Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.56520/asj.004.01.0128
N. Liaqat
Potato crop is facing serious threat due to blackleg disease caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum. For pathogen isolation and identification, diseased samples were collected, processed and confirmed through Koch’s postulates, gram staining, KOH test and Potato tuber assay. Nine plants extracts P. guajava (Guava), P. granatum (Pomegranate), S. pinnata (Plum), S. cumini (Kalajam), M. indica (Mango), T. indica, L.chinensis (Litchi), V.amurensis (Grapes) and C. verum (Cinnamon) were evaluated against Pa by using inhibition zone technique under Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Maximum inhibition zone was measured by S. cumini (7.640 mm?) followed by C. verunn (6.566), C. vinifera (4.159), T. indica (3.437), P. granatum (2.918), p.guajava (2.844), S. pinata (2.751), M. indica (2.344), L. chinensis (2.251) as compared to control, respectively. Interaction between treatments and concentrations indicated that C1 concentration of S. cumini (6.955) expressed maximum inhibition zone as compared to C. verunn (5.177), C. vinifera (3.177), T. indica (3.288), P. granatum (1.844), p.guajava (2.066), S. piñata (2.288), M. indica (1.066), L. chinensis (1.733) mm while C2 concentration of S. cumini (7.455) also expressed maximum inhibition zone followed by C. verunn (7.177), C. vinifera (4.122), T. indica (3.344), P. granatum (3.344), p.guajava (2.677), S. piñata (3.344), M. indica (2.733), L. chinensis (2.344) mm and at C3 concentration exhibited 8.511,7.344, 5.177, 3.677, 3.566, 3.788, 3.400, 3.566, 2.677mm inhibition zone of treatments as compared to control respectively. While interaction between treatments and hours showed that S. cumini (6.844, 7.622, 8.455) exhibited maximum inhibition zone and L. chinensis (1.566, 2.233, 2.955) expressed minimum inhibition zone at H1, H2 and H3 as compared to control respectively.
{"title":"IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF BLACK LEG OF POTATO","authors":"N. Liaqat","doi":"10.56520/asj.004.01.0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.004.01.0128","url":null,"abstract":"Potato crop is facing serious threat due to blackleg disease caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum. For pathogen isolation and identification, diseased samples were collected, processed and confirmed through Koch’s postulates, gram staining, KOH test and Potato tuber assay. Nine plants extracts P. guajava (Guava), P. granatum (Pomegranate), S. pinnata (Plum), S. cumini (Kalajam), M. indica (Mango), T. indica, L.chinensis (Litchi), V.amurensis (Grapes) and C. verum (Cinnamon) were evaluated against Pa by using inhibition zone technique under Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Maximum inhibition zone was measured by S. cumini (7.640 mm?) followed by C. verunn (6.566), C. vinifera (4.159), T. indica (3.437), P. granatum (2.918), p.guajava (2.844), S. pinata (2.751), M. indica (2.344), L. chinensis (2.251) as compared to control, respectively. Interaction between treatments and concentrations indicated that C1 concentration of S. cumini (6.955) expressed maximum inhibition zone as compared to C. verunn (5.177), C. vinifera (3.177), T. indica (3.288), P. granatum (1.844), p.guajava (2.066), S. piñata (2.288), M. indica (1.066), L. chinensis (1.733) mm while C2 concentration of S. cumini (7.455) also expressed maximum inhibition zone followed by C. verunn (7.177), C. vinifera (4.122), T. indica (3.344), P. granatum (3.344), p.guajava (2.677), S. piñata (3.344), M. indica (2.733), L. chinensis (2.344) mm and at C3 concentration exhibited 8.511,7.344, 5.177, 3.677, 3.566, 3.788, 3.400, 3.566, 2.677mm inhibition zone of treatments as compared to control respectively. While interaction between treatments and hours showed that S. cumini (6.844, 7.622, 8.455) exhibited maximum inhibition zone and L. chinensis (1.566, 2.233, 2.955) expressed minimum inhibition zone at H1, H2 and H3 as compared to control respectively.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86464032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the effect of colchicine (C) on seeds germination, as well as morph physiological traits of wheat, where dry wheat seeds were treated with colchicine at concentrations of (C) were (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 %) compared to soaking in distilled water (control). The variance analysis results of laboratory germination experiments as well as in field experiments under rain-fed conditions showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean of most of the studied quantitative traits: germination quality such as germination force (%), germination energy (%), and laboratory germination (%). Leaf area (cm2 ), root spread, stem diameter (cm), as well as wet and dry weight under the influence of the different concentrations of colchicine. Where the results showed that when used wheat seeds which pre-soaked with colchicine solution at a concentration of (0.06) % for 56 hours pre-sowing, led to an obvious significant increase in all studied traits morph physiological properties and seedling vigor when compared to the control (untreated seeds - treated with distilled water only) as well as when compared with other concentrations of colchicine.
