as well as in the Basra Genome Laboratory. The amplification of the SRYM18 gene showed genetic polymorphisms and gave a gene segment of (103-880) bp. The number of alleles of the SRYm18 gene was 13 alleles in the Arabi and 16 alleles in the Awassi breeds. The equilibrium test showed that the two breeds were under equilibrium. The two breeds were identical with nine alleles, while the number of special alleles for the Arabi breed was two, while the Awassi breed was distinguished by five. The number of rare alleles reached 20, of which seven were of the Arabi breed, and 13 of them were of the Awassi breed. Mean expected heterozygosity was 0.6386 with nonsignificant Fis for Arabi breed (0.1541) but significant for Awassi breed (0.2213). Mean neutrality was close to lower bound (0.1721) and (0.1270) for Arabi and Awassi breeds respectively
动物的起源通常是由它们父系Y染色体上的基因型决定的。除了基因和它们在线粒体基因组中的多态性是通过水坝遗传的。鉴于世界上缺乏对Y染色体基因的研究,伊拉克也没有。本研究的目的是鉴定伊拉克饲养的阿拉伯羊和阿瓦西羊的SRYM18基因的多重遗传多态性。这项研究是在巴士拉大学农业学院基因工程实验室以及巴士拉基因组实验室进行的。SRYM18基因扩增结果显示遗传多态性,基因片段长度为(103 ~ 880)bp。sym18等位基因在阿拉比品种中有13个,在阿瓦西品种中有16个。平衡试验表明,两个品种均处于平衡状态。两个品种有9个相同的等位基因,阿拉比品种有2个特殊等位基因,而阿瓦西品种有5个特殊等位基因。稀有等位基因数量达到20个,其中7个是阿拉比品种,13个是阿瓦西品种。平均期望杂合度为0.6386,阿拉比品种(0.1541)不显著,而阿瓦西品种(0.2213)显著。阿拉比犬和阿瓦西犬的平均中性度分别接近下限(0.1721)和下限(0.1270)
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Adding Tartaric and Salicylic Acids and Their Mixture to Water and Diet in Egg Quality Characteristics of Aged Laying Hens 水和饲粮中添加酒石酸和水杨酸及其混合物对老龄蛋鸡蛋品质的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.21130206
A. Taleb Dhiab, Younus Abbas Khalaf Al-Saadi
The study aimed to know the effect of adding tartaric and salicylic acids alone and a mixture of water and diet on the egg quality characteristics of aged laying hens for brown Lohmann. 210 laying hens 60 weeks old were used The duration of the experiment, which lasted 112 days(16 weeks), was divided into four equal periods at a rate of 28 days for each period,, distributed in equal numbers to 21 ground hens, 10 laying hens for each hen, and distributed to seven treatments with three replications of the treatment, T1 was fed a standard diet without adding (control), T2 was fed a standard diet supplemented with 0.2% tartaric acid with water, T3 was fed a standard diet supplemented with 0.2% salicylic acid with water, T4 was fed a standard diet supplemented with 0.4% tartaric acid and salicylic acid was added with water, T5 was fed a standard diet supplemented with % 0.2 tartaric acid in the diet, T6 was fed a standard diet supplemented with 0.2% salicylic acid in the diet, T7 was fed a standard diet supplemented with 0.4% a mixture of tartaric and salicylic acid in the diet. The results of adding the two acids in the water and feed showed that there was a significant improvement (P≤0.01) in the quality characteristics of the eggs produced, as it significantly improved the shell weight, shell thickness, albumin height, albumin weight, Haugh unit, rate of yolk height, yolk weight, and the yolk diameter was significantly reduced for the coefficients of The addition compared with the control treatment.