{"title":"Influence of Colchicine Concentrations on Wheat Seeds Germination and Seedling Quality","authors":"Mona A. Allafe, Asmaa R. Adam","doi":"10.52951/dasj.22140108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140108","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effect of colchicine (C) on seeds germination, as well as morph physiological traits of wheat, where dry wheat seeds were treated with colchicine at concentrations of (C) were (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 %) compared to soaking in distilled water (control). The variance analysis results of laboratory germination experiments as well as in field experiments under rain-fed conditions showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean of most of the studied quantitative traits: germination quality such as germination force (%), germination energy (%), and laboratory germination (%). Leaf area (cm2 ), root spread, stem diameter (cm), as well as wet and dry weight under the influence of the different concentrations of colchicine. Where the results showed that when used wheat seeds which pre-soaked with colchicine solution at a concentration of (0.06) % for 56 hours pre-sowing, led to an obvious significant increase in all studied traits morph physiological properties and seedling vigor when compared to the control (untreated seeds - treated with distilled water only) as well as when compared with other concentrations of colchicine.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84754345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.56520/asj.004.01.0137
M. Atiq
Chilli anthracnose is the most ravaging biotic stress to chilli that adversely degrades chilli production across the globe. For efficient disease management, accurate taxonomic data is required. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, various Colletotrichum species can be linked to anthracnose in the same host. Although various Colletotrichum spp. have been described as causative agents of this disease globally, interactions of species associated to the disease are poorly understood. Despite extensive research on the disease management, commercial cultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogenic fungus causing chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. The main aim of the present manuscript is to throw light on pathogen profile, symptomology, epidemiology, and strategies for disease management.
{"title":"A WAY FORWARD TOWARDS THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILLI ANTHRACNOSE - A REVIEW","authors":"M. Atiq","doi":"10.56520/asj.004.01.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.004.01.0137","url":null,"abstract":"Chilli anthracnose is the most ravaging biotic stress to chilli that adversely degrades chilli production across the globe. For efficient disease management, accurate taxonomic data is required. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, various Colletotrichum species can be linked to anthracnose in the same host. Although various Colletotrichum spp. have been described as causative agents of this disease globally, interactions of species associated to the disease are poorly understood. Despite extensive research on the disease management, commercial cultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogenic fungus causing chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. The main aim of the present manuscript is to throw light on pathogen profile, symptomology, epidemiology, and strategies for disease management.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78819652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.56520/asj.004.01.0131
M. Ahsan
The discharge of dangerous contaminants like pesticides, chemicals and heavy metals into the natural ecosystem is a worldwide issue. Therefore, it is important to identify fast-moving and recyclable contaminants. Biosensors are highly sensitive devices for detecting environmental pollution. Various biosensor types have been developed to detect environmental contamination. Biosensor is the most recent breakthrough in environmental pollution detection and monitoring. Biosensors are widely used in the detection of pesticides, heavy metals, surfactants, biological oxygen demand, phenolic compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, and pathogenic organisms. This paper mainly focuses on the principle, working, characteristics, and uses of biosensors, which are constructed for the detection of pollution.
{"title":"BIOSENSORS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DETECTION AND MONITORING","authors":"M. Ahsan","doi":"10.56520/asj.004.01.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.004.01.0131","url":null,"abstract":"The discharge of dangerous contaminants like pesticides, chemicals and heavy metals into the natural ecosystem is a worldwide issue. Therefore, it is important to identify fast-moving and recyclable contaminants. Biosensors are highly sensitive devices for detecting environmental pollution. Various biosensor types have been developed to detect environmental contamination. Biosensor is the most recent breakthrough in environmental pollution detection and monitoring. Biosensors are widely used in the detection of pesticides, heavy metals, surfactants, biological oxygen demand, phenolic compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, and pathogenic organisms. This paper mainly focuses on the principle, working, characteristics, and uses of biosensors, which are constructed for the detection of pollution.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88620474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.56520/asj.004.01.0130
S. Aslam, N. Khan, Muhammad Hammad Hassan
The renovation of agro-industrial waste to valuable form such as protein containing food is dire need of world to decrease the agricultural and industrial waste material. Pleurotus pulmonariusis a type of oyster mushroom used generally as protein rich food. Oyster mushroom is commonly used as commercial level for the protein consumption. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) shells are not easily degradable in the natural environment so mushroom cultivation can easily convert the cellulosic material into protein with less effort and time. Research was conducted on the Pleurotus pulmonaris cultivation by utilizing chiefly peanut shell along with other agricultural wastes such as wheat straw, cotton straw and Paper waste. Cultivation of oyster mushroom was observed on peanut shell substrate by mixing it with cotton waste, wheat straw and paper waste. It was found that the best yield 337.68 g of mushroom was observed when peanut shell was mixed with cotton waste with maximum biological efficiency 33.38%. While the minimum yield 156.58 g was observed when peanut shell alone was used as substrate with minimum biological efficiency 18.21%.
{"title":"USE OF PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) SHELLS WASTE ALONG WITH DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR THE CULTIVATION OF PLEUROTUS PULMONARIUS","authors":"S. Aslam, N. Khan, Muhammad Hammad Hassan","doi":"10.56520/asj.004.01.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.004.01.0130","url":null,"abstract":"The renovation of agro-industrial waste to valuable form such as protein containing food is dire need of world to decrease the agricultural and industrial waste material. Pleurotus pulmonariusis a type of oyster mushroom used generally as protein rich food. Oyster mushroom is commonly used as commercial level for the protein consumption. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) shells are not easily degradable in the natural environment so mushroom cultivation can easily convert the cellulosic material into protein with less effort and time. Research was conducted on the Pleurotus pulmonaris cultivation by utilizing chiefly peanut shell along with other agricultural wastes such as wheat straw, cotton straw and Paper waste. Cultivation of oyster mushroom was observed on peanut shell substrate by mixing it with cotton waste, wheat straw and paper waste. It was found that the best yield 337.68 g of mushroom was observed when peanut shell was mixed with cotton waste with maximum biological efficiency 33.38%. While the minimum yield 156.58 g was observed when peanut shell alone was used as substrate with minimum biological efficiency 18.21%.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81996624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharjeel Khawar, Raheel Suleman, Saeed Akhtar, Muhammad Riaz, Tariq Ismail, Amir Ismail, Aneela Hameed
Abstract Globally, both in developing and developed countries due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a loss of income, many people ran out of livelihood, a change in the food environment occurred, social inequalities formed, country’s economy declined, food prices increased, which in return affected the food security and nutrition of the affected countries badly. COVID-19 impacted food security by causing a disturbance in food supply chains, global economic decline, and income losses. It also broadened social inequalities, caused disturbance to social protection programs, transformed the food environs, and increased the localized food expenses. The consequences of COVID-19 on food security include trade restrictions, hunger, unemployment, maternal and child health, and household food insecurity. Thus, to overcome the negative effects on COVID-19 or any other future crisis, every country needs to improve its food system and should achieve sustainable millennium goals.