研究旨在了解单独添加酒石酸和水杨酸的酸的效果和水的混合物和饮食对卵子质量的特点为布朗罗曼蛋鸡。210岁的蛋鸡60周大实验的时间使用,持续112天(16周),分为4个相等时间28天的速度为每一个时期,,分布在等量21地面母鸡,10蛋鸡为每一只母鸡,分为7个处理,共3个重复,T1饲喂不添加(对照)标准饲粮,T2饲喂添加0.2%酒石酸的标准饲粮,T3饲喂添加0.2%水杨酸的标准饲粮,T4饲喂添加0.4%酒石酸和水杨酸的标准饲粮,T5饲喂添加% 0.2酒石酸的标准饲粮。T6饲喂在标准饲粮中添加0.2%水杨酸的试验饲粮,T7饲喂在标准饲粮中添加0.4%酒石酸和水杨酸混合物的试验饲粮。结果表明,在水和饲料中添加这两种酸对所产蛋的品质特性均有显著改善(P≤0.01),与对照处理相比,添加这两种酸显著提高了蛋壳重、蛋壳厚度、白蛋白高度、白蛋白重、哈氏单位、蛋黄高率、蛋黄重,蛋黄直径显著降低。
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引用次数: 0
A Nutritional Comparison Study of Three Oaks Species Grown in Gara Mountains 加拉山三种橡树的营养比较研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.21130208
Khalid Ismail Saleem, Khaleda Haji Abdullah, Karvan Faraj Saadallah, Hilbin Ibrahim Abdullah, Rand Omar Khalo
The preferred livelihood assets for meat and nutritious milk in thousands villages of Kurdistan rejoin/Iraq are sheep and goats. They generally rely on free roaming in rangeland during the growing seasons. In order to maintain their livestock during the scarcity of forages at winter seasons, the leaves and twigs of (Quercus aegilops, Q. infectoria and Q. libani) are harvested and dried as (dry leaf faggots) at autumn season to use as major substitute of feed. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional values of those three oaks species’ leaves at the same time of collecting period. Gara Mountains were chosen due to the wide presence of all three species. Leaves samples were collected at late September 2015 at elevation about 1250 MASL. The results have shown differences in chemical composition. Q. libani recorded higher content of dry matter (DM), ash and crude protein (CP), and lower content of crud fiber (CF). Higher content of ether extract (EE) was recorded in both Q. aegilops and Q. libani. The higher content of nitrogen free extract (NFE) and potassium (K) were recorded in Q. infectoria. While Q. aegilops recorded higher (CF) content. All Quercus species can be used as alternative feed substitute for small ruminant especially with some additives (such as salt, vitamin, and water), but more nutritive value was Q. libani then Q. infectoria followed by Q. aegilops. Therefore, the priority should be for Q. libani in foremost followed by Q. infectoria when dry leaves faggot were made.
在库尔德斯坦/伊拉克的数千个村庄,人们首选的肉类和营养奶的生计资产是绵羊和山羊。它们通常在生长季节在牧场自由漫游。为了在冬季牧草匮乏时维持牲畜的生存,在秋季采收(栎、黑栎和栎)的叶和枝,干燥成(干叶捆),作为主要的饲料代用品。本研究对这三种栎树在同一采集期叶片的营养价值进行了评价。选择加拉山是因为这三个物种广泛存在。叶片样品采集于2015年9月下旬,海拔约1250 MASL。结果显示了化学成分的差异。干物质(DM)、灰分(灰分)和粗蛋白质(CP)含量较高,粗纤维(CF)含量较低。黄芪和黄芪的粗醚提取物(EE)含量均较高。无氮浸出物(NFE)和钾(K)含量较高。黄芪的CF含量较高。所有栎种均可作为小反刍动物的替代饲料,特别是添加一些添加剂(如盐、维生素和水),但营养价值最高的是利栎,其次是感染栎,其次是盾栎。因此,在干叶成束后,应优先处理白僵菌,其次是侵染菌。
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引用次数: 2
Oviposition Deterrence of Fruit fly in Treated Mangoes with Ant cues and Fungus B. bassiana 蚂蚁和球孢白僵菌对芒果中果蝇产卵的抑制作用
Pub Date : 2021-09-25 DOI: 10.56520/asj.v1i1.27
Rimsha Tahir
Bacterocera zonata is a very serious pest of fruit crops especially mangoes over the globe. The present study was conducted to observe oviposition deterrence in B. zonata under lab conditions. Mangoes (Desi, Chaunsa and Anwar Ratool) were treated with ant cues and entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana. Oviposition deterrence was recorded when nonspecific and variety specific (Chaunsa, Anwar Ratol) mangoes were treated with ant cues and B. bassiana at different intervals (exposure to 4 days). It showed that the mean number of oviposition punctures tend to increase with time. Minimum fruits puncture was found at day 1 in B. bassiana treated mangoes, while at 4th day, maximum number of punctures were observed in untreated mangoes. B. bassiana treated mangoes showed minimum number of punctures than ant cues and untreated mangoes were observed with highest number of punctures.
带菌杆菌是危害水果作物尤其是芒果的一种严重害虫。本研究在实验室条件下观察了绿纹小蠊的产卵抑制作用。用蚂蚁线索和球孢白僵菌处理芒果(Desi、Chaunsa和Anwar Ratool)。对非特异性和品种特异性(Chaunsa, Anwar Ratol)芒果进行不同时间(暴露4 d)的蚂蚁提示和球孢白僵菌处理,记录了其产卵抑制作用。结果表明,产卵刺破的平均次数随时间的增加而增加。球孢白僵菌处理芒果果实穿刺次数在第1天最少,未处理芒果果实穿刺次数在第4天最多。球孢白僵菌处理的芒果刺穿次数最少,未处理的芒果刺穿次数最多。
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引用次数: 0
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Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal
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