{"title":"IMPACT OF VIRAL OUTBREAK COVID-19 ON FOOD SECURITY AND RELATED ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES","authors":"Sharjeel Khawar, Raheel Suleman, Saeed Akhtar, Muhammad Riaz, Tariq Ismail, Amir Ismail, Aneela Hameed","doi":"10.56520/asj.v3i2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v3i2.97","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Globally, both in developing and developed countries due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a loss of income, many people ran out of livelihood, a change in the food environment occurred, social inequalities formed, country’s economy declined, food prices increased, which in return affected the food security and nutrition of the affected countries badly. COVID-19 impacted food security by causing a disturbance in food supply chains, global economic decline, and income losses. It also broadened social inequalities, caused disturbance to social protection programs, transformed the food environs, and increased the localized food expenses. The consequences of COVID-19 on food security include trade restrictions, hunger, unemployment, maternal and child health, and household food insecurity. Thus, to overcome the negative effects on COVID-19 or any other future crisis, every country needs to improve its food system and should achieve sustainable millennium goals.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83039113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study attempts to find out the effect of some fish preservatives in the laboratory, such as alcohol and dilute formalin, on some biological characteristics related to the body measurements of those fish preserved in these materials. The fish used in this study were the local Planiliza abu. The processes of expansion and contraction of the bodies of fish preserved in diluted formalin solution at a concentration of 10% and diluted ethyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 70%. As that the standard length of the specimens of this study, which are separately preserved in formalin 10% and alcohol 70%, in a completely isolated are fluctuating in change. Constant shrinkage in head length in both diluted formalin and alcohol. Most fish bodies preserved in formalin at a concentration of 10% gain significant weight gain, in contrast to alcohol preservation.
{"title":"Effect of Some Preservative Solutions on Some Morphometric Features of Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)","authors":"Mohammed Inad Ghazwan","doi":"10.52951/dasj.21130201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.21130201","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempts to find out the effect of some fish preservatives in the laboratory, such as alcohol and dilute formalin, on some biological characteristics related to the body measurements of those fish preserved in these materials. The fish used in this study were the local Planiliza abu. The processes of expansion and contraction of the bodies of fish preserved in diluted formalin solution at a concentration of 10% and diluted ethyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 70%. As that the standard length of the specimens of this study, which are separately preserved in formalin 10% and alcohol 70%, in a completely isolated are fluctuating in change. Constant shrinkage in head length in both diluted formalin and alcohol. Most fish bodies preserved in formalin at a concentration of 10% gain significant weight gain, in contrast to alcohol preservation.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80331294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Mazhar, Muhammad Faizan Ullah, M. Atiq, N. Rajput, Shafqat Ali, M. Usman, U. Ahmad, A. Nawaz, S. Iqbal
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is the most destructive disease of citrus throughout the world. Synthetic chemicals have so far proved ineffective and harmful to the environment. That is why in current study, phyto-extracts were examined due to their less hazardous and eco-friendly nature. For the management of citrus canker, nine medicinal phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa, C. tamala, Z. officinale, P. nigrum, C. verum, S. aromaticum, E. globu, T. Graecum) were evaluated under lab condition. Maximum inhibition zone was produced by C. colocynthis (25.71mm) followed by N. sativa (21.52mm), C. tamala (18.63mm), Z. officinale (20.42mm), P. nigrum (18.99mm). C. verum (15.73mm), S. aromaticum (18.75mm), E. globu (15.37mm), T. Graecum (14.57mm) as compared to control under lab conditions. The most effective phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa) were evaluated under greenhouse and field condition. Minimum disease severity (12.62%) was observed when of (C. colocynthis + N. sativa) were applied in combination followed by C. colocynthis (23.23%) and N. sativa (28.31%) as compared to the control under greenhouse condition. Maximum disease incidence was noticed by N. sativa (42.18%), C. colocynthis (36.79%) and minimum disease incidence (27.40%) was observed when (C. colocynthis+ N. sativa) were applied in combinations under field condition as compared to the control and reduce the disease severity up to 50%. The results showed that C. colocynthis+ N. sativa can be implicated for the management of citrus canker.
柑橘溃疡病，由柑橘黄单胞菌引起。柑橘病是世界上最具破坏性的柑橘病。迄今为止，合成化学品被证明是无效的，而且对环境有害。这就是为什么在目前的研究中，植物提取物由于其危害较小和环保的性质而被检查。为了防治柑橘溃疡病，在实验室条件下对九种药用植物提取物(colocynthis, N. sativa, C. tamala, Z. officinale, P. nigrum, C. verum, S. aromaticum, E. globu, T. Graecum)进行了评价。抑菌区最大的是紫锥菊(25.71mm)，其次是紫锥菊(21.52mm)、塔玛拉菊(18.63mm)、黄锥菊(20.42mm)、黑锥菊(18.99mm)。在实验室条件下，与对照相比，verum (15.73mm)， S. aromaticum (18.75mm)， E. globu (15.37mm)， T. Graecum (14.57mm)。在温室和田间条件下评价了最有效的植物提取物(colocynthis, N. sativa)。在温室条件下，与对照相比，油菜+油菜配施的病害严重程度最低(12.62%)，其次是油菜+油菜配施(23.23%)和油菜配施(28.31%)。田间条件下，与对照相比，油菜和油菜组合施用时，油菜发病率最高(42.18%)，油菜发病率最高(36.79%)，油菜+油菜组合施用时发病率最低(27.40%)，病害严重程度可降低50%。结果表明，紫孢霉+紫孢霉可能参与柑橘溃疡病的防治。
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PHYTOCHEMICALS TOWARDS XANTHOMONAS CITRI PV. CITRI CAUSING CITRUS CANKER","authors":"H. Mazhar, Muhammad Faizan Ullah, M. Atiq, N. Rajput, Shafqat Ali, M. Usman, U. Ahmad, A. Nawaz, S. Iqbal","doi":"10.56520/asj.003.02.094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.003.02.094","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is the most destructive disease of citrus throughout the world. Synthetic chemicals have so far proved ineffective and harmful to the environment. That is why in current study, phyto-extracts were examined due to their less hazardous and eco-friendly nature. For the management of citrus canker, nine medicinal phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa, C. tamala, Z. officinale, P. nigrum, C. verum, S. aromaticum, E. globu, T. Graecum) were evaluated under lab condition. Maximum inhibition zone was produced by C. colocynthis (25.71mm) followed by N. sativa (21.52mm), C. tamala (18.63mm), Z. officinale (20.42mm), P. nigrum (18.99mm). C. verum (15.73mm), S. aromaticum (18.75mm), E. globu (15.37mm), T. Graecum (14.57mm) as compared to control under lab conditions. The most effective phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa) were evaluated under greenhouse and field condition. Minimum disease severity (12.62%) was observed when of (C. colocynthis + N. sativa) were applied in combination followed by C. colocynthis (23.23%) and N. sativa (28.31%) as compared to the control under greenhouse condition. Maximum disease incidence was noticed by N. sativa (42.18%), C. colocynthis (36.79%) and minimum disease incidence (27.40%) was observed when (C. colocynthis+ N. sativa) were applied in combinations under field condition as compared to the control and reduce the disease severity up to 50%. The results showed that C. colocynthis+ N. sativa can be implicated for the management of citrus canker.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86542639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ice cream is a wholesome, nutritious frozen dairy product. Consumer acceptance of ice cream depends largely on its structure, textural quality, resistance to melting, nutritional composition and flavour. Incorporation of fruits and spices is one of the choices to increase consumer acceptance. The study was focused to develop a nutritional and flavour rich palmyra pulp ice cream with selected spices and jaggery. Eight sensory evaluation tests were carried out with 30 semi-trained panellist using 5 point hedonic scales. Initial sensory evaluation test results reveals pulp which is less bitter and added in overrun combination was selected for both natural and commercial pulp. Then 25% of pulp was selected for both type of pulp. By using the combination which is selected in previous sensory evaluation natural pulp ice cream and commercial pulp ice cream were developed. From that; natural pulp ice cream was preferred as best. Then for the selected ice cream, 125 ppm level of ginger and cinnamon oleoresins incorporated products were selected as best outputs. When comparing cinnamon natural pulp ice cream and ginger natural pulp ice cream, the first one was preferred because of bitterness masking property of ginger. At the end of sensory evaluations, jaggery added ginger flavoured natural palmyra ice cream was developed without adding artificial colouring and preservatives.
{"title":"SENSORY VARIATION ANALYSIS IN ICE CREAM MADE BY PALMYRA (BORASSUS FLABELLIFER) PULP WITH JAGGERY AND SELECTED SPICES","authors":"M. Jayasinghe, Priyatharsini Ratnasingam","doi":"10.56520/asj.003.02.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.003.02.093","url":null,"abstract":"Ice cream is a wholesome, nutritious frozen dairy product. Consumer acceptance of ice cream depends largely on its structure, textural quality, resistance to melting, nutritional composition and flavour. Incorporation of fruits and spices is one of the choices to increase consumer acceptance. The study was focused to develop a nutritional and flavour rich palmyra pulp ice cream with selected spices and jaggery. Eight sensory evaluation tests were carried out with 30 semi-trained panellist using 5 point hedonic scales. Initial sensory evaluation test results reveals pulp which is less bitter and added in overrun combination was selected for both natural and commercial pulp. Then 25% of pulp was selected for both type of pulp. By using the combination which is selected in previous sensory evaluation natural pulp ice cream and commercial pulp ice cream were developed. From that; natural pulp ice cream was preferred as best. Then for the selected ice cream, 125 ppm level of ginger and cinnamon oleoresins incorporated products were selected as best outputs. When comparing cinnamon natural pulp ice cream and ginger natural pulp ice cream, the first one was preferred because of bitterness masking property of ginger. At the end of sensory evaluations, jaggery added ginger flavoured natural palmyra ice cream was developed without adding artificial colouring and preservatives.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82039105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.56520/asj.003.02.0122
Imran Mumtaz
Poultry one of the leading and vibrant agricultural segment in Pakistan poultry production, with a total contribution of 31% is one of the most important part of our economy. In the latest survey, Gross investment in this sector currently exceeds Rs.700.00 billion (Pakistan Economic Survey, 2016). The current per capita supply of protein from animal sources like beef in Pakistan, The average quantities of mutton, poultry and fish are 11grams a day. The focus of the daily dietary protein supply of the animal source is extremely less then recommended at W.H.O.26-gram (World Health Organization standards). The inner ecosystem of poultry sheds are polluted by ammonia from droppings in extensive grill sheds, the enormous size of the bird flock may otherwise cause inadequate ventilation of birds, this situation a single wave of heat may be harms in this situation, in a short period, high amount of chicken will be die. The Pakistan poultry association (PPA) reported a loss of several million rupees per year from this sector due to increased production costs simply because environmental control was not proper management. The current work is focus on the best developing a system that can monitor and control the poultry farm shed. In this research, focus on low cost indigenous intelligent solution to the efficient control of the medium-sized poultry farms will be provided for this project. The middle-class poultry farm can easily implement this system.
{"title":"AN IOT BASED ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLLED POULTRY FARM WITH CLOUD STORAGE","authors":"Imran Mumtaz","doi":"10.56520/asj.003.02.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.003.02.0122","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry one of the leading and vibrant agricultural segment in Pakistan poultry production, with a total contribution of 31% is one of the most important part of our economy. In the latest survey, Gross investment in this sector currently exceeds Rs.700.00 billion (Pakistan Economic Survey, 2016). The current per capita supply of protein from animal sources like beef in Pakistan, The average quantities of mutton, poultry and fish are 11grams a day. The focus of the daily dietary protein supply of the animal source is extremely less then recommended at W.H.O.26-gram (World Health Organization standards). The inner ecosystem of poultry sheds are polluted by ammonia from droppings in extensive grill sheds, the enormous size of the bird flock may otherwise cause inadequate ventilation of birds, this situation a single wave of heat may be harms in this situation, in a short period, high amount of chicken will be die. The Pakistan poultry association (PPA) reported a loss of several million rupees per year from this sector due to increased production costs simply because environmental control was not proper management. The current work is focus on the best developing a system that can monitor and control the poultry farm shed. In this research, focus on low cost indigenous intelligent solution to the efficient control of the medium-sized poultry farms will be provided for this project. The middle-class poultry farm can easily implement this system.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85688567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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